| 词条 | Bernhard Rogge |
| 释义 |
|name=Bernhard Rogge |birth_date={{birth date|1899|11|4|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1982|6|29|1899|11|4|df=y}} |birth_place=Schleswig |death_place=Reinbek |image=Bernhard Rogge.jpg |image_size=160px |caption= |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} {{flag|West Germany}} |branch=Kriegsmarine West German Navy |serviceyears=1915–45 1957–62 |rank=Vizeadmiral Konteradmiral |commands=SSS Niobe (in deputize) SSS Gorch Fock SSS Albert Leo Schlageter Auxiliary cruiser {{ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Atlantis||2}} |unit= |battles=World War II |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Great Cross of Merit |laterwork=}} Bernhard Rogge (4 November 1899 – 29 June 1982) was a German naval officer of Jewish descent who, during World War II, commanded a merchant raider. Later, he became a Konteradmiral in West Germany's navy. Rogge became a Vizeadmiral (vice-admiral) by the end of World War II, and, when the West German navy was established after the war, returned to service as a Konteradmiral (rear-admiral). He also was one of the few German officers of flag rank who was not arrested by the Allies after the war. This was due to the way he had exercised his command of {{ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Atlantis||2}}. Early lifeRogge was born in Schleswig, the son of a Lutheran minister, and was himself devoutly religious.[1] Rogge was one of many German officers who were forced to apply for a German Blood Certificate, that would allow their racial background to be overlooked (he had a Jewish grandparent).[2] His wife, Anneliese née Frahm, committed suicide on 4 September 1939. The next day, his mother-in-law also ended her life willingly. J. Armstrong White, captain of the British {{ship||City of Baghdad|liner|2}}, which Atlantis sank in July 1941, stated, "His treatment of prisoners left respect, instead of hatred". White later wrote the foreword to Atlantis, the Story of a German Surface Raider, written by U. Mohr & A. V. Sellwood. Admiral Karl Dönitz, who was prosecuted for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials, cited his own support of Rogge in an effort to clear himself of the charge of being antisemitic.[3] Rogge confirmed the death sentence of the 21-year-old sailor Johann Christian Süss. Süss was sentenced to death on 10 May 1945, two days after the German capitulation, for "undermining the discipline" and "disruptive speeches" based on paragraph 5 numeral 2 of the Kriegssonderstrafrechtsverordnung (KSSVO—Special War Criminal Regulation). Süss was executed by firing squad on 11 May 1945.[4] Awards
Works
ReferencesCitations1. ^Gossage & Levitt 2012, p. 21. 2. ^Kansas Press {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314053047/http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/righitpix.html |date=2015-03-14 }} 3. ^Leon Goldensohn. The Nuremberg Interviews. Vintage Books. New York. 2004. {{ISBN|1-4000-3043-9}}. 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-46273234.html|title=BORDGERICHT: S. Zt. erschossen|date=1965-07-07|work=Der Spiegel|access-date=2017-10-21|volume=28}} 5. ^1 Thomas 1998, p. 222. 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Dörr 1996, p. 180. 7. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 362. 8. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 56. 9. ^Rogge, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Frank. Under Ten Flags. New York: Ballantine, 1960. {{OCLC|14954520}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Dörr |first=Manfred |year=1996 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 2: L–Z |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2497-6 }}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|last1=Gossage |first1=Carolyn |last2=Levitt |first2=Peter |year=2012 |title=The Accidental Captives: The Story of Seven Women Alone in Nazi Germany |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9mIr1WMdC8C&pg=PA21&dq=%22This+devoutly+religious+son+of+a+North+German+Lutheran+pastor%22&hl=en |location= |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-84885-991-3 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
|last=Thomas |first=Franz |year=1998 |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 }}{{Refend}} External links
| portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=World War I | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rogge, Bernhard}} 17 : 1899 births|1982 deaths|People from Schleswig|People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein|Vice admirals of the Kriegsmarine|Bundesmarine admirals|German Christians|Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves|Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|German military personnel of World War I|German people of Jewish descent|Imperial German Navy personnel|Reichsmarine personnel|Counter admirals of the German Navy|20th-century Freikorps personnel |
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