| 词条 | Ilse Hirsch |
| 释义 |
Early lifeHirsch was born in Hamm. She joined the BDM at age sixteen and became one of its principal organizers in the town of Monschau. In the late stages of World War II, she was part of Werwolf (German for werewolf), a German resistance group that operated behind enemy lines.[2] Unternehmen KarnevalUnternehmen Karneval was a Werwolf mission authorized by Heinrich Himmler to assassinate Dr. Franz Oppenhoff, who, in October 1944, was appointed mayor of Aachen by the Americans after they took control of the city.[3] Hitler took a personal interest in this appointment and ordered Oppenhoff's elimination.[4] TeamThe team assembled by Generalinspekteur für Spezialabwehr Hans-Adolf Prützmann, who was given the task by Himmler, was:
PlanThe team's plan was to move to their first base camp in dense woodlands along the German-Belgian frontier. Morgenschweiss and Hirsch, who knew the city well and acted as guide, would enter town and locate their target. After identifying his daily schedule, they would pass the information to Wenzel and Leitgeb. Following the assassination, the team would head east toward friendly lines. They were to stick to the plan even if separated. Traveling strictly at night, they would hide in forester and game warden cabins during daylight. All carried forged papers identifying them as members of the Reich’s Organisation Todt labour force. If captured, they were to convince their interrogators that they were working on nearby border fortifications. AssassinationOn 20 March 1945 the team were flown in a captured, Luftwaffe-operated B-17 Flying Fortress from Hildesheim airfield near Hanover and parachuted around the village of Gemmenich. Upon landing they were discovered by a 20-year-old Dutch border guard, Joseph Saive, whom they shot. The team then made for 251, Eupener Strasse, where Oppenhoff lived with his wife Irmgard and their three children. He was away at a party so they asked the housekeeper to send for him. When Oppenhoff arrived, Wenzel—who had assured his accomplices he would do the shooting—lost his nerve. Leitgeb barked “Heil Hitler!”, grabbed the pistol and shot Oppenhoff dead.[5] Escaping with Leitgeb, Hirsch tripped a buried landmine; she injured her knee and Leitgeb was killed.[6] Later lifeAfter the war the surviving members of the Werwolf group were located and at trial in 1949 were found guilty of killing Oppenhoff[7] and sentenced to 1–4 years in prison. Hirsch and another team member were released; she married and had two sons.[6] References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Bernard A. |title=Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present |volume=2 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-770-8 |page=284}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hirsch, Ilse}}2. ^{{cite book |last1=Selby |first1=Scott Andrew |title=The Axmann Conspiracy: A Nazi Plan for a Fourth Reich and How the U.S. Army Defeated It |date=2012 |publisher=Berkeley Books |isbn=978-1-101-61138-8 |edition=1st}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Biddiscombe |first1=Perry |title=Last Nazis: SS Werewolf Guerrilla Resistance in Europe 1944-1947 |orig-year=2000 |publisher=The History Press |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-0-7524-9642-9 |year=2013}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Ganis |first1=Major Ralph |title=The Skorzeny Papers: Evidence for the Plot to Kill JFK |date=2018 |publisher=Hot Books |isbn=9781510708419 |edition=1st}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Kelly |title=Werewolves of Aachen |journal=Military History |date=27 June 2017 |issue=July 2017 |url=http://www.historynet.com/july-2017-table-contents.htm |accessdate=5 November 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |first=George |last=Duncan |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/%7Egduncan/women.html |title=Women of the Third Reich |website=Historical Facts of World War II |accessdate=11 February 2019 }} 7. ^{{cite news |first=Hans-Peter |last=Leisten |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/aachen/neues-zum-mord-an-oppenhoff_aid-32461909 |title=Aachen: Neues zum Mord an Oppenhoff |newspaper=Aachener Zeitung |language=German |date=29 March 2013 }} 4 : 1922 births|Military operations involving Germany|Possibly living people|German military officers |
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