| 释义 |
- History
- Monuments in Europe
- Monuments in other continents
- Literature
- Siehe auch
- References
- External links
A Luther Monument (Lutherdenkmal) is a monument dedicated to the reformer Martin Luther. The oldest one from 1821 is in Wittenberg. The largest one, the Luther Monument in Worms, was unveiled in 1868 as a composition of several statues, designed by Ernst Rietschel. Several monuments in the United States use a copy of Rietschel's main statue, including the Luther Monument in Washington, D.C., from 1884. History Monuments for Luther were mainly erected in the second half of the 19th century. In several German towns, the served as memorials for the Reformation which Luther initiate. They often connect to events to events in the reformer's life, sometimes a visit in the town. The oldest full-size monument is the {{ill|Luther Monument (Wittenberg)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Lutherstadt Wittenberg)|lt=Luther Monument in Wittenberg}}, which was at the same time the first public full-size monument for a person who was not noble. It was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and unveiled in 1821 enthüllt. The largest monument was designed by Ernst Rietschel, and unveiled in Worms in 1968. Several statues with Luther in the centre are arranged in the shape of a castle, reminiscent of Luther's hymn "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"). It influenced the design of other monuments. The central figure was copied several times, including seven replicas in the United States.[1] Monuments in Europe - in Annaberg-Buchholz (1883)
- in Aš, Bohemia (1883)
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Bad Schandau)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Bad Schandau)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Bad Schandau (1817)
- on the Friedhof der Dorotheenstädtischen und Friedrichswerderschen Gemeinden in Berlin (1909), copy of the Wittenberg monument
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Berlin, Marienkirche)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Berlin, Marienkirche))|lt=Luther Monument}} at the Marienkirche in Berlin (1895) by {{ill|Paul Otto (sculptor)|de|Paul Otto (Bildhauer)|lt=Paul Otto}} and Robert Toberentz
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Bielsko-Biała)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Bielsko-Biała)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Bielsko-Biała, Poland (1900) at the Lutherkirche, by {{ill|Franz Vogel (sculptor)|de|Franz Vogl (Bildhauer, 1861)|lt=Franz Vogl}}
- in Coburg (1883) in the Lutherschule, probably after Rietschel
- in Cottbus (1911) in front of the Niedersorbisches Gymnasium, by Heinrich Goetschmann
- in Dresden (1885) at the Frauenkirche, by Adolf von Donndorf after Rietschel[2]
- in Elze (1883)
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Eisenach)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Eisenach)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Eisenach (1885) by Adolf von Donndorf
- in Eisleben (1883) on the market square, by Rudolf Siemering[3]
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Erfurt)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Erfurt)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Erfurt (1889), by Fritz Schaper
- in Hamburg (1912) at the Micheliskirche, by Otto Lessing[4]
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Hanover)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Hannover)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Hanover (1900) at the Marktkirche, by {{ill|Carl Dopmeyer|de}}, completed by Ferdinand Hartzer
- in Kirchberg (1908) in the Lutherpark, copy after Rietschel
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Magdeburg)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Bad Magdeburg)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Magdeburg (1886) in front of the {{ill|St.-Johannis-Kirche (Magdeburg)|de|St.-Johannis-Kirche|lt=Johanniskirche}}, by {{ill|Emil Hundrieser|de}}
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Möhra)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Möhra)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Möhra (1861) by {{ill|Ferdinand Müller|de|Ferdinand Müller (Bildhauer)|lt=Ferdinand Müller}}
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Norderney)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Norderney)|lt=Luther Monument}} on Norderney (1883), by Bernhard Högl[5]
- in Nürnberg at the St. Sebald, with Phillipp Melanchthon[6]
- in Speyer (1903) at the Gedächtniskirche der Protestation, by Hermann Hahn
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Steinbach)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Steinbach)|lt=Luther Monument}} near Steinbach (Bad Liebenstein) (1857)
- in Uelzen (1883) after Rietschel
- in Wennigsen (Deister), Lower Saxony (1960), copy of Springfield, Illinois
- {{ill|Luther Monument Wittenberg|de|Lutherdenkmal (Lutherstadt Wittenberg)|lt=Lutherdenkmal}} in Wittenberg (1821) on the market square, by Johann Gottfried Schadow
- Luther Monument in Worms (1868), by Ernst Rietschel
- in New Ulm, Minnesota at Martin Luther College
- in Mequon, Wisconsin at Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary
Monuments in other continents - in Nova Friburgo, Brazil (2004) by Otavio Teixeira M. Neto[7]
- in Santiago de Chile, Chile (2002) by Serena Piacentini, first Luther Monument in Spanish-speaking Latin America[8]
- in front of the Lutherkirche in Copenhagen, Dänemark (1983) by {{ill|Rikard Magnussen|da}}[9]
- {{ill|Luther Monument (Keila)|de|Lutherdenkmal (Keila)|lt=Luther Monument}} in Keila, Estonia (1862–1949)
- in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (1987) on the Augustana Campus of the University of Alberta, by Danek Mozdzenski[10]
- in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. (1936) by Hans Schuler[11]
- in Clayton, Missouri, U.S. (1904) on the campus of the Concordia Seminary, copy after Rietschel[12]
- Martin Luther at Worms in Decorah, Iowa, U.S. (1911) on the campus of the Luther College, copy after Rietschel[13]
- in Dubuque, Iowa, U.S. (1921) on the campus of the Wartburg Theological Seminary, copy after Rietschel[14]
- in Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S. (1957) on the campus of the Concordia Theological Seminary, by {{ill|Friedrich Adolf Sötebier|de}}[15]
- in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. (1947) on the campus of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, by Hans Schuler[16]
- Luther at 38 in Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (1960) in front of the First Lutheran Church, copy after the one in Fort Wayne[17]
- in Mount Clemens, Michigan, U. S. (1930) at the Cadillac Memorial Gardens, copy after Rietschel[18]
- in Seguin, Texas, U.S. (1976) on the campus of the Texas Lutheran College, by Elmer Petersen[19]
- Martin Luther the Teacher, Martin Luther the Musician in Springfield, Ohio, U.S. (1956) on the Campus of the Wittenberg University, by A. Regis Milione[20]
- in St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S. (1921) on the campus of the Concordia College, copy after Rietschel[21]
- in Streator, Illinois, U.S. (1935) in the Hillcrest Memorial Park, copy after Rietschel[22]
- Luther Monument in Washington, D.C., U.S (1884), copy after Rietschel[23]
Literature - Otto Kammer: Reformationsdenkmäler des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts: Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, {{ISBN|3-374-02188-3}}.
- Christiane Theiselmann: Das Wormser Lutherdenkmal Ernst Rietschels (1856–1868) im Rahmen der Lutherrezeption des 19. Jahrhunderts. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Frankfurt am Main 1992, {{ISBN|3-631-44332-3}}.
- Familienblatt der Lutheriden-Vereinigung, 3. Band, Heft 5, 13. Jahrgang, Februar 1939. Digitalisat (PDF).
References 1. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor and Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor. (copy after)
2. ^Statues Hither & Dither: Dresden
3. ^Statues Hither & Dither: Eisleben
4. ^Statues Hither & Dither: Hamburg
5. ^Statues Hither & Dither: Norderney Luther
6. ^Statues Hither & Dither: Nürnberg
7. ^wfn.org: in memory of 180 years of Lutheranism in Brazil, 15 July 2004
8. ^Chile: First Luther Monument in Spanish-speaking Latin America, Lutherischer Weltbund, 6 February 2003
9. ^Om Lutherkirken lutherkirken.dk
10. ^Luther Statue on the University of Alberta Campus Map
11. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
12. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
13. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
14. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
15. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: Eintrag im Art Inventories Catalogue
16. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
17. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
18. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
19. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
20. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
21. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
22. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
23. ^Smithsonian American Art Museum: in Art Inventories Catalogue
External links {{Commonscat|Statues of Martin Luther}}{{Martin Luther|state=collapsed}} 2 : Monuments and memorials|Martin Luther |