| 词条 | Accident blackspot |
| 释义 |
In road safety management, an accident blackspot or black spot is a place where road traffic accidents have historically been concentrated. It may have occurred for a variety of reasons, such as a sharp drop or corner in a straight road, so oncoming traffic is concealed, a hidden junction on a fast road, poor or concealed warning signs at a cross-roads. For some decades treatment of accident blackspots (e.g. by signage, speed restrictions, improving sightlines, straightening bends, or speed cameras) was a mainstay of road safety policy, but current thinking has it that the benefits of these interventions are often overstated. Effects such as regression to the mean,[1] risk compensation[2]and accident migration combine to reduce the overall benefit. In some cases it has been claimed that the end result is an increase in overall casualties. In one notable experiment, a number of accident blackspots were "treated" with a null treatment—placement of a garden gnome, according to some reports. Accident rates at these points were found to have decreased significantly in the following period,{{cn|date=February 2013}} a finding which is taken as clear evidence supporting the theory of regression to the mean. See also
References
Footnotes1. ^UCL and PA Consulting Group for Department for Transport UK national safety camera programme - Four-year evaluation report December 2005 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125710/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/speedmanagement/nscp/nscp/coll_thenationalsafetycameraprog/thenationalsafetycameraprogr4598 |date=November 22, 2008 }} Appendix H describes the effects of RTM {{Wiktionary}}Czarny punkt2. ^{{cite paper|title=A driving-simulator test of Wilde's risk homeostasis theory|author=Jackson JSH, Blackman R|year=1994|publisher=Journal of Applied Psychology}} 1 : Road safety |
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