| 词条 | Odoyevsky family |
| 释义 |
Prince Yuri Romanovich Odoyevsky the Black|dissolution=1869|final_ruler=|estate=Bolshevo in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast|deposition=1494}} The House of Odoyev (Odoyevsky; Russian: Одо{{acute}}евские) was a princely Rurikid family descended from the sovereign Princes / Dukes of Odoyev and Novosil. Their ancestors were the Upper Oka sovereigns who ruled the tiny Principality of Odoyev until 1494. In the following decade the family was absorbed into the ranks of Muscovite boyars. The Odoyevsky family died out in the mid-19th century. The family was listed in the 5th part ('titled nobility') of the dvoryanstvo registers of the Moscow and Vladimir regions[1]. HistoryThe royal House of Odoyev started in 1376, when Prince Roman Semyonovich of Novosil moved his seat from Novosil to Odoyev since the town was destroyed by Tatars[2]. According to the Velvet Book, the family traced their lineage from Prince Michael of Chernigov, Grand Duke of Kiev and Chernigov, a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church[3]. Up until the late 1400s, the House of Novosil and Odoyev balanced between Moscow, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Golden Horde. Through the 15th century, the House of Odoyev concluded many treaties with Lithuania under the condition of internal autonomy and independence in the politics towards Moscow and Ryazan[4]. The first appanage prince of Odoyev was Yuriy Romanovich Odoyevsky, nicknamed 'the Black' (d. 1427). In 1494 he submitted to Duke Ivan III of Moscow and the Princes of Odoyev became vassal serving princes (sluzhilye kniazya) at the Moscow court[5]. In the late 1500s, the Odoyevsky princes finally lost their principality to Ivan the Terrible and entered regular boyar aristocracy. In the 1500s — 1600s, the Odoyevsky family served at the Moscow court as boyars and voivodes. The house produced 13 boyars[1]. The voivodes from the Odoyevsky family participated in many battles of the 16th century, and were especially marked in the battles with the Tatars and in the Kazanian Campaign of Ivan the Terrible. Prince Nikita Romanovich Odoevsky (d. 1573) entered Oprichnina. As a boyar and a member of Oprichnina, he had been a leader in many battles. He was the voivode at the battle with the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray. He headed the troops in the battle with the Cherimisy of 1572 after their uprising[6]. In 1573, soon after he was appointed the voivode on the Oka, he suddenly fell from grace, was captured and tortured to death[6]. His grandson, Prince Nikita Ivanovich Odoyevsky (d. 1689), was the viceroy in Astrakhan and Vladimir, ran the Prikaz (ministry) of Siberia and the Prikaz of the Kazanian palace[1]. He supervised the making of the Code of 1648 (Ulozhenie), was the head of the Grand Treasury and the Ministries of the Reiter and Foreign Regiments[1]. In 1682 he signed the Decree annulling the Mestnichestvo[1]. In the 1700s —1800s, the Odoyevsky family was part of the highest aristocracy. However, despite their illustrious background, the Odoyevskies occupied relatively mediocre ranks and offices, such as colonels, ministerial officials and junior generals, while many family members had regular junior officer's ranks[1]. Prince Alexander Ivanovich Odoyevsky (1802 —1839), a cornet of the Imperial guards, was a member of the Decembrists' Northern Society and took part in the Revolt of 1825[1]. He was sentenced to katorga, but in 1837 he was conveyed to the Cacasus in the rank of private[1]. The last member of the Odoyevsky family, Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoyevsky (1803 —1869) was a writer, philosopher and a musical critic; he served as an employee at a few institutions; since 1846 he was the assistant to the head of the Russian imperial public library and the curator of the Rumyantsev museum[1]. Since 1861 he was appointed a Senator[1]. He died childless[1]. In 1878 staff-rotmister of the Imperial guards, Nikolay Maslov, the son of Sofia Ivanovna Odoyevskaya, was allowed by Emperor Alexander II to name himself Odoyevsky-Maslov, and merge his own coat-of-arms with that of his mother's family to pass it down to his senior male descendants.[1] Later Nikolay Odoyevsky-Maslov became the general of the Cavalry and the interim ataman of the Cossack troops, however he also died childless[1]. Notable members
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Федорченко В. Дворянские роды, прославившие Отечество. Энциклопедия дворянских родов. ОЛМА Медиа Групп, 2003. 2. ^Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 269. 3. ^Бархатная книга/http://krotov.info/acts/17/krizhanich/barhat.html 4. ^Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. 5. ^Серова Л. Невелик городок Одоев//Наука и жизнь. №8, 1999/https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9564/ 6. ^1 Одоевский, князь Никита Романович // Русский биографический словарь: В 25 т. / под наблюдением А. А. Половцова. 1896—1918., 167 3 : Russian noble families|Rurikids|Russian royal houses |
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