词条 | Kartamyshevska Street | |||||||||
释义 |
| name = Kartamyshevska Street | marker_image = | native_name = {{lang-ukr|Вулиця Картамишевська}} {{lang-ru|Улица Картамышевская}} | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = M. Raskova Street | image = View on Kartamyshevskaya str from Golokovskaya str in 2017.jpg | image_size = 280 px | image_map = | caption = View from Golokovskaya Street, 7 June 2017 | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | other_name = | former_names = | part_of = | namesake = Kartamyshev | type = | owner = | maint = | length = | length_m = | length_ft = | length_km = | length_mi = | length_ref = | length_notes = | width = | area = | steps = | postal_code = 65091 | addresses = | location = | metro = | coordinates = {{coord|46|28|13.7|N|30|42|43.7|E|type:landmark|display=inline;title}} | direction_a = | terminus_a = {{Coord|46.470157|N|30.7167|E|scale:5000}} | direction_b = | terminus_b = {{Coord|46.47083|N|30.70853|E|scale:5000}} | junction = | main_contractor = | cost = | references = | commissioning_date = | construction_start_date = {{Start date|1802}} | completion_date = | inauguration_date = {{Start date|1836}} | demolition_date = | north = | east = | south = | west = | designer = | known_for = | status = | website = }} Kartamyshevska Street ({{lang-uk|Вулиця Картамишевська}}) is a street in the historical district of Moldavanka in Odessa, Ukraine. residents of Odessa refer to the street as Kartamyshevskaya ({{lang-ru|Картамышевская}}), omitting the word "street". It is in postal code 65091. Formation and nameThe former Turkish fortress of Hadjibey and its surrounding settlements was renamed Odessa, and officially became a town in 1798. Settlers from elsewhere in Ukraine and Russia began to arrive in the new town and its adjacent settlements, Moldavanka and Peresyp.[1] Kartamyshev was a noble family name in the Russian Empire which originated in the 17th century.[1] In 1802, Ivan Kartamyshev and his family (including his son Bonifatiy Ivanovich Kartamyshev, born in 1790) moved from Kharkov to Moldavanka. The Kartamyshev family established a large farm, and their farmhouse was near the beginning of the area between today's Srednyaya and Komityetskaya Streets.[1] After 1814, Moldavanka was mentioned as a suburb of Odessa.{{cn|date=March 2018}} On 7 May 1823, Graf Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov was appointed governor-general of New Russia (as the southern provinces of the empire were then called) and namestnik of Bessarabia. The capital and largest city was Odessa. Bonifatiy Ivanovich Kartamyshev was appointed the ratmann and commissioner of Moldavanka by Vorontsov. Kartamyshev, a silk and paper merchant, also owned bookshops in the area.[1] The three-block street was first drawn on Odessa's General Plan in 1835, although the streets were not named. Present-day Kartamyshevskaya Street is two blocks long.[2] {{anchor|Early history, 1835 to 1939}}Early history (1835–1939){{anchor|From 1836 to 1850|First buildings}}1836–1850Kartomyshevskaya Street was first mentioned in 1836.[1] The first known architect of buildings on the street was N. N. Cherkunov, who built three houses between 1847 to 1850:
{{anchor|From 1851 to 1889}}1851–1889Until 1870, Karamyshevskaya Street was primarily residential. During the second half of the 19th century, the street gradually took on an industrial character.[1] In the early 1870s, a windmill at the corner of Komityetskaya and Kartamyshevskaya Streets (on the even-numbered side of Kartamyshevskaya Street) was replaced by a steam mill owned by Turkish consul Rafail Hawa. Hawa also established a small glassworks for the production of bottles and similar vessels on the street. The glassworks was sold to a hat manufacturer named Delpech in 1875. At the turn of the 20th century, two small glassworks (one owned by Wilhelm Sanzenbacher) existed on the street.[1] {{anchor|From 1890 to 1903|New two-story house|Kartomyshevsky bystreet|Corner of Komityetskaya and Karamyshevskaya streets|Numbering changed, 1902-1903|Electica-style house}}1890–1903On behalf of Ivan Solyanikov, Vassily Lobanov petitioned for the construction of a two-storey stone house at the corner of Karamyshevskaya and Kosvennaya Streets (Kartamyshevskaya Street, 11 and Kosvennaya Street, 76) in 1893; the plan was approved on 16 August of that year. The house's architect was named Ottone. In 1898, the property belonged to A. F. Solyannikova.[6] Kartomyshevska Street was first named on the city map in 1894. A petroleum factory owned by a man named Lang existed on the street in the late 19th century, and a mining engineer named Yushkin was summoned from Grozny to work there.[1] In 1898, two parcels were on the block between Kertamyshevska and Kosvyennaya Streets:
The numbering of the even-numbered side of Kartamyshevskaya Street was changed in 1902 and 1903.[7] {{anchor|Revolutionary period, 1904-1920|Buildings of importance|Other changes}}Revolutionary period (1904-1920)The Russian Empire experienced a revolutionary period between 1904 and 1920, and the Potemkin uprising brought Odessa into the revolutionary movement. From 1918 to February 1920, political power in Odessa changed a number of times until the Red Army installed the Bolsheviks in power. The houses on Kartamyshevska Street were:
The numbering of the odd-numbered side of the street was changed in 1913. According to a 1910 Odessa map, the 10A electric-train line ran along Balkovkaya Street and crossed Kartomyshevska Street. According to 1912, 1916, 1917 and 1919 maps, two lines crossed Kartomyshevska: the 10A and the Kosvennaya Street line.[8][9][10] {{anchor|From 1920 to 1938}}1920–1938The Soviets entered Odessa on 7 February 1920. The next two years were a time of privation, with increased deaths of young children and the elderly. The wallpaper factory reopened as the Comintern factory in 1923 as the only wallpaper factory in the USSR. During its first year, the factory produced 575,000 rolls of wallpaper. In 1930, after modernization, it produced 6,000,000 rolls per year. Tapestry and wallpaper manufacturing in Ukraine began on Karamyshevska Street.[1] The apartment house of Ivan Solyanikov at Karamyshevska 17 and Kosvennaya 86, designed by architect C. Ottone, was demolished during this period.[6] {{anchor|School No. 60, 1937 to 1939.}}{{anchor|Petrovskogo street (1939-1941)|New names of the streets and circumstances}}Petrovsky Street (1939-1941)In 1939, Kartamyshevska Street was renamed Petrovsky Street; it was known by local residents as Petrovskogo Street. The street was renamed in honor of Grigory Petrovsky, who often visited Odessa.[1] {{anchor|During the defense of Odessa in 1941}}Defense of OdessaThe defense of Odessa, from 5 August to 16 October 1941, began when German and Romanian troops surrounded the city. Middle School 60 was blown up by Soviet troops in October 1941, before they left Odessa by sea to continue the siege of Sevastopol (1941–42). During the defense of the city Odessa's city hall was located at Karamyshevska Street, 10.[1] {{anchor|During the Occupation in Odessa (August 1941 - April 1944)|From April 1944 to 1945}}Occupation and liberationPetrovsky Street returned to its original name during the German and Romanian occupation. Odessa was liberated by Soviet troops under General Rodion Malinovsky on 10 April 1944. The only significant damage to buildings on Kartamyshevska Street during the Second World War was the destruction of the school. {{anchor|Street of Suharyev, Petrovskogo and Kartamyshevskaya (1945-1953)|Street's names in 1945-1953|Denationalization|"Poligraphmach"|The house of Soviet Neoclassicism on Kartamyshevskaya, 34}}Different names (1945–1953)In 1945, Kartamyshevska Street was officially renamed Sukharev Street.[1] According to a 13 April 1946 map of a parcel at Kartamyshevska 26, the street was still known as Petrovsky Street. A 9 September 1948 denationalization certificate lists the street as Kartamyshevska Street. During the fourth five-year plan (1946-1950), the Poligraphmach plant ({{lang-ru|Полиграфмаш}}) was built on the odd-numbered side of Kartamyshevska Street between Komitetskaya and Kosvennaya Streets. Replacing the Tarnopol brothers' third wallpaper factory and others houses and shops, it produced polygraph machines. The two-storey, Soviet neoclassic house with columns and gates at Kartamyshevskaya 34 was built on the site of a sausage factory in 1952.[13] From 1947 to 1970, housing was built primarily for military families. {{anchor|The Jammer|Sukharev Tower}}Radio jammingIn 1947, the city government transferred 11 acres of land to the Black Sea Shipping Company for an antenna installation. The large antenna facilitated communications with steamers in the Mediterranean and Red Seas and the north-eastern Indian and Atlantic Oceans.[14] An antenna tower for radio jamming was built at the corner of Kartamyshevska and Komitetskaya Streets between 1946 and 1961.[1][15] The Odessa TV tower, built from 1956 to 1958, had a similar construction. But Odessa TV tower was higher than the tower at Katamyshevskaya street. Seem the tower on Kartamyshevskaya street was built before 1957 year. (To see the photos in article The Odessa TV tower and the photos on Church Cite [15]). {{anchor|M. Raskova Street (1953 to 1967)|New name of this street|Petrov family.|The Children's Factory. Street of Kalinin, 1 (corner of Kalinin and М. Raskova Streets).|Children on M. Raskova Street, 26.|Neighboring courtyards to the courtyard on M. Raskova No 26.|Neighboring courtyards to the right of M. Raskova, 26.|Neighboring courtyards to the left of M. Raskova, 26.|M. Raskova street (1967-1979)|Shortened street M Raskova|Other changes on M. Raskova street.|M. Raskova Street of new building and the remnants of history buildings (1988 to 1995)|The Jammers' era completed|Commencement of the church building on the street}}M. Raskova Street (1953–1995)In 1953, Kartamyshevska Street was renamed M. Raskova Street in honor of Soviet pilot Marina Raskova (1912-1943). The street was absent from tourist maps from 1970 to the 1980s. It lost its outlet to Frunze Street ({{lang-ru|Улица Фрунзе}}) due to construction at the intersection of Frunze and M. Raskova Streets which shortened M. Raskova Street to two blocks. Radio jamming ended as the result of a November 1988 Politburo decision, and all jamming stations ceased operation during the night of 29–30 November. On the, Mikhail Gorbachev announced the end of jamming during an 8 December 1988 session of the UN General Assembly. An order from the Minister of Communications "On the cessation of jamming of foreign radio stations broadcasting to the Soviet Union" was signed on 19 December 1988. Around this time, jamming also ended in the Warsaw Pact countries.[17] Construction of the First Church of Evangelical Christians and Baptists in Odessa began in 1992, very close to the tower for radio jamming, and was completed in 1997. The tower for radio jamming was deconstructed by helicopter before end of 1997 as it was as it was unable to perform its functions due to progress in radio war during the Clad War period.[15] {{anchor|Kartamyshevskaya Street, 1995-2000|Notre-Dame de Moldavanka|Kartamyshevskaya Street in the 21st century|Kartamyshevskaya Street in the 2000s|Kartamyshevskaya Street from 2010|Street's architecture today|The city districts, in which Kartamyshevskaya was included|The historical catacombs area near the Kartamyshevskaya Street}}1995 to presentThe street returned to its original name. Kartamyshevskaya Street was included in the following districts of Odessa during the Soviet era:
The Odessa Catacombs, under Golorovskaya, Kartamyshevska and Kosvyennaya Streets and Mikhailovsky Square, date to the 18th century. Although most entrances to the catacombs are on Golokovskaya Street, some are on Kartamyshevska Street.[19] {{clear right}}Gallery{{anchor|To read also}}See also{{Commons category|Kartamyshevska Street}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_EzIwXDsNY|title=Где Идем?! Одесса: Улица Картамышевская HD|first=|last=Где Идём?! ТВ|date=3 August 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://odessastory.info/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=3844&fullsize=1|title=Одесская фотогалерея: Click image to close this window|website=odessastory.info}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/house/64003/|title=Одесса, Головковская улица, 1 – Детские сады (ясли) — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/house/28869/|title=Одесса, Картамышевская улица, 34 – Проекты домов до 1920 года — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/house/28870/|title=Одесса, Картамышевская улица, 36 – Проекты домов до 1920 года — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 6. ^1 2 Домофото. Архитектурная база. >> Одесса, Картамышевская улица, 11 / Косвенная улица, 80. 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/house/128355/|title=Одесса, Картамышевская улица, 14 – Проекты 3-этажных домов до 1920 года — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://odessastory.info/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=6017&fullsize=1|title=Одесская фотогалерея: Click image to close this window|website=odessastory.info}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://odessastory.info/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=16414&fullsize=1|title=Одесская фотогалерея: Click image to close this window|website=odessastory.info}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://odessastory.info/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=16406&fullsize=1|title=Одесская фотогалерея: Click image to close this window|website=odessastory.info}} 11. ^"Mass construction. Schools, kindergartens, nurseries, maternity hospitals. Contents of the IV-th Plenum of the Union of Soviet architects of the USSR. 25 Dec 1938 — 3 Jan 1939, Moscow: Publishing house of all-Union Academy of architecture, 1939, p. 121." 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/photo/72094/|title=Одесса, Комитетская улица, 14 / Картамышевская улица, 2* — Фотография — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://domofoto.ru/house/128350/|title=Одесса, Картамышевская улица, 32 – Серии 1-2хх — Домофото|website=domofoto.ru}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://podrobnosti.ua/429218-na-chernomorskoe-morskoe-parohodstvo-napali-rejdery.html|title=На Черноморское морское пароходство напали рейдеры|date=4 June 2007|publisher=}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://baptist.od.ua/index.php/foto-galereya/stroitelstvo-tserkvi|title=Строительство Церкви|first=Super|last=User|website=baptist.od.ua}} 16. ^Каталог марок : Марка › Marina Raskowa, navigator. 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://ussrlife.blogspot.ru/2012/12/blog-post_151.html|title=На волнах "холодной войны"|website=ussrlife.blogspot.ru}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://komsomolold.odessa.ua/?p=55|title=Сайт ветеранов ВЛКСМ Одесской области » Краткая история Ильичевского РК ЛКСМУ г. Одессы|website=komsomolold.odessa.ua}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://tools.wmflabs.org/wle/?id=51-101-5005|title=Wiki Loves Earth|website=tools.wmflabs.org}} 6 : Cold War sites|Cold War sites of the Soviet Union|History of Odessa|Lists of Cold War sites|Moldavanka|Streets in Odessa |
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