“Pancreatic islet macrophage”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Islet resident macrophages are uniquely found within the endocrine tissue (islet), while nearby in the nearby acinar tissue, macrophages express a different repertoire of CD (cluster of differentiation) markers and come from a different developmental origin. In terms of expression markers, islet macrophages are positive for; F4/80, CD11b, CD11c, MHC-II, CD64, CD68, LyzM (lysozyme), Cx3cr1 and are negative for; CD206 (mannose receptor), CD301, CD103.

Development

The mesoderm gives rise to myeloid progenitor cells, which further differentiate into macrophage populations.^[2] As opposed to macrophages in the islet stroma (tissue), whose developmental origin is from the yolk sac (primitive hematopoiesis), islet resident progenitors come from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the definitive hematopoiesis. These cells are seen in fetal liver during mid-gestation E10-E11,^[3] and are thought to colonize the bone marrow during late gestation E15.^[4] As a unique population in terms of developmental origin, these resident macrophages have a unique phenotype in which they are long lived, self-renew locally, and stay confined within the islet parenchyma.

Function

Islet resident macrophages depend on the expression of colony stimulating factor (CSF1). Knockout mice for the CSF-1 gene cause islets to be devoid of resident macrophages. These mice show a reduced beta cell mass as well as developmental defects.^[5] This as well as other observations, showing that islet resident macrophages promote beta cell proliferation suggest that islet macrophages are likely important contributors to the function of the pancreatic islet.^[6]^[7] In contrast to the possible supportive role within the islet, these specialized macrophages are also required for the initiation of the adaptive immune response during type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice. They do this by presenting beta cell derived peptides using MHC II receptors to T-cells in the islet.^[8] Once activated, T-cells stimulate the adaptive immune system, which leads to the destruction of pancreatic islets due to an autoimmune response.

History

The islet resident macrophage was first identified in 1979 as an antigen-presenting cell (APC),^[9] which expresses major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). Later in 1984 this APC was further classified by using a macrophage specific marker F4/80.^[10] In 1988 it was discovered that macrophages play an essential role in the progression of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (T1D), in an animal model for non-obese diabetes (NOD mice). The role of pancreatic macrophages were later shown to play an important role in type 2 diabetes as well, by contributing to islet inflammation.^[11] The origin and turnover in the normal state was characterized by Emil Unanue in 2015.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Calderon | first1 = B | year = 2016 | title = The pancreas anatomy conditions the origin and properties of resident macrophages | journal = J Exp Med | volume = 212 | issue = 9| pages = 1497–1512 | pmc=4577842 | pmid=26347472 | doi=10.1084/jem.20150496}}
2. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Hsu | first1 = K | year = 2001 | title = Zebrafish myelopoiesis and blood cell development | journal = Curr Opin Hematol | volume = 8 | issue = 4| pages = 245–51 | pmc=| pmid=11561163 | doi = 10.1097/00062752-200107000-00011 }}
3. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Dzierzak | first1 = E | year = 1995 | title = Mouse embryonic hematopoiesis | journal = Trends Genet | volume = 11 | issue = 9| pages = 359–66 | pmc=| pmid=7482788 | doi = 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89107-6 }}
4. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Byrd | first1 = N | year = 2002 | title = Hedgehog is required for murine yolk sac angiogenesis | journal = Development | volume = 129 | issue = 2| pages = 361–72 | pmc= | pmid=11807029 }}
5. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Banaei-Bouchareb | first1 = L | year = 2004 | title = Insulin mass is altered in Csf1op/Csf1op macrophage-deficient mice | journal = J Leukoc Biol | volume = 76 | issue = 2| pages = 359–67 | pmc=| pmid=15178709 | doi=10.1189/jlb.1103591}}
6. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Brissova | first1 = M | year = 2014 | title = Islet microenvironment, modulated by vascular endothelial growth growth factor-A signaling promotes B cell regeneration | journal = Cell Metab | volume = 19 | issue = 3| pages = 498–511 | pmc=4012856| pmid=24561261 | doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.001}}
7. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Tessem | first1 = JS | year = 2008 | title = Critical roles for macrophages in islet angiogenesis and maintenance during pancreatic degeneration | journal = Diabetes | volume = 57 | issue = 6| pages = 1605–17 | pmc= 2575065| pmid=18375440 | doi=10.2337/db07-1577| title-link = pancreatic }}
8. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Calderon | first1 = B | year = 2014 | title = The Central Role of Antigen Presentation in Islets of Langerhans in Autoimmune Diabetes | journal = Curr Opin Immunol | volume = 26 | issue = 26| pages = 32–40 | pmc=4118295 | doi=10.1016/j.coi.2013.10.011| pmid = 24556398 }}
9. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Lacy | first1 = PE | year = 1979 | title = Prolongation of islet allograft survival following in vitro culture (24 degrees C) and a single injects of ALS | journal = Science | volume = 204 | issue = 4390| pages = 312–3 | pmc= | pmid=107588 | doi=10.1126/science.107588}}
10. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Hume | first1 = DA | year = 1984 | title = The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of endocrine organs | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 81 | issue = 13| pages = 4174–7 | pmc=345391 | pmid=6377311| doi = 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4174 }}
11. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Xiao | first1 = X | year = 2015 | title = Concise Review: New Insights Into the Role of Macrophages in B-cell Proliferation | journal = Stem Cells Transl Med | volume = 4 | issue = 6| pages = 655–658 | pmc=4449096 | pmid=25900729| doi=10.5966/sctm.2014-0248}}

Structure

Markers

Development

Function

History

See also

References