| 词条 | Melvin Grigsby |
| 释义 |
|name = Melvin Grigsby |image = Melvin Grigsby (South Dakota Attorney General).jpg |caption = From Volume 5 of 1915’s "History of Dakota Territory" by George W. Kingsbury |office1 = 3rd Attorney General of South Dakota |term_start1 = 1897 |term_end1 = 1899 |governor1 = Andrew E. Lee |preceded1 = Coe I. Crawford |succeeded1 = John L. Pyle |birth_date = {{birth date|1845|6|8}} |birth_place = Potosi, Wisconsin |death_date = {{death date and age|1917|2|15|1845|6|8}} |death_place = Birmingham, Alabama |restingplace = Mount Pleasant Cemetery |party = Republican (1866-1894, 1900-1917) People’s Party (1894-1900) |occupation = Attorney Bank president |spouse = Fannie Lou Kingsbury (m. 1873-1917, his death) |children = 4, including: Sioux K. Grigsby George Barnes Grigsby John T. Grigsby |allegiance = United States Union |branch = Union Army (Civil War) United States Army (Spanish–American War) |serviceyears = 1861–1865 (Union Army) 1898-1899 (U.S. Army) |rank = Colonel |unit = 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry (Civil War) |commands = 3rd United States Volunteer Cavalry (Spanish–American War) 1st Cavalry Brigade, First Army Corps (Spanish–American War) |battles = American Civil War Spanish–American War }} Melvin Grigsby (June 8, 1845 – February 15, 1917) was an American attorney, politician, and military leader from South Dakota. A Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, Grigsby was most notable for his service as South Dakota Attorney General and an organizer and commander of the 3rd United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish–American War. Early lifeMelvin Grigsby was born in the town of Potosi, Wisconsin on June 8, 1845,{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=62}} the son of William Etchison Grigsby and Rhoda (Thomas) Grigsby.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=314}} At the time of Grigsby's birth, his father worked as a lead miner, but when Grigsby was four his family relocated to a farm near Potsoi village, and Grigsby was raised to do farm work while receiving his early education in the village's public schools.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} As a teenager, he attended Lancaster Institute, a private academy in Lancaster, Wisconsin.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} Civil WarIn September 1861, Cadwallader C. Washburn visited Lancaster to recruit soldiers for the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} Grigsby obtained his father's consent and enlisted as a private in the regiment's Company C.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} Grigsby took part in several of the 2nd Wisconsin's engagements in and around Vicksburg, Mississippi and attained the rank of sergeant. On March 8, 1864, he was captured near the Big Black River and held as a prisoner of war. Grigsby spent a short amount of time at a prison camp in Canton, Mississippi, then was transferred to Cahaba Prison (Alabama), followed by transfer to Andersonville Prison (Georgia), and finally Florence Stockade in South Carolina.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} The majority of Grigsby's time as a POW, more than six months, was spent at Andersonville.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} Grigsby escaped once, but was quickly recaptured.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=314}} On January 10, 1865, he escaped from Florence Stockade.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=314}} Having been apprised of the Union Army's progress through updates from newly-captured soldiers brought into the prison, Grigsby decided to proceed south in hopes of meeting up with units of William T. Sherman’s force that was then in Savannah, Georgia as part of Sherman's March to the Sea.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=2}} Grigsby reached Union lines on February 1, and remained with Sherman's troops until they reached Goldsboro, North Carolina in March.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=2}} Post-Civil WarGrigsby was discharged at the end of the war and returned to Wisconsin.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=2}} He attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison for a year, then transferred to the Platteville Normal School, from which he graduated in 1869.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} After completing his education, Grigsby was a teacher and principal at the high school in Horicon, Wisconsin for a year, then served in a similar position at the high school in Darlington, Wisconsin.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} He was principal of the elementary school in Delavan, Wisconsin from 1871 to 1872.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} Grigsby studied law while teaching school, and completed his studies under attorney William Pitt Dewey of Lancaster.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=314}} He attained admission to the bar in the summer of 1872 and then undertook a trip to find a location in the Northwestern United States where he could establish a legal practice.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=314}} Move to South DakotaIn late June 1872, Grigsby arrived in Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory and decided to remain.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} He entered into a law practice and land selling partnership with Richard F. Pettigrew, which they maintained for four years.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} In 1877, Grigsby went into banking as the partner of George M. Smith, and they owned and operated the Bank of Egan, and later the Union Bank of Elk Point, both of which Grigsby served as the first president.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} Grigsby also became active in politics as a Republican, and served for two years as clerk of the courts for Minnehaha County, and two terms as a Sioux Falls city alderman.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} In 1886, Grigsby nearly won the party's nomination for Delegate to Congress,{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} and later that year he won a term in the territorial House of Representatives.{{sfn|Grigsby's Cowboys|page=63}} In the mid 1890s, Grigsby became an advocate of the free silver position with respect to US monetary policy, as well as other reform movements that led to the creation of the People's Party.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} He was an unsuccessful candidate for the South Dakota Senate in 1894, but in 1896, he ran successfully for South Dakota Attorney General, defeating the nominees of the Republican and Prohibition parties.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} As attorney general, Grigsby was responsible for ending the investigation into supposedly missing funds in the office of the State Auditor.{{sfn|"Report is Erroneous"|page=5}} After reviewing the allegations of the public examiner who made the charges, Grigsby reported that there enough errors and inconsistencies in the allegations that he would decline to prosecute the current and previous auditors.{{sfn|"Report is Erroneous"|page=5}} Spanish–American WarAt the start of the Spanish–American War in 1898, Grigsby offered his services to the federal government and volunteered to raise a cavalry unit from South Dakota and nearby states.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} Learning that Congress was considering legislation to allow the formation of volunteer regiments, he traveled to Washington, D.C. and succeeded in securing passage of an amendment that allowed for the raising of three cavalry regiments.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} As a result, the 1st Cavalry (Rough Riders) under Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt, 2nd Cavalry (Rocky Mountain Riders) under Jay L. Torrey, and 3rd Cavalry (Grigsby's Cowboys) under Grigsby were recruited, organized and trained.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} Grigsby commanded his regiment as a colonel during May and June 1898, which included its organization and training at Camp Thomas, Georgia.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} He was then promoted to command of 1st Cavalry Brigade, First Army Corps as an acting brigadier general, and he continued to lead the brigade until the end of the war.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} The Spanish–American War ended without the need for the 1st Cavalry Brigade to deploy overseas, and they were mustered out in September, 1899.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=317}} Grigsby remained interested in military service; in 1900, he offered to reform his regiment and lead it to China to protect U.S. interests during the Boxer Rebellion.{{sfn|"Rough Riders Ready"|page=3}} In 1904, he offered to raise a volunteer regiment to aid Japan during the Russo-Japanese War.{{sfn|"Col. Grigsby has a Scheme"|page=2}} Neither proposal was acted on by federal authorities.{{sfn|"Rough Riders Ready"|page=3}}{{sfn|"Col. Grigsby has a Scheme"|page=2}} Later careerBy 1900, Grigsby had returned to the Republican Party, in part because of a longstanding feud with Governor and Populist leader Andrew E. Lee.{{sfn|"Hon. Melvin Grigsby of the Rough Riders"|page=2}} In May, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt nominated Grigsby as United States Attorney for the Territory of Alaska’s second judicial district, based in Nome.{{sfn|"Gen. Grigsby Is Named"|page=1}} He was confirmed in June,{{sfn|"Appointment of Col. Melvin Grigsby is Confirmed||page=1}} and served until resigning in May, 1904.{{sfn|"Hon. Melvin Grigsby"|page=4}} Grigsby's tenure was controversial – he had not been recommended for the position by South Dakota's congressional delegation,{{sfn|"Gen. Grigsby Is Named"|page=1}} and he was later reprimanded by the Attorney General for spending part of the winter of 1903 outside Alaska despite explicit instructions not to leave.{{sfn|"Hon. Melvin Grigsby"|page=4}} In January 1904, Grigsby was accused of accepting a $10,000 bribe disguised as a legal fee in exchange for foregoing prosecution of an Alaska oil company.{{sfn|"Hon. Melvin Grigsby"|page=4}} He was exonerated of the bribery charge in March, and resigned in May, to be effective beginning in July.{{sfn|"Hon. Melvin Grigsby"|page=4}} Grigsby claimed that he was being supplanted because of favoritism and that he had taken the position in Alaska only to help one his sons, George Barnes Grigsby, establish a career of his own in Alaska.{{sfn|"Colonel Grigsby Returns to the State"|page=3}} In fact, Grisby's successor was Henry M. Hoyt, a cousin of the U.S. Solicitor General, also named Henry M. Hoyt.{{sfn|"Colonel Grigsby Returns to the State"|page=3}} In addition, George Grigsby, who had served as his father's Assistant U.S. Attorney, continued in the same position under Hoyt, and later served as U.S. Attorney himself.{{sfn|"Colorful Figure Fades From Scene"|page=23C}} Grigsby continued to practice law in Sioux Falls, and remained interested in politics, including attending Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 inauguration.{{sfn|"Indians Get Land"|page=6}} In addition, he was a sought-after public speaker, and was frequently called on to provide orations at Independence Day and Memorial Day commemorations and other public events.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby of Sioux Falls Will Give the Principal Address"|page=3}} In 1912, Grigsby was a supporter of Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive candidacy for president.{{sfn|"Grigs's Stock on Boom"|page=12}} He remained in the Republican Party and was a candidate for U.S. Senator, but lost the Republican nomination to Thomas Sterling, a fellow Roosevelt Republican who went on to win the general election.{{sfn|"Sterling Not Sure"|page=1}} When conflict between factions in the Mexican Civil War led to the possibility of U.S. military action to defend the U.S.-Mexico border, Grigsby offered to raise a volunteer force and lead it to Texas, but the federal government relied on mobilized National Guard units father than volunteers to perform this mission.{{sfn|"Col. Grigsby's Rough Riders"|page=8}} In 1916, Grigsby was again a supporter of Roosevelt for president, and ran unsuccessfully for delegate to the Republican National Convention.{{sfn|"Demuth Wins for Delegate"|page=6}} Death and burialIn 1916, Grigsby was diagnosed with anemia, and he spent time at a sanitorium in Battle Creek, Michigan to receive treatment.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} In January 1917, Grigsby announced a new law firm with his son John as his partner,{{sfn|"Form New Law Firm of Grigsby & Grigsby"|page=3}} and published accounts indicated he was also active in founding and managing the Stockyards Bank of Sioux Falls.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} He became ill later that month, and was diagnosed with pneumonia in addition to his anemic condition.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} He decided to travel to Birmingham, Alabama in the hopes that a warmer climate might prove restorative, but his health continued to decline, and he died in Birmingham on February 15, 1917.{{sfn|"Col. Melvin Grigsby is Called by Death"|page=1}} Grigsby was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Sioux Falls.{{sfn|"Grave of Melvin Grigsby"}} FamilyIn March 1873, Grigsby married Fannie Lou Kingsbury (1847-1924) in Delavan, Wisconsin.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=318}} They were the parents of Sioux, George, Fannie, and John.{{sfn|History of Dakota Territory|page=318}} Sioux K. Grigsby served in both houses of the South Dakota legislature, and was lieutenant governor from 1945 to 1949.{{sfn|"Colonel Melvin Grigsby and Family"|page=49}} George Barnes Grigsby served as U.S. Attorney in Nome, Alaska, Nome's mayor, Alaska Territory's first attorney general, and as Alaska Territory's Delegate to Congress.{{sfn|"Colonel Melvin Grigsby and Family"|page=49}} Fannie Lou Grigsby (1888-1985) married George Edwin Robinson.{{sfn|"Colonel Melvin Grigsby and Family"|page=49}} She was a professional musician, and after graduating from Chicago Musical College, she taught at Wheaton College and was the piano accompanist for the Chicago Opera Company.{{sfn|"Colonel Melvin Grigsby and Family"|page=49}} John T. Grigsby was a South Dakota attorney and politician, and served as lieutenant governor from 1929 to 1931.{{sfn|"Colonel Melvin Grigsby and Family"|page=49}} AuthorIn 1888, Grigsby authored a work on his Civil War experiences: {{cite book |last=Grigsby |first=Melvin |date=1888 |title=The Smoked Yank |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t6154fh5h;view=2up;seq=6 |location=Sioux Falls, SD |publisher=Dakota Bell Publishing |via=HathiTrust}} ReferencesSourcesBooks
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16 : 1845 births|1917 deaths|19th-century American politicians|People from Potosi, Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin–Platteville alumni|Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota|People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War|American military personnel of the Spanish–American War|Wisconsin lawyers|South Dakota Republicans|South Dakota Populists|South Dakota lawyers|South Dakota Attorneys General|Alaska Territory officials|American bank presidents|Burials in South Dakota |
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