1. History

2. Military Stockades

3. Ngaio

4. Khandallah

5. Johnsonville and Glenside

6. Tawa

7. Porirua

8. Further reading

9. References

The Old Porirua Road in the 19th century was the main road north up the west coast from Wellington to Porirua in New Zealand. It ran from Kaiwarra (now Kaiwharawhara) up the Ngaio Gorge to Ngaio (then called Crofton), Khandallah, Johnsonville and Tawa to the Porirua Harbour. Most of the road still exists, although many sections are now local roads only, having been superseded as through roads.

History

The road followed the route of a Māori track which was not suitable for wheeled vehicles. In the early 1840s "it was usually easier to pile up the timber and burn it" than to transport logs out; at Boxhill in Khandallah the atrocious road condition could require eight or ten bullocks to pull carts through.{{sfn|Bremner|1983|p=22}}

William Mein Smith and the New Zealand Company cleared bush alongside the track and widened it in 1841, allowing the sale of sections along it from June. In February 1843 the company widened it to {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=off|spell=in}} and cleared bush to {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=off|spell=in}} either side. Labourers got 14 shillings a week, and skilled carpenters and bricklayers £4; accommodation was not provided and most used tents.{{sfn|Cassells|1988|p=9}}

Settlement stopped at The Halfway (now Glenside) north of Johnsonville because the Ngāti Toa under Te Rauparaha and his nephew Te Rangihaeata questioned Colonel Wakefield’s land purchases in the Porirua Basin. They destroyed bridges, felled trees on the track and posted warning notices. In late 1845 the government reinforced the two companies of soldiers in Wellington with six hundred more troops. A show of force in the Hutt Valley ended with Ngāti Toa given £2000 (in instalments) for the disputed land at Porirua.{{sfn|Cassells|1988|p=9}}

After the "Maori scare" of 1845-46 Governor Grey had the road from Jackson's Ferry or Fort Elliott in Porirua and The Barracks at Paremata to Wellington upgraded to {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=off|spell=in}} wide by soldiers of the 58th and 99th Regiments under Captain Andrew Russell, assisted by Maori labourers. They were paid 2s (shillings) or 2s 6d per day; or 2s for the chief in charge and 1s for labourers. This employment was "very popular".{{sfn|Carman|1982|pp=29,41}} The road from Jackson's Ferry at the south head of Porirua Harbour to the Hawtrey Church was seven miles and four chains (11.3 km) long and cost little more than £700 per mile.{{sfn|Carman|1982|pp=27-31}}{{sfn|Cassells|1988|pp=7-11}}{{sfn|Bremner|1983|p=22}}{{sfn|Meyer|1990|p=17}}

The upgrading opened in December 1847 but was not completed until the end of 1848, well after any hostilities. Later travellers said that "The road that used to be so bad and dangerous is now nearly a pleasant ride, and in the course of a month will be open all the way through for carriages and carts" (Power, an Army officer). Bishop Selwyn wrote in 1848: "what an agreeable change from former journeys through the deep mud and fallen trees and the totara flats. A road perfectly smooth and almost level .... "{{sfn|Cassells|1988|pp=7-11}}

Military Stockades

Stockades were erected along the road in the 1840s: Clifford's Stockade in Johnsonville; Middleton's Stockade near the Half Way in Johnsonville; McCoy's Stockade and Leigh's Stockade in Tawa and Fort Elliott in Porirua.{{sfn|Bremner|1983|p=14}}{{sfn|Cassells|1988|pp=7-11}} There were also sentry boxes or posts on Mount Misery (Khandallah) "the coldest sentry box in town", and possibly Sentry Hill and Boxhill.{{sfn|Carman|1982|pp=29,47}}{{sfn|Bremner|1983|p=14}}

They were named after officers in charge: ;{{sfn|Carman|1982|pp=29,47}}

Militia Captain Charles Clifford (later a politician); Lieut. L. R. Elliott & Lieut Chas E. Leigh (99th Regt.); Lieut Thos R. McCoy (65th Regt.) and Ensign Fredk. D. Middleton (58th Regt.).

Ngaio

The Old Porirua Road above the Ngaio Gorge is now a local road. The lower level Ngaio Gorge Road which is now the main access to Ngaio was upgraded in the 1920s to take motor traffic.{{sfn|Bremner|1987|pp=60,61}}

Khandallah

The road is now called Cockayne Road, and goes to Boxhill; where it joined the Bridle Track which goes down to north of Kaiwharawhara.{{sfn|Meyer|1990|p=17}} The section to Johnsonville was built by Government surveyor Thomas Fitzgerald as no road contractors would accept the risk. Civilians used “bill hooks, mauls, mattocks, picks and crowbars” for the {{convert|1+1/4|mi|km|spell=in}} at a cost of £721.{{sfn|Bremner|1983|p=22}}

Access to Khandallah was improved by construction of Onslow Road in the 1920s, and Burma Road to Johnsonville (superseding the Fraser Avenue section of the Old Porirua Road) was completed in 1936.{{sfn|Bremner|1987|pp=60,61}}

Johnsonville and Glenside

Through Johnsonville the road went to the left of St John's Anglican (or Hawtrey) Church and down the “steep pinch” of Bassett Road from the intersection with Clifford Road, and having a grade so steep that it was called "Russell’s Folly". A horse-drawn wagon carrying two muzzle-loading cannon rolled off it into the swamp below, from where it was retrieved in the 1920s.{{sfn|Carman|1982|pp=30,31}}{{sfn|Meyer|1990|pp=17,19}}

On 20 October 1850 a meeting at The Halfway complained about the steep and dangerous roads up Kaiwarra Hill and “Russell’s Folly” from Johnsonville to The Halfway. Tenders were called in 1854 for a new road to the Halfway from the Anglican Church to Mr Drake's farm; this became Middleton Road. A road up the Ngauranga Gorge from Ngauranga to Johnsonville was opened in 1858; it joined Johnsonville Road at Fraser Avenue.{{sfn|Meyer|1990|pp=17,19}} The section of the Old Porirua Road from Khandallah was renamed Fraser Avenue after the Prime Minister Peter Fraser by the Johnsonville Town Board on 6 November 1941,{{sfn|Meyer|1990|p=68}}

Tawa

McCoy's Stockade was at the junction with the Takapu Valley road and Leigh's Stockade was at the junction with Oxford Street in Tawa, at the southern end and about where Mexted's Service Station is. The route of the Old Porirua Road through Tawa is now marked by bronze plaques in the footpath. The original route via Oxford Street was superseded by the present main road through the shopping centre when an obstructing bluff was removed. Tawa was called "Tawa Flat" until 1959{{sfn|Cassells|1988|pp=11,73,84}}

Porirua

Fort Elliott at Porirua was originally on the flat near the Porirua Stream estuary where the Porirua railway station is now, but was moved to a bluff over the road after flooding in 1846, The garrison comprised 2 officers and 60 men in October 1846.{{sfn|Cassells|1988|pp=7-11}}

Further reading

• {{cite book |last= Bremner |first= Julie |title= Wellington’s Northern Suburbs 1840-1918 |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 1983 |publisher= Millwood Press |location= Wellington |isbn= 0-908582-59-5 |oclc= |page= |pages= }}
• {{cite book |last= Bremner |first= Julie |title= Wellington’s Northern Suburbs 1919-1945 |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 1987 |publisher= Millwood Press |location= Wellington |isbn= 0-908582-80-3 |oclc= |page= |pages= }}
• {{cite book |last= Carman |first= Arthur |title= Tawa Flat and the Old Porirua Road: 1840-1982 |accessdate= |edition= 3 |origyear= 1956 |year= 1982 |publisher= Wright and Carman |location= Wellington |isbn= |oclc= |page= |pages= }}
• {{cite book |last= Cassells |first= Ken R. |title= Tawa: Enterprise and Endeavour |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 1988 |publisher= Tawa Borough Council |location= Wellington |isbn= 0-473-00715-0 |oclc= |page= |pages= }}
• {{cite book |last= Meyer |first= R J (Bob) |title= Up in the Hills: a history of Johnsonville |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 1990 |publisher= Northern Suburbs Community Newspaper Trust |location= Wellington |isbn= 0-473-00925-0 |oclc= |page= |pages= }}

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