| 词条 | Locus Biosciences | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Locus Biosciences | logo = Logo_for_company_for_use_on_their_WP_page_only.png | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | trading_name = | type = | traded_as = | ISIN = | industry = Pharmaceutical company | founded = {{Start date and age|2015|05|22}} in Raleigh, NC, USA | founders = Paul Garofolo[1], Nick Taylor, Dave Ousterout, Rodolphe Barrangou[1], Charles Gersbach, Chase Beisel, Ahmed Gomaa | hq_location_city = Morrisville, North Carolina | hq_location_country = United States | brands = crPhage | production = | production_year = | services = | revenue = | revenue_year = | operating_income = | income_year = | net_income = | net_income_year = | assets = | assets_year = | equity = | equity_year = | owner = | members = | members_year = | num_employees = | num_employees_year = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | website = {{URL|https://www.locus-bio.com/}} | footnotes = }}Locus Biosciences is a preclinical-stage pharmaceutical company based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina which aims to develop therapies based on CRISPR–Cas3 gene editing technology delivered by engineered bacteriophages under the trademark crPhage.[2] CRISPR-Cas3 is more destructive than the better known CRISPR–Cas9 used by companies like Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Synthego, Intellia Therapeutics, CRISPR Therapeutics and Beam Therapeutics.[4] CRISPR–Cas3 destroys the targeted DNA in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.[5][3] The company was founded in 2015 with a $5 million convertible note from the Chinese investor Tencent Holdings and North Carolina Biotechnology Center[4][8] and licensed CRISPR patents from North Carolina State University.[5][6] Co-founder, Rodolphe Barrangou, said "Cas3 is a meaner system...but if you want to cut a tree and get rid of it, you bring a chain saw, not a scalpel"[7] In 2017, the company closed a $19 million Series A led by Artis Ventures, Tencent Holdings Ltd, and Abstract Ventures.[6][8] In 2018, Locus acquired the high-throughput bacteriophage discovery platform from San Francisco-based phage therapy company Epibiome, Inc.[9] In 2019, the company entered into a strategic collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceuticals (a Johnson & Johnson company) worth up to $818 million to develop CRISPR-Cas3 drugs targeting two bacterial pathogens. [10] [11][6] Under the terms of the partnership, Locus will receive $20M upfront and up to $798M in milestones and royalties on net sales.[12] Differences between CRISPR CAS 3 and other subtypes{{main|CRISPR}}CRISPR-Cas systems fall into two classes. Class 1 systems use a complex of multiple Cas proteins to degrade foreign nucleic acids. Class 2 systems use a single large Cas protein for the same purpose. Class 1 is divided into types I, III, and IV; class 2 is divided into types II, V, and VI.[13] The 6 system types are divided into 19 subtypes.[14] Many organisms contain multiple CRISPR-Cas systems suggesting that they are compatible and may share components.[15][16]
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/21/move-over-cas9-crispr-cas3-might-hold-the-key-to-solving-the-antibiotics-crisis/|title=Move over Cas9, CRISPR-Cas3 might hold the key to solving the antibiotics crisis|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220100141/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/21/move-over-cas9-crispr-cas3-might-hold-the-key-to-solving-the-antibiotics-crisis/|archive-date=2019-02-20|dead-url=no|df=}} 2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Gibney |first1=Elizabeth |title=What to expect in 2018: science in the new year |journal=Nature |volume=553 |issue=7686 |pages=12–13 |date=January 2, 2018 |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-00009-5 |pmid=29300040 |bibcode=2018Natur.553...12G }} 3. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature.2017.22173|pmid=28661508|title=Modified viruses deliver death to antibiotic-resistant bacteria|journal=Nature|volume=546|issue=7660|pages=586–587|year=2017|last1=Reardon|first1=Sara|bibcode=2017Natur.546..586R}} 4. ^{{cite news |last1=MARTZ |first1=LAUREN |title=CUTTING THROUGH RESISTANCE |url=https://www.biocentury.com/bc-innovations/product-rd/2017-08-31/how-locus-biosciences-using-crispr-cas3-tackle-antibiotic-?|accessdate=March 13, 2019 |publisher=Biocentury}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Kisten |title=Scientists Are Creating a Genetic Chainsaw to Hack Superbug DNA to Bits |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-little-known-crispr-technique-could-be-the-key-to-fig-1792689477 |access-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209122153/https://gizmodo.com/a-little-known-crispr-technique-could-be-the-key-to-fig-1792689477 |archive-date=2018-12-09 |dead-url=no |df= }} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Up to $818 million deal between J&J and Locus Biosciences points to a new path for CRISPR therapies |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/04/up-to-818-million-deal-between-jj-and-locus-biosciences-points-to-a-new-path-for-crispr-therapies/ |access-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203014835/https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/04/up-to-818-million-deal-between-jj-and-locus-biosciences-points-to-a-new-path-for-crispr-therapies/ |archive-date=2019-02-03 |dead-url=no |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news |last1=Marcus |first1=Amy Dockser |title=A Genetic 'Chain Saw' to Target Harmful DNA |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-genetic-chain-saw-to-target-harmful-dna-1477081818 |accessdate=27 February 2019 |agency=Wall Street Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306074907/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-genetic-chain-saw-to-target-harmful-dna-1477081818 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web |last1=Martz |first1=Lauren|url=https://www.biocentury.com/bc-innovations/product-rd/2017-08-31/how-locus-biosciences-using-crispr-cas3-tackle-antibiotic- |title= Cutting Through Resistance|publisher=Biocentury}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=Locus Biosciences Acquires EpiBiome Bacteriophage Discovery Platform |url=https://www.genomeweb.com/business-news/locus-biosciences-acquires-epibiome-bacteriophage-discovery-platform |accessdate=February 27, 2019 |agency=Genomeweb |date=July 17, 2018}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Phil |title=J&J takes stake in Locus’ CRISPR-based ‘Pac-Man’ antimicrobials |url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/j-j-takes-stake-locus-crispr-based-pac-man-antimicrobials |accessdate=27 February 2019 |agency=Fierce Biotech |date=Jan 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306192547/https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/j-j-takes-stake-locus-crispr-based-pac-man-antimicrobials |archive-date=6 March 2019 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite journal|title=Antibiotics Are Failing Us. Crispr is Our Glimmer of Hope|journal=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/antibiotics-are-failing-us-crispr-is-our-glimmer-of-hope/|date=2019-01-16|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123205808/https://www.wired.com/story/antibiotics-are-failing-us-crispr-is-our-glimmer-of-hope/|archive-date=2019-01-23|dead-url=no|df=}} 12. ^{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Kristen |title=J&J Bets $20 Million on DNA Tool to Battle Infectious Bacteria |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-03/j-j-bets-20-million-on-dna-tool-to-battle-infectious-bacteria |accessdate=27 February 2019 |agency=Bloomberg |date=January 3, 2019}} 13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wright AV, Nuñez JK, Doudna JA | title = Biology and Applications of CRISPR Systems: Harnessing Nature's Toolbox for Genome Engineering | journal = Cell | volume = 164 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 29–44 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26771484 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.035 }} 14. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Westra | first1 = Edze R. | last2 = Dowling | first2 = Andrea J. | last3 = Broniewski | first3 = Jenny M. | last4 = van Houte | first4 = Stineke | name-list-format = vanc | title = Evolution and Ecology of CRISPR | journal = Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics | date = November 2016 | volume = 47 | issue = 1 |pages = 307–331 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032428 }} 15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiedenheft B, Sternberg SH, Doudna JA | title = RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea | journal = Nature | volume = 482 | issue = 7385 | pages = 331–8 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22337052 | doi = 10.1038/nature10886 | bibcode = 2012Natur.482..331W }} 16. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Deng L, Garrett RA, Shah SA, Peng X, She Q | title = A novel interference mechanism by a type IIIB CRISPR-Cmr module in Sulfolobus | journal = Molecular Microbiology | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = 1088–99 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23320564 | doi = 10.1111/mmi.12152 | doi-access = free }} 17. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Sinkunas T, Gasiunas G, Fremaux C, Barrangou R, Horvath P, Siksnys V | title = Cas3 is a single-stranded DNA nuclease and ATP-dependent helicase in the CRISPR/Cas immune system | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 30 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–42 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21343909 | pmc = 3094125 | doi = 10.1038/emboj.2011.41 }} 18. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Huo Y, Nam KH, Ding F, Lee H, Wu L, Xiao Y, Farchione MD, Zhou S, Rajashankar K, Kurinov I, Zhang R, Ke A | title = Structures of CRISPR Cas3 offer mechanistic insights into Cascade-activated DNA unwinding and degradation | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 9 | pages = 771–7 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25132177 | pmc = 4156918 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb.2875 }} 19. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gasiunas G, Barrangou R, Horvath P, Siksnys V | title = Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 39 | pages = E2579–86 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22949671 | pmc = 3465414 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1208507109 | bibcode = 2012PNAS..109E2579G }} 20. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Heler R, Samai P, Modell JW, Weiner C, Goldberg GW, Bikard D, Marraffini LA | title = Cas9 specifies functional viral targets during CRISPR-Cas adaptation | journal = Nature | volume = 519 | issue = 7542 | pages = 199–202 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25707807 | pmc = 4385744 | doi = 10.1038/nature14245 | bibcode = 2015Natur.519..199H }} 3 : Pharmaceutical companies of the United States|Gene therapy|Health care companies based in North Carolina |
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