| 词条 | Beechcraft Twin Bonanza | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Beechcraft Model 50 Twin Bonanza is a small twin-engined aircraft designed by Beechcraft as an executive transport for the business market. It was developed to fill a gap in Beechcraft's product line between the single-engined Model 35 Bonanza and the larger Model 18.[1] The Twin Bonanza is about 50% larger than the Bonanza, has more powerful engines, and is significantly heavier, while in its earliest form having only half the passenger capacity of the Model 18. DevelopmentThe Twin Bonanza is not a true twin-engined derivative of the Bonanza since the cabin is wider and longer, however it did use some of the tooling jigs for the Bonanza as did the Travel Air (which was a closer derivative designed later). The Twin Bonanza was first flown on November 15, 1949 after rapid development, begun only in April of that year.[1] The Model 50's type certificate was awarded in 1951,[2] and production began the same year. The United States Army adopted the Twin Bonanza as the L-23 Seminole utility transport, making it the largest fixed-wing aircraft in its inventory at that time. According to Ralph Harmon, the airplane's designer, during an initial demonstration flight for the Army, Claude Palmer, a Beechcraft Demonstration Test Pilot, crashed while trying to land over a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} tree line while full of soldiers and sandbags. Everyone on board walked away from the crash. The Army was impressed with the structural strength of the Twin Bonanza, eventually purchasing 216 of the 994 examples produced.[2] It was also the first twin-engined aircraft in its class to be offered to the business market, but the Korean War was raging in the early 1950s and the US Army took almost the entire production for 1952 and 1953.[3] The Beechcraft Model 65 Queen Air and Model 90 King Air are both direct descendents of the Model 50 Twin Bonanza. All three aircraft share the same basic wing design, as well as landing gear, flaps, instrument panels, fuel cells, and more. The Queen Air added a larger cabin to the design, while the later King Air added turbine power and pressurization. Twin Bonanza production ended in 1963[4] while the King Air was under development. In January 2012 the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority issued an airworthiness directive grounding all Bonanzas, Twin Bonanzas and Debonairs equipped with a single pole-style yoke, having forward elevator control cables more than 15 years old, until they could be inspected. The AD was issued based on two aircraft found to have frayed cables, one of which suffered a cable failure just prior to takeoff and resulting concerns about the age of the cables in fleet aircraft of this age. At the time of the grounding some Bonanzas had reached 64 years in service. Aircraft with frayed cables were grounded until the cables were replaced and those that passed inspection were required to have their cables replaced within 60 days regardless. The AD affected only Australian aircraft and was not adopted by the airworthiness authority responsible for the type certificate, the US Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA instead opted to issue a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB) requesting that the elevator control cables be inspected during the annual inspection.[5][6][7] DesignThe Twin Bonanza is an all-metal low-wing cantilever cabin monoplane initially powered by two wing-mounted Lycoming GO-435 piston engines each with a wooden two-bladed propeller. The cabin has room for six people on bench seats, three in the front and three in the rear accessed by a side door on the right side.[8] To gain access to the door a retractable three-tread steps is used.[8] The Twin Bonanza has a tricycle landing gear with the nose wheel retracting rearwards and the main landing gears retracting partially into the engine nacelles, this leaves the tire exposed to assist in the event of a wheels-up landing.[8] Variants
A modification designed originally by Swearingen Aircraft and taken over by the Excalibur Aviation Company which re-engines the Twin Bonanza with two 400hp (298kW) Avco Lycoming IO-720-A1A flat-eight engines in a new cowling and revised exhaust system.[9] Other optional improvements were also available.
OperatorsMilitary operators
Specifications (D50){{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1956–57[11] |prime units?=imp
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|lists= |see also= }} References1. ^Beechcraft Heritage Museum Twin Bonanza page retrieved December 26, 2007. 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://aerofiles.com/_beech.html |title=Beechcraft |work=Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation |date=July 14, 2006 |accessdate=October 5, 2006 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061018142954/http://aerofiles.com/_beech.html| archivedate= October 18, 2006 | deadurl= no}} 3. ^1 Phillips, Edward H., Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes. Flying Books, Eagan, Minnesota 1992. {{ISBN|0-911139-11-7}}. 4. ^Twin Bonanza Model data {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061124073324/http://www.twinbonanza.com/assets/pdf/stats.pdf |date=November 24, 2006 }} retrieved December 26, 2007. 5. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Australia_Grounds_Older_Bonanzas_206024-1.html|title = Australia Grounds Older Bonanzas |accessdate = January 16, 2012|last = Niles|first = Russ|date = January 15, 2012| work = AVweb}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/casa-issues-directive-on-light-planes/story-e6frf7jx-1226243962836|title = CASA issues directive on light planes |accessdate = January 16, 2012|last = AAP|date = January 16, 2012| work = Herald Sun}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebbiz/news/No_FAA_Bonanza_Cable_AD_206087-1.html|title = No FAA Bonanza Cable AD |accessdate = January 26, 2012|last = Niles|first = Russ|date = January 24, 2012| work = AVweb}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite magazine|magazine=Air-Britain Aviation World|publisher=Air-Britain|date=June 2016|volume=68|issue=2|title=The Beechcraft Twin Bonanza|author=Rod Simpson|pages=62-58|issn=1742-996X}} 9. ^{{harvnb|Trammel|1966|p=50}} 10. ^Air International November 1985, p. 229. 11. ^Bridgman 1956, p. 231.
Further reading
External links{{commons category-inline|Beechcraft Twin Bonanza}}{{Beechcraft}} 5 : Beechcraft aircraft|United States civil utility aircraft 1950–1959|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1949|Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft |
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