请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Opposition to Brexit in the United Kingdom
释义

  1. Marches

      The March for Europe, July 2016    The March for Europe, September 2016    Unite for Europe    The People's March for Europe    StopBrexit Manchester    StopBrexit Leeds    People's Vote march, 2018   The People's Vote March for the Future   People's Vote march, 2019  

  2. Joint campaigning

     People's Vote   Britain for Europe    European Movement UK   Healthier IN the EU  Our Future Our Choice  Scientists for EU 

  3. Other events

     Viral petition to revoke Article 50  Postcards from the 48%  Last Night of the Proms  No. 10 Vigil boat trips 

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Short description|Anti-Brexit stances in the UK}}{{Use British English|date=May 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{United Kingdom in the European Union}}

Since the United Kingdom's vote to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum, a number of demonstrations have taken place and organisations formed whose goal has been to oppose, reverse or otherwise impede that decision.

Marches

{{Brexit sidebar}}

The March for Europe, July 2016

The first March for Europe took place in London on 2 July 2016, shortly after the Brexit referendum on 23 June 2016, and was attended by thousands of people.[1][2]

The March for Europe, September 2016

The second March for Europe took place in London on 3 September 2016 and was attended by thousands of people.[3] It was one of a number of events to take place on the day, including rallies in Edinburgh and Birmingham. Pro-Brexit demonstrators staged a counter-protest at one location along the marching route.[4]

Unite for Europe

The Unite for Europe march, which coincided with the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, was held in London on 25 March 2017, and the Independent reported that police estimated 100,000 people attended.[5]

The People's March for Europe

The People's March Ltd came into being in July 2017,[6] to help ensure that a march planned for 9 September 2017 in London went ahead.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} The event began with a march and was followed by speeches in Parliament Square.[7] The event was attended by thousands of people and was part of a series of protests dubbed "the Autumn of discontent".[8] Over 50,000 people took to the streets under the banner "Unite, Rethink, Reject Brexit" marching from Hyde Park to Parliament Square[9] followed by a rally with speakers from the remain movement and from across the political spectrum and received broad media coverage.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

StopBrexit Manchester

The StopBrexit Manchester march was held in All Saints Park, Manchester, on 1 October 2017, to coincide with the Conservative Party conference. The event consisted of a rally followed by a march through central Manchester, and finishing with a street party organised by local pro-EU groups.[10] An estimated 30,000 people took part in this event.[11][12]

StopBrexit Leeds

The StopBrexit Leeds march was held on 24 March 2018 in Leeds. The march assembled at The Headrow in central Leeds and ended with a rally at The Headrow,[13][14] with thousands of people reported to have attended.[15][16] Leeds for Europe organised the march.[13][14]

People's Vote march, 2018

On 23 June 2018, the second anniversary of the EU referendum, People's Vote organised a march and protest from Trafalgar Square to Parliament Square in Central London. Speakers included Liberal Democrat leader Vince Cable, Green Party co-leader Caroline Lucas, Labour's David Lammy and the Conservatives' Anna Soubry. The organisers said that at least 100,000 people attended the march. A smaller pro-Brexit march was held in London on the same date.[17][18]

The People's Vote march was not designed to reverse the result of the referendum, but to hold a public vote on the final terms of the UK's EU exit deal.[19] The organisers said Brexit was "not a done deal" and Cable said "Brexit is not inevitable. Brexit can be stopped."[20]{{Contradict-inline|date=August 2018|reason=directly contradicts 'was not designed to reverse the result of the referendum' in preceding sentence}} The Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn was criticised for not attending the march.[21]

The People's Vote March for the Future

On 20 October 2018, organisers claimed that 700,000 people attended the march jointly organised by People's Vote and the UK newspaper The Independent, although police were unable to verify the number.[22][23] A later official estimate reported the number to be 250,000.[24] The aim of the march was to secure a vote on the final Brexit deal. The march organisers stated: "Whether you voted leave or remain, nobody voted to make this country worse off, to harm jobs, to damage the NHS, to affect the future of millions of young people, or to make this country more divided. The more the shape of the final Brexit deal becomes clear, the more it is clear that it will do nothing to improve social justice, reduce inequality, increase our standard of living, or create a better future for future generations."[25]

A number of celebrities, including Delia Smith, Ian McEwan, Sir Patrick Stewart and Charlie Mullins, stated that they would fund coach travel to London, to enable those wishing to attend the march to do so.[26][27] If the organisers' stated estimate of the attendance was correct, then the event was the second-largest protest of the 21st century in the UK, after the "Stop the War" anti-Iraq War march in 2003.[28]

People's Vote march, 2019

{{main|2019 People's Vote March}}

A second People's Vote march took place in London on 23 March 2019.[29][30] The main purpose of the march was to call for a second referendum. The organisers suggested that a million people took part; independent verification by experts in crowd estimation put the figure at between 312,000 and 400,000.[31][32]

Joint campaigning

Members of national groups, including Britain for Europe, European Movement UK, Open Britain, conduct joint campaigns in various towns and cities of the UK.[33][34]

In March 2018 six national groups moved into a shared Remain office in Millbank Tower, London, in order to pool their resources for campaigning.[35][36]

People's Vote

{{main|People's Vote}}

Launched in April 2018, People's Vote is a UK campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal. The campaign comprises nine anti-Brexit groups,[37] including eight operating from Millbank Tower. The groups include the five listed below, plus For our Future's Sake (FFS), InFacts, and Open Britain, along with Wales for Europe working from Wales.[38][39]

Britain for Europe

Britain for Europe was established shortly after the EU referendum. It is an independent pressure group and umbrella organisation for grassroot activists from around the UK.[40] It lobbies in favour of the UK remaining in the EU.[41][42] The group organises marches, conferences, meetings, and national campaigns. It is a founding member of People's Vote.[43]

The Chair of Britain for Europe is Tom Brufatto.[44] Britain for Europe is organised from the grassroots membership.[43]

The organisation has about sixty member affiliated groups including:[45]

{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
  • Camden for Europe[46]
  • Devon for Europe[47]
  • Bath for Europe[48]
  • Berkshire for Europe{{r|bfegroups}}[49]
  • Bristol for Europe{{r|bfegroups|bristol}}
  • EU in Brum{{r|guardian}}
  • Leeds for Europe[50]
  • Perth for Europe{{r|bfegroups}}
{{div col end}}

In January 2017, the affiliate group Leeds for Europe formed. It campaigns against Brexit in the city of Leeds and elsewhere in West Yorkshire.[51] Leeds for Europe is also affiliated to the European Movement UK.

European Movement UK

European Movement UK is an organisation which campaigns in support of greater European integration and for reform of the EU. It is part of the European Movement International, which pushes for a "democratic, federal, enlarged European Union".[52]

Formed in 1949, it campaigned for Britain to remain in the EU in the 2016 referendum and continues to oppose Brexit in collaboration with other major pro-European campaign groups such as Open Britain and Britain for Europe.[52]

Healthier IN the EU

Healthier IN the EU was co-founded in 2016 by Mike Galsworthy, Rob Davidson,[53] and Martin McKee. Its advisory board included former Chief Executive of the NHS in England Nigel Crisp, former Minister for Health John Bowis, former Chief Medical Officer for Scotland Harry Burns, former President of the Royal College of Physicians Ian Gilmore, President of Royal College of Psychiatrists Simon Wessely, and the editor of The Lancet, Richard Horton. Healthier in the EU is a grassroots organization making the health case for continued EU membership.[54][55]

Shortly before the 2017 general election, Healthier IN the EU and Vote Leave Watch organised an open letter calling on the Conservative Party to commit to spending an extra £350m per week on the NHS after Brexit. The letter was signed by some of the UK's leading medical professionals.[56] The amount of £350m per week corresponded to the savings attributable to Brexit claimed by the Vote Leave campaign. Following the publication of the letter, foreign secretary Boris Johnson received negative press coverage for falsely claiming that the pledge was already in the Conservative Party election manifesto.[57]

Healthier IN the EU is a founding member of People's Vote.[36][63]

Our Future Our Choice

Our Future Our Choice (OFOC) was incorporated as a company on 19 February 2018[58] and is aimed towards young adults.[59][60] Its four founding members are Femi Oluwole (spokesman), Calum Millbank-Murphy (spokesman), Lara Spirit (co-president) and Will Dry (co-president).[61][62]

Our Future Our Choice is a founding member of People's Vote.[63]

Scientists for EU

Scientists for EU is a pro-EU research advocacy group. It was co-founded by scientists Mike Galsworthy and Rob Davison on 8 May 2015, the day after the UK general election 2015.[63][64] Its advisory board included high-profile UK scientists, including former EU chief scientific advisor Anne Glover, and MPs from different political parties.[64] Galsworthy articulated two concerns that Scientists for EU aimed to address: "first, a lack of clarity and cohesion within the community on EU benefits and Brexit risks; and, secondly, a lack of public understanding on the UK/EU relationship in science."[65]

Following the referendum, hundreds of scientists contacted Scientists for EU voicing concerns about the future of scientific research in the UK after Brexit, many saying they planned to leave the UK; for some, xenophobia was a significant concern.[66][67] Programme Director Galsworthy concluded, "It is clear that the UK has overnight become less attractive as a place to do science."[66]

Scientists for EU has continued to publicize the benefits of EU membership for Britain and the negative consequences of Brexit for science and healthcare, including uncertainty over immigration and funding, and the loss of influence over EU regulations and policy.[68]

In February 2018 George Soros's Open Society Foundations donated £500,000 to a number of groups opposing Brexit including £35,000 to Scientists for EU.[69][70]

Scientists for EU is a founding member of People's Vote.[71]

Other events

Viral petition to revoke Article 50

In March 2019, an e-petition launched on the UK Parliament petitions website reached over 6 million signatures within a week, becoming the largest petition in UK history, and the fastest-growing.[72][73] This surge in signatures has been attributed to a speech given by Theresa May in a state address which was perceived to accuse MPs for 'frustrating' Brexit.[74] The petition was later referenced by Donald Tusk, the President of the European Council, who warned that the UK Government "cannot betray the six million people".[75]

Postcards from the 48%

David Wilkinson's full-length film Postcards from the 48% opened on 23 June 2018 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival and went on general release on 6 July 2018.[76][77] The documentary was made by, and featured, members of the 48% of voters who chose Remain in the referendum.[78] A reviewer for The Times wrote that it "gives voice to the fears and the hopes of the nation's discontented remainers".[79]

Last Night of the Proms

Anti-Brexit campaigners gave away EU flags to audience members at the last night of The Proms in 2016[80] and 2017.[81]

No. 10 Vigil boat trips

The No. 10 Vigil campaign group, which holds regular demonstrations outside Downing Street, organized a boat trip on the Thames on 19 August 2017.[82] A subsequent boat trip occurred on 24 July 2018.[83]

See also

  • "Bollocks to Brexit"

References

1. ^{{Cite news | last = Buckley | first = Martha |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36692990|title=Thousands at 'March for Europe' Brexit protest|work=BBC News|language=en-GB| date = 2 July 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite news| last = Vulliamy | first = Ed | author-link = Ed Vulliamy |url= https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/02/march-for-europe-eu-referendum-london-protest|title='We are the 48%': tens of thousands march in London for Europe|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB| date = 2 July 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite news| last = Press Association | author-link = Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/03/pro-eu-protesters-join-march-for-europe-demos-around-uk|title=March for Europe: pro-EU campaigners join demos around UK|work=The Guardian |language=en-GB| date = 3 September 2016 |access-date=8 April 2018}}
4. ^{{Cite news| last = Staff writer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-uk-leaves-the-eu-37265840|title=Brexit protest: March for Europe rallies held across UK |work=BBC News|language=en-GB| date = 3 September 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}
5. ^{{Cite news | last1 = Roberts | first1 = Rachel |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/bbc-bias-pro-remain-pro-brexit-coverage-lack-of-too-much-unite-for-europe-trigger-article-50-a7651191.html|title=BBC under fire for 'lack of coverage' of pro-EU march|work=The Independent|language=en-GB|date=26 March 2017|access-date=20 November 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/10859289 |title =THE PEOPLE'S MARCH LTD |accessdate=10 March 2019 }}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://peoplesmarch4eu.org/the-event|title=The Event & Speakers 9.9.2017 |website=peoplesmarch4eu.org|publisher = The People's March for Europe|language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}}
8. ^{{Cite news| last = Chaplain | first = Chloe|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/peoples-march-for-eu-thousands-of-antibrexit-activists-set-to-descend-on-parliament-in-autumn-of-a3630546.html|title=People's March for EU: Thousands of anti-Brexit activists descend on central London in 'Autumn of Discontent' protest|work=London Evening Standard|language=en-GB | date = 9 September 2017|access-date=8 April 2018}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/thousands-march-in-london-anti-brexit-protest-1.3215751|title=Thousands march in London anti-Brexit protest|website=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=2019-01-24}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.stopbrexitmarch.com/stop-brexit-in-manchester|title=#StopBrexit Manchester March|website = stopbrexitmarch.com | publisher = Stop Brexit March |language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}}
11. ^{{Cite news| last1 = Johnson | first1 = Helen | last2 = Williams | first2 = Jennifer | last3 = Coyle | first3 = Simon | last4 = Day | first4 = Rebecca |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/live-protests-manchester-conservative-conference-13699949|title=Tens of thousands take part in Stop Brexit and anti-austerity protests in city centre - as it happened | work = Manchester Evening News|language=en-GB| date = 1 October 2017|access-date=8 April 2018}}
12. ^{{Cite news |last=Broome |first=Cameron |url=http://mancunion.com/2017/10/01/thousands-attend-stop-brexit-march |title=Thousands attend 'Stop Brexit' Manchester march |work = The Mancunion |language=en-GB |date = 1 October 2017 |access-date=8 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419005453/http://mancunion.com/2017/10/01/thousands-attend-stop-brexit-march/ |archivedate=19 April 2018 |deadurl=yes}}
13. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.stopbrexitmarch.com/stop-brexit-great-northern-march-leeds|title=The #GreatNorthernMarch in Leeds |website=stopbrexitmarch.com | publisher = #StopBrexit |language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}}
14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.leedsforeurope.org/great-northern-march|title=The Great Northern March - 24/03/18|website=leedsforeurope.org| publisher = Leeds for Europe|language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}}
15. ^{{Cite news | last = Oscroft | first = Katie |url=http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2018-03-24/thousands-join-one-of-biggest-anti-brexit-rallies-in-north|title=Thousands join one of biggest anti-Brexit rallies in north|work=ITV News|language=en-GB|date=24 March 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}
16. ^{{Cite news | last = Staff writer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-43527517|title=Thousands march in Leeds anti-Brexit protest|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|date = 24 March 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44586638|title=Brexit: Marchers demand final Brexit deal vote|work=BBC News|date=23 June 2018|accessdate=25 June 2018}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/live-thousands-marching-for-vote-on-final-brexit-deal-11414177 |title='At least 100,000' march for vote on final Brexit deal |publisher=Sky News |date=23 June 2018 |accessdate=18 September 2018}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-london-protest-march-second-eu-referendum-saturday-latest-vote-a8413286.html|title=Brexit march: Tens of thousands take to London streets to demand new referendum on terms of EU departure|newspaper=The Independent|date=23 June 2018|accessdate=25 June 2018}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anti-brexit-march-london-today-2018-06-23/|title=Tens of thousands anti-Brexit protesters march in London, demand new vote|work=CBS News|date=23 June 2018|accessdate=25 June 2018}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44592989|title=Labour frontbenchers defend no show at anti-Brexit march|work=BBC News|date=24 June 2018|accessdate=25 June 2018}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-45925542|title=People's Vote march: 'Hundreds of thousands' attending London protest|publisher=BBC News|date=20 October 2018}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.peoples-vote.uk/march |title=People's Vote and The Independent March for the Future |publisher=People's Vote UK |accessdate=11 October 2018}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/01/05/peoples-vote-march-attended-third-number-organisers-claimed/|title=People's Vote march was attended by a third of number that organisers claimed, official estimate says|last=Malnick|first=Edward|date=5 January 2019|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=5 January 2019}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.peoples-vote.uk/march|title=People's Vote and The Independent March for the Future|website=People's Vote}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/people-s-vote-march-full-list-of-celebrities-funding-coaches-for-people-attending-brexit-protest-1-4811663 |title=People’s Vote march: full list of celebrities funding coaches for people attending Brexit protest |date=8 October 2018|accessdate=11 October 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/oct/06/stars-line-up-to-pay-coach-travel-to-brexit-peoples-vote-march |title=Stars line up to pay for coach travel to Brexit 'people's vote' march |date=6 October 2018|accessdate=11 October 2018}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2018/oct/20/peoples-vote-march-london-second-referendum-brexit-live|title=People's Vote march: '700,000' rally for new Brexit referendum|last=Busby|first=Mattha|date=20 October 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=20 October 2018}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2019/mar/23/brexit-hundreds-of-thousands-expected-to-march-for-peoples-vote-london-live-updates|title=Brexit march: '1 million' rally for people's vote - live updates|last=Quinn|first=Sarah Marsh Ruth|date=2019-03-23|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-23|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47678763|title=Hundreds of thousands join Brexit protest|last=|first=|date=2019-03-23|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-03-23|language=en-GB}}
31. ^{{cite news |last1=Stokel-Walker |first1=Chris |title=We counted all the people on the Brexit march so you don't have to |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/brexit-march-peoples-vote-crowd-size |work=Wired UK |date=25 March 2019}}
32. ^{{cite web|date=25 March 2019|title=There almost certainly weren’t a million people on the People’s Vote march|url=https://fullfact.org/europe/peoples-vote-march-count/|website=Full Fact|access-date=28 March 2019}}
33. ^{{cite news| last = Read | first = Jonathon|title=Events: How you can help the grassroots anti-Brexit campaigns| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161100/http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/anti-brexit-events-in-my-local-area-including-protests-marches-and-socials-1-5464362 | archive-date = 18 April 2018|url=http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/anti-brexit-events-in-my-local-area-including-protests-marches-and-socials-1-5464362|work=The New European|date=5 April 2018|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Action Days |url=https://www.britainforeurope.org/actiondays|website=britainforeurope.org| publisher =Britain for Europe|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
35. ^{{cite news| last = Forrester | first = Kate|title=Six pro-EU groups move to new shared office for Brexit fightback|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/six-pro-eu-groups-move-to-new-shared-office-for-brexit-fightback_uk_5aa6a266e4b009b705d4d05a|work=HuffPost UK|date=12 March 2018|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
36. ^1 {{cite news| last = Mason | first = Rowena | title = Groups opposed to hard Brexit join forces under Chuka Umunna | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/feb/01/groups-opposed-to-hard-brexit-join-forces-under-chuka-umunna |work=The Guardian|date=1 February 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/europe/uk-vote-brexit-referendum.html|title=Could the U.K. Vote Again on Brexit? The Prospects Are Rising|first=Stephen|last=Castle|date=21 April 2018|publisher=|accessdate=21 April 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}
38. ^{{cite news | last = Porritt | first = Richard | title = Campaign launched to push for People’s Vote | url = http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/second-brexit-vote-campaign-launch-1-5476745 | work = The New European | date = 15 April 2018 | access-date = 21 April 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web | last = Staff writer | title = Launch of the new national People’s Vote campaign | url = https://www.open-britain.co.uk/launch_of_the_new_national_people_s_vote_campaign | website = open-britain.co.uk | publisher = Open Britain | date = 15 April 2018 | access-date = 21 April 2018}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bristolforeurope.com/ | website = bristolforeurope.com |title=Home page |publisher=Bristol for Europe |date= 26 February 2018|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britainforeurope.org/ | website = britainforeurope.org |title=Home page |publisher=Britain for Europe |date= 26 February 2018|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
42. ^{{cite news| last = Harris | first = John|title=Pro-EU campaign groups join forces to fight against hard Brexit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/10/brexit-resistance-getting-bigger-pro-europe-eu-referendum-organising-groups|work=The Guardian|date=10 January 2017|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
43. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Skeet|first1=Tim|title=How I went from soggy Tory to leader of the hard Brexit resistance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/23/britain-for-europe-remainers-hard-brexit|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=23 January 2017}}
44. ^{{cite web | last = Hobhouse | first = Wera | author-link = Wera Hobhouse | title = Catherine Bearder MEP hosts lecture on Brexit strategy in Bath | url = https://www.werahobhouse.co.uk/catherine_bearder | publisher = Office of Wera Hobhouse | date = 29 January 2018 | access-date = 29 June 2018}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britainforeurope.org/our_groups |title=Our groups - Britain for Europe |publisher=Britain for Europe |date= |accessdate=26 February 2018}}
46. ^{{cite news | last = Staff writer | title = Is Brexit really going to cost £2 billion a week? | url = https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/is-brexit-really-going-to-cost-2-billion-a-week | work = Channel 4 News | nopp=yes | page=FactCheck | date = 21 February 2018 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
47. ^{{cite news | last = Adams | first = Charley | title = Pro EU march attracts over 2,500 campaigners | url = http://www.kingsbridge-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=111496 | work = Kingsbridge & Salcombe Gazette | date = 4 April 2018 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
48. ^{{cite news | last = Ferguson | first = Sam | title = Jacob Rees-Mogg heckled by anti-Brexit protesters from Bath for Europe | url = https://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/news/jacob-rees-mogg-heckled-anti-1128363 | work = Bath Chronicle | date = 27 January 2018 | access-date = 24 June 2018}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.berkshireforeurope.eu/ | website = berkshireforeurope.eu |title=Campaign for Europe in Berkshire |publisher=Berkshire for Europe |accessdate=20 September 2018}}
50. ^{{cite news | last = Staff writer |title = Hundreds in Leeds join ‘Brexit Resistance’ movement | url = https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/hundreds-in-leeds-join-brexit-resistance-movement-1-8915440 |work = Yorkshire Evening Post | date = 18 December 2017 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
51. ^{{Cite news| last = Burn | first = Chris|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/yorkshire-s-brexit-resistance-why-campaigners-in-leeds-york-and-sheffield-think-eu-departure-can-be-stopped-1-8914573|title=Yorkshire’s Brexit resistance: Why campaigners in Leeds, York and Sheffield think EU departure can be stopped | work = Yorkshire Post | date = 18 December 2017 |access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}}
52. ^1 {{cite web | title = About the European Movement | url = http://www.europeanmovement.co.uk/about | website = europeanmovement.co.uk | publisher = European Movement | access-date = 1 May 2018}}
53. ^{{cite news | last = Lynskey | first = Dorian | title = 'It's not a done deal': inside the battle to stop Brexit | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/apr/28/brexit-not-a-done-deal-battle-to-stay-in-eu-second-referendum | work = The Guardian | date = 28 April 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.healthierin.eu/about|title=About Us|publisher=Healthier IN the EU|access-date=30 July 2018}}
55. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/brexit-regret-theresa-may-europe-trade-boris-johnson/541653/|title=A Harsh Wake-Up Call for Some Brexiteers|first=Stefanie|last=Marsh|date=6 October 2017|work=The Atlantic|access-date=29 July 2018}}
56. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservatives-must-make-manifesto-commitment-of-350m-a-week-for-the-nhs-say-doctors-a7739401.html| work=The Independent| title=Conservatives must make manifesto commitment of £350m a week for the NHS, say doctors| first=Tom| last=Peck | date=17 May 2017| access-date=3 August 2018}}
57. ^{{cite news| work=The Independent| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-falsely-claims-350m-nhs-brexit-pledge-conservative-manifesto-a7747376.html| title=Boris Johnson falsely claims £350m for NHS after Brexit pledge is in the Conservative manifesto| first=Ashley| last=Cowburn| date=21 May 2017| access-date=3 August 2018}}
58. ^{{cite web | title = OUR FUTURE, OUR CHOICE! OFOC! LTD | url = https://companycheck.co.uk/company/11214031/OUR-FUTURE-OUR-CHOICE-OFOC-LTD/companies-house-data | website = companycheck.co.uk | publisher = Company Check |accessdate=26 August 2018}}
59. ^{{cite news | last = Embury | first = Tom |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-campaign-youth-young-people-our-future-our-choice-remainers-leave-eu-femi-oluwole-a8208756.html|title='Our Future, Our Choice': Campaign launched for young people who want Brexit stopped|work=The Independent|date=14 February 2018|accessdate=26 August 2018}}
60. ^{{cite news | last = Morley | first = Nicole |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/02/16/campaign-launched-young-people-want-stop-brexit-ruining-future-7318245/|title=Campaign launched for young people who want to stop Brexit ruining their future|work=Metro|date=16 February 2018|accessdate=26 August 2018}}
61. ^{{cite news | last = Staff writer |url=https://www.rt.com/uk/430327-ofoc-brexit-donor-funding/|title=Grassroots or ‘astroturf’? Who’s really behind the anti-Brexit group ‘Our Future Our Choice’|work=RT|date=20 June 2018|accessdate=26 August 2018}}
62. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ofoc.co.uk/about-us/|title=About us|website=ofoc.co.uk|publisher=Our Future Our Choice|accessdate=26 August 2018}}
63. ^{{cite web | title = Who we are | url = http://www.scientistsforeu.uk/who_we_are | website = scientistsforeu.uk | publisher = Scientists for EU | access-date = 12 July 2018}}
64. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/scientists-launch-campaign-to-oppose-uk-exit-from-eu/9044.article|title=Scientists launch campaign to oppose UK exit from EU|date=13 October 2015|first=Emma|last=Stone|publisher=Chemistry World|access-date=29 July 2018}}
65. ^{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |house=House of Lords, Select Committee on Science and Technology | title = The Relationship between EU Membership and the Effectiveness of UK Science: Oral Evidence Session | url = http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/science-and-technology-committee-lords/relationship-between-eu-membership-and-the-effectiveness-of-uk-science/oral/30032.html |date= 1 March 2016 |speaker=Mike Galsworthy (et al) |position=Programme Director, Scientists for EU}} [https://parliamentlive.tv/event/index/d55ca1a4-fa81-4720-88e9-54f88cffd64f Video.]
66. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba85f924-5e24-11e6-a72a-bd4bf1198c63| work=The Financial Times| title=Brexit Briefing: Scientists feel the effect| first=Clive| last=Cookson| date=9 August 2016| access-date=1 August 2018}}
67. ^Citations:* {{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/brain-drain-has-begun-and-its-costing-millions-academics-warn-fg2tt3s2p| work=The Times| title=Brain drain has begun . . . and it’s costing millions, academics warn| first=Nicola| last=Woolcock| date=15 October 2016| access-date=3 August 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/brexit-britain-latest-news-academics-threaten-to-quit-brain-drain-over-racist-xenophobic-eu-a7133316.html|title=Racist, xenophobic and anti-intellectual: Academics threaten to leave Brexit Britain|work=The Independent|first=Ian|last=Johnston|date=12 July 2016|access-date=30 July 2018|ref=Indy20180712}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/16/science-research-hit-by-brexit|first=Will|last=Hutton|title=Why Brexit may be a deadly experiment for science|date=16 July 2016|access-date=31 July 2018|ref=Hutton}}* {{cite journal|last1=Gross|first1=Michael|title=Angry voters may turn back the clocks|journal=Current Biology|volume=26|issue=15|year=2016|pages=R689–R692|issn=09609822|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.056|ref=Gross2016}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/11/britain-brexit-cambridge-eu-theresa-may/506501/|work=The Atlantic|title=Brexit Is Jeopardizing Britain's Intellectual Legacy|first=Linda|last=Kinstler|date=5 November 2016|access-date=31 July 2018}}
68. ^Citations* {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/02/why-the-remainers-are-still-clinging-on-to-dreams-of-overturning/|title=Why the Remainers are still clinging on to dreams of overturning Brexit...and how they hope to do it|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Peter|last=Foster|date=2 September 2016|access-date=31 July 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/brexit-uncertainty-disrupting-eu-uk-research|title=Brexit uncertainty disrupting EU-UK research|work=Nature|first=Mark|last=Peplow |nopp=yes |page=Index|date=29 November 2016|access-date=29 July 2018}}* {{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhisubbaraman/young-scientists-fear-brexit|title=These Young Scientists Are Afraid They’ll Have To Leave The UK Because Of Brexit|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=29 July 2018|date=24 June 2016| first1=Nidhi| last1=Subbaraman}}* {{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/tomchivers/scientists-say-the-uks-new-paper-on-science-after-brexit|title=Scientists Say The UK's New Paper On Science After Brexit Doesn't Address The Real Issues|date=6 September 2017|first=Tom|last=Chivers|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=29 July 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/uk-lays-out-its-vision-for-post-brexit-research-30952|title=U.K. Lays Out Its Vision for Post-Brexit Research|work=The Scientist|date=7 September 2017|first=Catherine|last=Offord|access-date=29 July 2018}}* {{cite journal|last1=Vesper|first1=Inga|title=United Kingdom sees dip in European research applications after Brexit vote|journal=Nature|year=2017|issn=1476-4687|doi=10.1038/nature.2017.22624}}* {{cite web|url=http://www.horizon2020projects.com/policy-research/uk-scientists-leave-eu-projects/|publisher=Horizon 2020 Projects|date=12 October 2017|access-date=29 July 2018|title=UK scientists could leave EU projects}}* {{cite web | first=Jane| last=Wharton| title=Brexit will rip 'soul from NHS' as record numbers want People's Vote | website=Metro News | date=15 September 2018 | url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/09/15/brexit-will-rip-the-soul-out-of-the-nhs-as-record-number-of-health-workers-demand-second-vote-7947686/ | access-date=17 October 2018}}
69. ^{{cite news | title = George Soros donates £400,000 to anti-Brexit campaign | url = https://www.ft.com/content/df9ed626-0c61-11e8-839d-41ca06376bf2 | work = Financial Times | subscription = yes | date = 8 February 2018 | access-date = 7 June 2018}}
70. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/11/george-soros-best-for-britain-pro-eu-100000|title=George Soros raises donation to anti-Brexit Best for Britain group|first=Jessica|last=Elgot|date=11 Feb 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 July 2018}}
71. ^1 2 {{cite news | last = Fletcher | first = Martin | title = Inside the headquarters of Britain’s anti-Brexit brigade | url = https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/05/inside-headquarters-britain-s-anti-brexit-brigade | work = New Statesman | date = 30 May 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}}
72. ^https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-article50/uk-lawmakers-discuss-halting-brexit-after-petition-hits-6-million-idUSKCN1RD2YK
73. ^https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/31/article-50-petition-to-cancel-brexit-passes-6m-signatures
74. ^https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cancel-brexit-petition-two-million-theresa-may-no-deal-a8834471.html
75. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-90ic0UbaDk
76. ^{{cite web| title=Postcards from the 48%| url=https://www.postcards48.eu| publisher=Official Site| accessdate=7 July 2018}}
77. ^{{IMDb title | id= tt6290122 | title= Postcards from the 48% (2018)|accessdate=21 April 2018 }}
78. ^{{cite web| url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/postcards-from-the-48| title=Postcards from the 48%| publisher=British Film Institute| | date=21 May 2018| access-date=7 August 2018}}
79. ^{{cite news| work=The Times| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/film-review-postcards-from-the-48-fsv6xkqg9| title=Film review: Postcards from the 48%| first=Kevin| last=Maher| date=6 July 2018| access-date=3 August 2018}}
80. ^{{cite news | last = McKee | first = Ruth | title = Campaigners hand out thousands of EU flags for Last Night of the Proms | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/sep/10/european-union-flags-handed-out-last-night-of-the-proms-brexit |work=The Guardian | date = 10 September 2016 | access-date = 1 May 2018}}
81. ^{{cite news| work=The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/sep/10/eu-flags-at-last-night-of-the-proms-anger-farage| title=EU flags at Last Night of the Proms anger Farage| first=Robert| last=Booth| date=10 Sep 2017| access-date=10 August 2018}}
82. ^{{cite news| work=The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/19/ecj-farewell-brexit-european-union-surrendering-influence#img-1| title=Anti-Brexit campaigners from the No 10 Vigil sail on a boat bedecked with EU flags up the River Thames in London, on 19 August 2017.| date=19 August 2017| access-date=10 August 2018}}
83. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/993312/brexit-news-remoaner-protest-no10vigil-river-thames-parliament| title=Remoaners planning boat party to protest Brexit today SLASH ticket prices after poor sales| work=The Daily Express| first=Matt| last=Drake| date=24 July 2018| access-date=10 August 2018}}

4 : Pro-Europeanism|Brexit|United Kingdom and the European Union|European Union–related advocacy groups in the United Kingdom
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/15 23:16:27