| 词条 | Jamanxim National Forest |
| 释义 |
| name = Jamanxim National Forest | alt_name = Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim | iucn_category = VI | photo = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Novo Progresso, Pará | coordinates = {{coords|-7.537|-55.748|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|1301683.04|ha}} | designation = National forest | created = 13 February 2006 | administrator = Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation | world_heritage_site = }} The Jamanxim National Forest ({{lang-pt|Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim}}) is a national forest created in 2006 in the state of Pará, Brazil. The purpose is to ensure sustainable use of forest resources. The forest contains a sizeable population of settlers without land titles, and informal forest clearing and burning was continuing two years after the national forest had been created. Disputes over the legality of the forest creation were continuing in 2015. LocationThe Jamanxim National Forest is in the Amazon biome. It has an area of {{convert|1301683.04|ha}}. It was created by decree on 13 February 2006 and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).{{sfn|Flona do Jamanxim – Chico Mendes}} It is contained in the municipality of Novo Progresso in the state of Pará.{{sfn|FLONA do Jamanxim – ISA}} The forest consists of about 85% open rainforest and 14% dense rainforest. It was created in the context of land planning in the area influenced by the BR-163 highway, with the objective of slowing deforestation in one of the areas with the highest rates of Amazon forest clearance.{{sfn|FLONA do Jamanxim – ISA}} The Jamanxim National Forest is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) with the objective of sustainable multiple use of forest resources, maintenance and protection of water resources and biodiversity, and supporting sustainable exploitation of natural resources.{{sfn|Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim – MMA}} DisputesAlmost 1,000 families had been encouraged by the government to move to the area in the 1970s, but had not been given any land title and therefore were not entitled to compensation. In August 2009 senator Flexa Ribeiro said that under a draft agreement between ICMBio and the inhabitants of the national forest there would be no fines for deforestation before November 2007. In 2009 deforestation and burning was continuing at a rapid rate in previously untouched areas.{{sfn|Andreia Fanzeres|2009}} That year the forest lost {{convert|60|km2}} of coverage, with {{convert|18.8|km2}} removed in June 2009 alone.{{sfn|FLONA do Jamanxim – ISA}} About 12% of the forest area had been cleared, with about half the land abandoned rather than converted to agricultural use. IBAMA had arranged for the National Supply Company (Conab) to remove 6,000 head of cattle from the forest, and another 15,000 were to be removed. Weapons, chainsaws, fuel, tractors and other equipment had also been seized by IBAMA.{{sfn|Andreia Fanzeres|2009}} Proposals to reduce the size of the forest have been made by local companies and state politicians.{{sfn|FLONA do Jamanxim – ISA}} Some parts of the national forest are heavily populated, with pineapple plantations and farms growing crops and raising pigs, chickens and cattle. Representatives of the settlers challenged the legality of the creation of the national forest, on the grounds that the law called for participation of local people in creation, deployment and management of conservation units through preliminary technical studies and public consultations. ICMBio had proposed allocating {{convert|250000|ha}} to the settlers, but the farmers associations wanted {{convert|415000|ha}}. The dispute was ongoing in February 2015 after failure of negotiations before the Brazilian general election of October 2014.{{sfn|Delimitação da Flona Jamanxim ... Folha do Progresso}} In July 2015 ICMBio reported that it had seized 850 recently felled logs detected by the Real Time Deforestation Detection System (DETER) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE}.{{sfn|ICMBio|2015}} Regional conservationThe national forest is in a region that contains 12 sustainable use conservation areas and 6 fully protected areas. The fully protected areas, which cover {{convert|6,670,422|ha}}, are the Amazônia, Jamanxim, Rio Novo and Serra do Pardo national parks, the Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve and the Terra do Meio Ecological Station.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão|p=12}} The sustainable use areas include the Tapajós environmental protection area and the Altamira, Amaná, Jamanxim, Trairão, Itaituba I, Itaituba II and Tapajós national forests, covering a total of {{convert|7,555,889|ha}}.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão|p=12}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|author=Andreia Fanzeres |date=20 August 2009|work=O Eco |url=http://www.oeco.org.br/reportagens/22319-um-outro-desfecho-para-jamanxim/|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|title=Delimitação da Flona Jamanxim, cada dia mais difícil|journal=Folha do Progresso|date=11 February 2015 |url=http://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/delimitacao-da-flona-jamanximcada-dia-mais-dificil/|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|title=Flona do Jamanxim|publisher=Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/unidadesdeconservacao/biomas-brasileiros/amazonia/unidades-de-conservacao-amazonia/1958-flona-do-jamanxim|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|title=FLONA do Jamanxim|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/3265|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|title=Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://www.mma.gov.br/areas-protegidas/cadastro-nacional-de-ucs/consulta-por-uc|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|author=ICMBio|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/noticia/realizada-fiscalizacao-na-floresta-nacional-do-jamanxim|accessdate=2016-05-30}}
|title=Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão, Localizada no Estado do Pará|publisher=ICMBio |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/imgs-unidades-coservacao/flona_trairao.pdf|accessdate=2016-05-19}}{{refend}}{{authority control}} 3 : 2006 establishments in Brazil|National forests of Brazil|Protected areas of Pará |
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