请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 List of National Democratic Alliance members
释义

  1. Members

  2. Past members

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}{{Contains Indic text}}

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a centre-right political alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[1] {{As of|2015}}, it is the ruling coalition in the Parliament of India under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi,[2][3] and rules over 13 state governments.[4] The NDA was formed by the BJP in the 1998 general elections; it consisted of its existing allies like the Samata Party, the Shiromani Akali Dal, the Shiv Sena in addition to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Biju Janata Dal. Among these regional parties, the Shiv Sena was the only one which had an ideology similar to that of the BJP.[5][6] The coalition first came to power at the Central Government after the 1998 general elections, and continued to rule till 2004.[7]

{{As of|2015|9}}, the NDA has thirty-seven member parties (two of them are political fronts and one is an organisation), out of which the BJP is the only national party. Thirteen NDA members (Shiv Sena, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Shiromani Akali Dal, All India N.R. Congress, Naga People's Front, Lok Janshakti Party, Rashtriya Lok Samta Party, Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, All Jharkhand Students Union, National People's Party, Mizo National Front and Pattali Makkal Katchi) have been granted "State Party" status by the Election Commission of India.[8] {{As of|2015|9}}, the NDA has 337 and 64 members in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha respectively.[9][10] With 272 seats in the Lok Sabha and 48 seats in the Rajya Sabha, the BJP is the largest NDA party in the parliament.[9][10]. On 16 March 2018, Telugu Desam Party quit NDA

Members

Key
  • NK – Not Known
NDA members[9]
PartySymbol[10]Foundation yearCurrent LeaderSeats in Lok Sabha[11]Seats in Rajya Sabha[12]Seats in the Vidhan Sabhas[13]ECI Status[8]
Bharatiya Janata Party[19]
Lotus		1980[14]Amit Shah[15]{{Composition bar|274|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|71|244|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{collapsible listtitle = Governing4|175|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Andhra Pradesh48|91|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Chhattisgarh13|40|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Goa121|182|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Gujarat47|90|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Haryana24|87|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Jammu and Kashmir43|82|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Jharkhand163|231|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Madhya Pradesh122|288|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Maharashtra4|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Nagaland3|117|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Punjab161|200|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Rajasthan
}}{{collapsible list		title = Opposition45|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Arunachal Pradesh63|126|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Assam53|243|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Bihar4|70|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Delhi27|68|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Himachal Pradesh44|225|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Karnataka10|147|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Odisha5|120|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Telangana312|404|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Uttar Pradesh47|71|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Uttarakhand3|295|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} West Bengal
}}		National Party
Shiv Sena[19]
Bow and Arrow		1966[16]Uddhav Thackeray[17]{{Composition bar|18|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|3|244|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|62|288|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} MaharashtraState Party
(Maharashtra)
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[19]Twin Leaf1972[18]O. Panneerselvam[18]{{Composition bar|37|342|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|13|245|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|115|235|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Tamil NaduState Party
(Tamil Nadu)
Lok Janshakti Party[19]Bungalow2000[19]Ram Vilas Paswan[18]{{Composition bar|6|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–{{Composition bar|2|243|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Bihar{{Composition bar|1|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} ManipurState Party
(Bihar)
Shiromani Akali Dal[19]
Scales		1920[20]Sukhbir Singh Badal[20]{{Composition bar|4|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|3|244|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|15|117|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Punjab{{Composition bar|1|87|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} HaryanaState Party
(Punjab)
Apna Dal[19]–1995[21]Krishna Patel[21]{{Composition bar|2|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–{{Composition bar|9|404|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Uttar PradeshRegistered Unrecognised Party
Naga People's Front[19]
Cock		2002[22]Shürhozelie Liezietsu[22]{{Composition bar|1|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|1|244|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}{{Composition bar|38|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Nagaland{{Composition bar|4|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} ManipurState Party
(Nagaland,Manipur)
All India N.R. Congress[19]
Jug		2011[23]N. Rangaswamy[23]{{Composition bar|1|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–{{Composition bar|8|33|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} PuducherryState Party
(Puducherry)
National People's Party[23]
Book		2013[24]P. A. Sangma[24]{{Composition bar|1|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–{{Composition bar|2|60|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Meghalaya{{Composition bar|4|200|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Rajasthan{{Composition bar|4|60|hex=FF9900|per=1}} NagalandState Party
(Meghalaya)
Pattali Makkal Katchi[23]
Mango		1989[25]G. K. Mani[25]{{Composition bar|1|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–{{Composition bar|0|235|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Tamil NaduState Party
(Puducherry)
Swabhimani Paksha[23]–2004[26]Raju Shetti[26]{{Composition bar|1|542|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}––Registered Unrecognised Party
Republican Party of India (A)[23]–NKRamdas Athawale[23]–{{Composition bar|1|244|hex=#FF9900|per=1}}–Registered Unrecognised Party
All Jharkhand Students Union[27]
Banana		1986[28]Sudesh Mahto[29]––{{Composition bar|5|82|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} JharkhandState Party
(Jharkhand)
Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch[30]–2006[31]Sulekha Kumbhare[30]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam[23]
Nagara		2005[32]Vijayakanth[32]––{{Composition bar|0|235|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Tamil NaduState Party
(Tamil Nadu)
Goa Vikas Party[33]–2012[34]Francisco Pacheco[34]––{{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} GoaRegistered Unrecognised Party
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)[35]–2015[36]Jitan Ram Manjhi[36]––{{Composition bar|1|243|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} BiharRegistered Unrecognised Party
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi[23]–2011[37]T. R. Pachamuthu[37]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Jammu & Kashmir People's Conference[72]–2004[38]Sajjad Lone[38]––{{Composition bar|2|87|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} Jammu and KashmirRegistered Unrecognised Party
Jana Sena Party[23]–2014[39]Pawan Kalyan[39]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Kamtapur People's Party[33]–1996[40]Atul Roy[40]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Kerala Congress (Nationalist)[23]–NKNobel Mathew[23]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Kerala Congress (Thomas)[83]–NKP. C. Thomas[41]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi[23]–2013[42]E. R. Eswaran[42]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party[23]
Lion		1963[25]Deepak Dhavlikar[23]––{{Composition bar|3|40|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} GoaState Party
(Goa)
Manipur Peoples Party[23]–1968[23]Laishram Jatra Singh[43]–––Registered Unrecognised Party
North-East Regional Political Front[44][95][45]–2013[46]–––––
Puthiya Needhi Katchi[23]–2001[23]A. C. Shanmugam[23]–––State Party(Tamil Nadu)
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha[23]–2003[23]Mahadev Jankar[23]––{{Composition bar|1|288|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} MaharashtraRegistered Unrecognised Party
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)[23]–2001[23]A. V. Thamarakshan[47]––{{Composition bar|1|141|hex=#FF9900|per=1}} KeralaRegistered Unrecognised Party
Shiv Sangram[30][48]–NKVinayak Mete[30]–––State Party (Maharashtra)
United Democratic Front[23][49]-2015[23]––––State Party (Meghalaya)
Sikkim Democratic Front2016Pawan Kumar Chamling–––State Party (Sikkim)

Past members

Past NDA members[50]
PartyWithdrawal year
Telugu Desam Party[51]2018
All India Trinamool Congress[52]2007
Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[52]2004
Asom Gana Parishad[53]2011
Biju Janata Dal[52]2009
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[52]2002
Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)[54]2014
Haryana Vikas Party[55]1999
Indian Federal Democratic Party[52][56]2004
Indian National Lok Dal[52]2009
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference[52]2002
Janata Dal (Secular)[57]2007
Janata Dal (United)[52]2013
Janata Party[58][59][60]2013
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[52]2012
Kamtapur Progressive Party[61][62][63]2010
Ladakh Union Territory Front[64][65][60]2010
Lok Shakti[66][67][68]2003
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[69]2014
Rashtriya Lok Dal[52]2012
Samata Party[66][67][68]2003
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal[70]2010

Notes

1. ^{{cite news|last1=Prakash|first1=Smita|title=NDA implodes|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/columnists/2013/jun/170613-nda-implodes.htm|accessdate=24 August 2015|work=Mid Day|date=17 June 2013|location=Mumbai}}
2. ^{{cite news|author1=Liz Mathew|author2=Ami Shah|title=Narendra Modi makes election history as BJP gets majority on its own|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/vGyzihxgQEuYmzRmyRA1vN/Election-results-2014-Counting-begins-as-Narendra-Modi-eyes.html|accessdate=5 September 2015|work=Mint|date=17 May 2014|quote=The BJP, led by its prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi, won the Lok Sabha elections, with 282 seats on its own. The alliance it leads—National Democratic Alliance (NDA)—has 336 seats in the lower house of the Parliament.}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms|accessdate=24 August 2015|work=Times of India|date=19 May 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=States of India since 1947|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html|publisher=worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=5 September 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|author=Keith Jones|title=Hindu chauvinist-led coalition to form India's next government|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/10/bjp-o09.html|website=wsws.org|publisher=World Socialist Web Site|accessdate=25 August 2015|date=9 October 1999}}
6. ^{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Sen|first1=Amartya|title=India and the World.|date=2005|publisher=Allen Lane|isbn=978-0-7139-9687-6|edition=1st|page=254}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=History of Lok Sabha elections|url=http://www.smetimes.in/smetimes/general-elections-2009/miscellaneous/2009/Mar/23/history-of-lok-sabha-elections5584.html|website=smetimes.in|accessdate=24 August 2015}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Election Commission of India – Notification|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2014/Notification%20English%2013.01.2015.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=25 August 2015|location=New Delhi|format=PDF|date=13 January 2015}}
9. ^The list includes all the member parties/fronts of the NDA, listed by the number of seats the party has in the Lok Sabha. If the numbers of seats in the Lok Sabha for two parties is equal, then number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is taken into consideration; and in case both the parties have got same number of seats in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, then they are listed alphabetically.
10. ^Permanent symbol is allotted to only national and state parties.
11. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Sixteenth Lok Sabha – All Members Party-wise List|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/partywiselist.aspx|publisher=Lok Sabha|accessdate=26 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018225726/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/partywiselist.aspx|archivedate=18 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Alphabetical position in the Rajya Sabha|url=http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/partymemberlist.aspx|publisher=Rajya Sabha|accessdate=26 August 2015}}
13. ^*{{cite web|title=MLA – AP State Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|website=ap.gov.in|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=26 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=List of Winners:Arunachal Pradesh 2014 Election|url=http://myneta.info/arunachal2014/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=default|website=myneta.info|publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms|accessdate=26 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Assam Legislative Assembly – Members of Current Assembly|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-all-list.html|website=assamassembly.gov.in|publisher=Assam Legislative Assembly|accessdate=26 August 2015}}*{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|website=http://eciresults.nic.in/|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=9 November 2015|date=8 November 2015|title=Partywise Trends & Result}}*{{cite web|title=Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha|url=http://cgvidhansabha.gov.in/english/newmlatable_fourthassembly.htm|website=cgvidhansabha.gov.in|publisher=Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=26 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Members of the Sixth Assembly|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/listmembers_VIth_Assembly.htm|website=delhiassembly.nic.in|publisher=Delhi Legislative Assembly|accessdate=26 August 2016}}*{{cite web|title=Sixth Legislative Assembly of the State of Goa|url=http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member-of-assembly.php|website=goavidhansabha.gov.in|publisher=Goa Legislative Assembly|accessdate=27 August 2016}}*{{cite web|title=Thirteenth Gujarat Legislative Assembly|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/emembers13.htm|website=gujaratassembly.gov.in|publisher=Gujarat Legislative Assembly|accessdate=27 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Assembly Members|url=http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/SearchMLAInformation.aspx|website=haryanaassembly.gov.in|publisher=Haryana Legislative Assembly|accessdate=27 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Assembly wise Member list|url=http://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Home/AllAssemblyList|website=hpvidhansabha.nic.in|publisher=Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=27 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=List of Elected Members of J&K Legislative Assembly|url=http://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/mla.pdf|website=ceojk.nic.in|publisher=Department of Election, Government of Jammu and Kashmir|accessdate=27 August 2015|format=PDF}}*{{cite web|title=चतुर्थ झारखंड विधान-सभा की दलगत स्थिति|url=http://jharkhandvidhansabha.nic.in/pdf/fourthdalgat.pdf|website=jharkhandvidhansabha.nic.in|publisher=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015|language=Hindi|trans-title=Party status of the fourth Jharkhand Assembly|format=PDF}}*{{cite web|title=Party Position of Legislative Assembly|url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/partyposition.htm|website=kla.kar.nic.in|publisher=Karnataka Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Party Position in 13th KLA|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/pposition.htm|website=niyamasabha.org|publisher=Kerala Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_report_2012_MR.pdf|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=28 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=चतुर्दश विधानसभा – भारतीय जनता पार्टी|url=http://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/14thvs/14mla-bjp.pdf|website=mpvidhansabha.nic.in|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015|language=Hindi|trans-title=Fourteenth Assembly – Bharatiya Janta Party|format=PDF}}*{{cite web|title=महाराष्ट्र विधानसभा – सदस्यांची यादी |url=http://maharashtralegislature.org.in/pdf/assemblyM2014.pdf|website=maharashtralegislature.org.in|publisher=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015|language=Marathi|trans-title=Maharashtra Assembly – List of Members|format=PDF|date=30 May 2015|dead-url=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195119/http://maharashtralegislature.org.in/pdf/assemblyM2014.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015}}*{{cite web|title=MLA Profiles|url=http://meghalaya.gov.in:8080/megportal/government/mlas|website=meghalaya.gov.in|publisher=Government of Meghalaya|accessdate=28 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=List of Members of Seventh Mizoram Legislative Assembly|url=http://www.mizoramassembly.in/pdf/listofmembers.pdf|website=mizoramassembly.in|publisher=Mizoram Legislative Assembly|accessdate=28 August 2015|format=PDF}}*{{cite news|last1=Kashyap|first1=Samudra Gupta|title=Nagaland MLAs hijacked by dissidents, but will come back to CM: NPF chief|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/nagaland-mlas-hijacked-by-dissidents-but-will-come-back-to-cm-npf-chief/|accessdate=28 August 2015|publisher=The Indian Express|quote=The NPF has a strength of 30 MLAs in a House of 60, with other partners of the Democratic Alliance of Nagaland (DAN) – BJP having four, NCP one, and JD(U) one member.|date=8 January 2015|location=Guwahati}}*{{cite web|title=Odisha Legislative Assembly|url=http://odishaassembly.nic.in/home.aspx|website=odishaassembly.nic.in|publisher=Odisha Legislative Assembly|accessdate=9 November 2015}}*{{cite news|title=BJP Chief Nominated to Puducherry House|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/BJP-Chief-Nominated-to-Puducherry-House/2014/09/03/article2412167.ece|accessdate=29 August 2015|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=3 September 2014|location=Puducherry}}*{{cite web|title=Member of Legislative Assembly|url=http://punjab.gov.in/mlas|website=punjab.gov.in|publisher=Government of Punjab|accessdate=28 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=14th House – Party Position|url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/PartyPosition.asp|website=rajassembly.nic.in|publisher=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly – Party Position|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/partyposition.htm|website=assembly.tn.gov.in|publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=Legislative Assembly|url=http://www.telanganalegislature.org.in/web/legislative-assembly/home|website=telanganalegislature.org.in|publisher=Telangana Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015}}*{{cite web|title=उत्तर प्रदेश सोलहवीं विधान सभा के सदस्यों की दलीय सूची|url=http://www.uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/16thVidhansabha_partywiseList/partywiselist_15June2015.pdf|website=uplegisassembly.gov.in|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015|language=Hindi|trans-title=Party list of the members of the sixteenth Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|format=PDF}}*{{cite web|title=वर्तमान सदस्य|url=http://ukvidhansabha.uk.gov.in/pages/display/45-present-members|website=ukvidhansabha.uk.gov.in|publisher=Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015|language=Hindi|trans-title=Present Members}}*{{cite web|title=Bye-elections of the Fifteenth Legislative Assembly|url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/pdf/By-Elections_15.pdf|website=wbassembly.gov.in|publisher=West Bengal Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015|format=PDF}}*{{cite web|title=Members elected to the Fifteenth Legislative Assembly|url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/pdf/MEMBERS%20ELECTED%20TO%20THE%20FIFTEENTH%20LEGISLATIVE%20ASSEMBLY.pdf|website=wbassembly.gov.in|publisher=West Bengal Legislative Assembly|accessdate=29 August 2015|format=PDF}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.bjp.org/about-the-party/history?u=founder|website=bjp.org|publisher=Bharatiya Janta Party|accessdate=29 August 2015|quote=The BJP was formed as a separate party in 1980 after internal differences in the Janata Party resulted in the collapse of the Janata government in 1979.}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=BJP Presidents|url=http://www.bjp.org/leadership/bjp-presidents|website=bjp.org|publisher=Bharatiya Janta Party|accessdate=29 August 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=स्थापना|url=http://shivsena.org/m/19-june-1966/|website=shivsena.org|publisher=Shiv Sena|accessdate=29 August 2015|trans-title=Foundation|language=Marathi}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Uddhav takes father's powers, but not Shiv Sena 'pramukh' title|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Uddhav-takes-fathers-powers-but-not-Shiv-Sena-pramukh-title/articleshow/17452126.cms|accessdate=29 August 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=2 December 2012|location=Mumbai}}
18. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia|last=D'Souza|first=Shanthie Mariet|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (LJP)|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Lok-Janshakti-Party|access-date=29 August 2015}}
19. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=D'Souza|first=Shanthie Mariet|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Lok Janshakti Party (LJP)|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Lok-Janshakti-Party|access-date=29 August 2015}}
20. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|last=D'Souza|first=Shanthie Mariet|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Shiromani-Akali-Dal|access-date=29 August 2015}}
21. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Srivastava|first1=Piyush|title=Apna Dal in-fighting helps BJP|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2819571/LUCKNOW-MAIL-Apna-Dal-fighting-helps-BJP.html|accessdate=29 August 2015|publisher=Daily Mail|date=3 November 2014|location=Lucknow}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|title=Nagaland people's front (NPF)|url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/nagaland-peoples-front.html|publisher=Elections.in|accessdate=29 August 2015}}
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 {{cite news|title=Who are Modi's 26 allies in the NDA?|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/ls-election-sheela-says-who-are-modis-26-allies-in-the-nda/20140505.htm|accessdate=31 August 2015|publisher=Rediff.com|date=5 May 2014}}
24. ^1 {{cite news|title=Sangma launches National People's Party, will have alliance with NDA|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/sangma-launches-national-people-s-party-nda-7550.html|accessdate=31 August 2015|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=India TV|date=5 January 2013|location=New Delhi}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Paul Wallace|author2=Ramashray Roy|title=India's 2009 Elections: Coalition Politics, Party Competition and Congress Continuity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ6HAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|accessdate=31 August 2015|date=5 May 2011|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0774-3|pages=7–10}}
26. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Banerjee|first1=Shoumojit|title=Taking the fight to sugar barons in western Maharashtra|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/taking-the-fight-to-sugar-barons-in-western-maharashtra/article6472317.ece|accessdate=31 August 2015|publisher=The Hindu|date=5 October 2014|location=Kolhapur|quote=Mentored by stalwart agrarian activist Sharad Joshi, Mr. Shetti broke off from the Shetkari Sanghatna of Mr. Joshi to found the Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatna, whose political wing, the Swabhimani Paksha, was formed in 2004.}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=BJP enters pre-poll alliance with AJSU in Jharkhand|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-enters-pre-poll-alliance-with-AJSU-in-Jharkhand/articleshow/45024533.cms|accessdate=4 September 2015|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=Times of India|date=3 November 2014|location=New Delhi}}
28. ^{{cite book|author1=Helmut K. Anheier|author2=Lester M. Salamon|title=The Nonprofit Sector in the Developing World: A Comparative Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xm7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA226|accessdate=31 August 2015|year=1998|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-5386-3|page=226|quote=It also provided a large number of cadres to the All Jharkhand Students' Union after its formation in 1986.}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Jharkhand elections: Sudesh Mahto loses from Silli|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/jharkhand-elections-sudesh-mahto-loses-from-silli-732566.html|accessdate=31 August 2015|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=23 December 2014|location=Ranchi|quote=Former deputy chief minister and AJSU party president Sudesh Mahto on Tuesday lost from his home turf Silli after representing it for nearly 15 years.}}
30. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Dalit leader Kumbhare backs BJP in Maharashtra polls|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/maha-polls-dalit-leader-kumbhare-announces-support-to-bjp-114092800348_1.html|accessdate=4 September 2015|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=Business Standard|date=28 September 2014|location=Nagpur}}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Bhagwat|first1=Ramu|title=Four RPI faction leaders share dais but not hearts|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Four-RPI-faction-leaders-share-dais-but-not-hearts/articleshow/46891034.cms|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=12 April 2015|location=Nagpur}}
32. ^1 {{cite news|author1=Sriram Srinivasan|author2=Sangeetha Kandavel|title=After hopes of a Rajya Sabha berth dashed, DMDK struggles for its relevance|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-27/news/40233737_1_dmdk-mlas-vijayakanth-s-michael-rayappan|accessdate=31 August 2015|publisher=The Economic Times|date=27 June 2013|quote=When actor-turned-politician Vijayakanth launched the Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK) in 2005, he introduced his party as the long-awaited alternative to the two Dravidian parties (DMK and AIADMK) that had ruled Tamil Nadu uninterrupted for nearly four decades.}}
33. ^1 Adnan Farooqui & E. Sridharan (2014): [https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/casi.sas.upenn.edu/files/upiasi/Farooqui-Sridharan,%20Round%20Table%20article.pdf Is the Coalition Era Over in Indian Politics?], The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
34. ^1 {{cite news|title=The case of Francisco Mickky Pacheco: From humble beginning, to flashy lifestyle & run-ins with law|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/francisco-mickky-pacheco-from-humble-beginning-to-flashy-lifestyle-run-ins-with-law/|accessdate=31 August 2015|publisher=The Indian Express}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Varma|first1=Gyan|title=Manjhi joins NDA ahead of Bihar polls|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NdKhSkrpmhks9Bp2fUXm2K/Manjhi-joins-NDA-ahead-of-Bihar-polls.html|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=livemint.com|date=13 June 2015|location=New Delhi}}
36. ^1 {{cite news|title=Jitan Ram Manjhi announces new party as Hindustani Awam Morcha|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jitan-ram-manjhi-announces-new-party-as-hindustani-awam-morcha/|accessdate=2 September 2015|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=8 May 2015|location=Patna}}
37. ^1 {{cite book|author=S. Rajanayagam|title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FHeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA294|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-58773-6|page=237}}
38. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Former separatist Sajjad Lone takes oath as J&K minister|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/former-separatist-sajjad-lone-takes-oath-as-jk-minister-/20150301.htm|accessdate=3 September 2015|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=Rediff.com|date=1 March 2015}}
39. ^1 {{cite news|author1=K. V. Kurmanath|title=Pawan Kalyan floats Jana Sena party|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/pawan-kalyan-to-launch-jana-sena-party-today/article5783844.ece|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=Business Line|date=14 March 2014|location=Hyderabad}}
40. ^1 {{cite news|title=Factions merge for Kamtapur fight|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101014/jsp/siliguri/story_13055491.jsp|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=The Telegraph|date=13 October 2010|location=Siliguri}}
41. ^1 {{cite news|title=Kerala Cong P C Thomas Faction Joins NDA|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Kerala-Cong-P-C-Thomas-Faction-Joins-NDA/2015/08/19/article2981572.ece|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=19 August 2015|location=Kochi}}
42. ^1 {{cite news|title=Another split group of KNMK floats new party|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Another-split-group-of-KNMK-floats-new-party/articleshow/29794190.cms|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=3 Feb 2014|location=Coimbatore|quote=Eswaran floated his new party called Kongunadu Makkal Desiya Katchi (KMDK) on March 21, 2013 after differences arose between him and parent party president 'Best' Ramasamy.}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=Manipur People`s Party gets new president|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/north-east/manipur-peoples-party-gets-new-president_814513.html|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=Zee News|date=4 December 2014|location=Imphal}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Northeast parties stitch alliance with NDA|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-northeast-parties-stitch-alliance-with-nda-1973340|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=Daily News and Analysis|date=29 March 2014}}
45. ^North-East Regional Political Front is a front of ten political parties (Naga People's Front, Manipur Peoples Party, Mizo National Front, Manipur State Congress Party, Manipur Democratic People's Front, People's Party of Arunachal, Indigenous People's Front of Tripura, United Democratic Party, Hill State People's Democratic Party, and Asom Gana Parishad).
46. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Talukdar|first1=Sushanta|title=Ten north-east parties float regional front|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ten-northeast-parties-float-regional-front/article5255125.ece|accessdate=3 September 2015|publisher=The Hindu|date=21 October 2013|location=Guwahati}}
47. ^{{cite news|title=BJP Forms State Chapter of NDA with 4 Parties|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/BJP-Forms-State-Chapter-of-NDA-with-4-Parties/2014/03/16/article2111263.ece|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=16 March 2014|location=Kottayam}}
48. ^Shiv Sangram is a Maratha organization.
49. ^United Democratic Front is a front of eight political parties (Mizo National Front, Mizoram People's Conference, Zoram Nationalist Party, Maraland Democratic Front, Hmar People's Convention, Paite Tribes Council, BJP, and the Mizoram state unit of Nationalist Congress Party).
50. ^The list includes all the past members of the NDA, listed alphabetically.
51. ^{{cite news|title=TDP quits NDA|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/tdp-telugu-desam-party-quits-nda-live-updates-chandrababu-naidu-party-becomes-first-ally-to-quit-bjp-led-ruling-alliance-narendra-modi-4392811.html|accessdate=5 March 2018|publisher=firstpost|date=5 March 2018|location=Andrapradesh}}
52. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|title=NDA camp left almost empty as JD-U leaves|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/nda-camp-left-almost-empty-as-jd-u-leaves-113061600570_1.html|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Business Standard|date=16 June 2013|location=New Delhi}}
53. ^{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Navtan|title=BJP expands base in Assam|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/bjp-expands-base-in-assam|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|date=10 August 2013|location=New Delhi|quote=In 2011, the AGP pulled out of the NDA and contested the Assembly elections on its own.}}
54. ^{{cite news|title=Haryana Janhit Congress snaps ties with BJP|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-janhit-congress-snaps-ties-with-bjp/story-uSF9zjO65hIye9b5vbBScN.html|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=28 August 2014|location=New Delhi}}
55. ^{{cite news|title=BJP withdraws support to Bansi Lal govt in Haryana|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/jun/22har2.htm|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Rediff.com|date=22 June 1999}}
56. ^Merged with the Kerala Congress.
57. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Routray|first=Bibhu Prasad|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Janata Dal (Secular) |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Janata-Dal-Secular|access-date=5 September 2015}}
58. ^{{cite news|title=NDA finds a new ally in Janata Party chief Subramanian Swamy|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nda-finds-a-new-ally-in-janata-party-chief-subramanian-swamy/1/177350.html|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Mail Today|date=12 March 2012|location=New Delhi}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=Janata Party merged with the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/janata-party-merged-with-the-bhartiya-janata-party-bjp-1376308568-1|publisher=jagranjosh.com|accessdate=5 September 2015|date=12 August 2013}}
60. ^1 Merged with the BJP.
61. ^{{cite news|title=Kamtapur parties pledge support for BJP|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090414/jsp/siliguri/story_10818192.jsp|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=The Telegraph|date=13 April 2009|location=Darjeeling}}
62. ^{{cite news|title=Factions merge for Kamtapur fight|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101014/jsp/siliguri/story_13055491.jsp|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=The Telegraph|date=13 October 2010|location=Siliguri}}
63. ^Merged with the Kamtapur People’s Party.
64. ^{{cite news|title=NDA gets one more ally|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/nda-gets-one-more-ally-109050200082_1.html|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Business Standard|date=2 May 2009|location=New Delhi}}
65. ^{{cite news|title=Amid strife, Ladakh party merges with BJP|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ladakh-party-merges-with-bjp/20100916.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=5 September 2015|date=16 September 2010}}
66. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Ramakrishnan|first1=Venkitesh|title=A 'united' Dal and a divided NDA|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1617/16170130.htm|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Frontline|date=August 1999}}
67. ^1 {{cite news|title=SJ(D) merges with JD(U)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sjd-merges-with-jdu/article6733595.ece|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=The Hindu|date=29 December 2014|location=Thrissur|quote=The JD(U) was formed on October 30, 2003, with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, Lokshakti Party and the Samata Party.}}
68. ^1 Merged with the Janata Dal (United).
69. ^{{cite news|author1=Karthick S|title=Vaiko's MDMK snaps ties with NDA, hits out at Modi govt|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Vaikos-MDMK-snaps-ties-with-NDA-hits-out-at-Modi-govt/articleshow/45411799.cms|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=8 December 2014|location=Chennai}}
70. ^{{cite news|title=UKD withdraws support from state BJP govt|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101228/dun.htm#1|accessdate=5 September 2015|publisher=The Tribune|date=2 December 2010|location=Dehradun}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • {{Official website|http://www.bjp.org/|name=Official website of the BJP}}
{{National Democratic Alliance |state=collapsed}}{{DEFAULTSORT:National Democratic Alliance}}

2 : Bharatiya Janata Party|India politics-related lists
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/17 6:08:37