| 词条 | Peasants' revolt of 996 in Normandy |
| 释义 |
| title = The Norman peasants' revolt | partof = | image = | caption = | date = 996 | place = Normandy | coordinates = | causes = Peasants wanted concessions on various economic grievances. | goals = | methods = Complaints sent to central assembly | status = Defeated | result = Peasants had their hands and feet cut off | side1 = | side2 = | side3 = | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = | leadfigures3 = | howmany1 = | howmany2 = | howmany3 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = | sidebox = }}The Norman peasants' revolt in 996 was a revolt[1] against Norman conquerors. The revolt was defeated by nobility under early reign and minority of Richard II, Duke of Normandy. His uncle Rodulf of Ivry was the regent of Normandy during the revolt.[2][1] The revolt was started in 996 after the peasants had met in local assemblies (conventicula) of throughout Normandy. The revolt was coordinated by a central assembly (conventus) that was formed by members of the local assemblies. Each conventicula sent two representatives to the central assembly.[2] The peasants wanted concessions on various economic grievances.[1] These included Barons harassing the peasants with vexatious services, the main reason however was the removal of hunting rights, lest a deer be killed.[3]{{rp|51}} Medieval sources claim that the revolt was caused by demands of free hunting and fishing rights.[4] The revolt probably did affect only Seine valley rather than whole Normandy. Dating of the revolt in 996 has been also disputed.[5] The revolt may have been a reaction to rise of serfdom in Normandy.[6][4] It has been suggested that the revolt resulted in abolishing serfdom in Normandy.{{cn|date=June 2016}} Lack of serfdom in Normandy has been also linked to depopulation of coastal France brought by warfare. However, evidence for existence and extent of serfdom has been difficult to obtain.[7] Peasant leaders who brought complaints to the regent Rodulf of Ivry had their hands and feet cut off, after they were captured.[2][1] Others were blinded, impaled, or burnt alive, land owners forfeited their land.[3]{{rp|51}} Despite the revolt at start of his reign, rest of the Richard II's reign was very peaceful. In May 1023 he did not implement the Peace of God due to calm situation in his lands.[1] However, Norman culture returned to its Frankish characteristics and lost Scandinavian influences.[8][1] See also{{Portal|Normandy}}
References1. ^1 2 3 http://chesterrep.openrepository.com/cdr/bitstream/10034/322668/6/matthew+paul+burke.pdf 2. ^{{cite book|author=William H. TeBrake|title=A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323-1328|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KSVsjwH6iN0C&pg=PA60|date=1 September 1993|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-1526-7|page=60}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |last=Duncan |first=Jonathan |title=The Dukes of Normandy from the time of King Rollo to the expulsion of King John |publisher=Joseph Rickerby and Harvey & Darton |date=1839}} 4. ^1 https://edocs.uis.edu/Departments/LIS/Course_Pages/LIS411/readings/Hilton_Peasant_Society_pp67-94.pdf 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=996 and all that: the Norman peasants' revolt reconsidered|first=Bernard|last=Gowers|date=1 February 2013|journal=Early Medieval Europe|volume=21|issue=1|pages=71–98|doi=10.1111/emed.12010}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Rosamond Faith|title=The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyHUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253|date=1 April 1999|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-7185-0204-1|pages=252–253}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Van Houts|title=The Normans in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IarkHmOdjnsC&pg=PA63|date=15 December 2000|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-4751-0|pages=63–64}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Jim Bradbury|title=The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|date=2 August 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-59847-2|pages=77–78, 144}} Further reading
6 : Battles involving the Normans|Peasant revolts|990s conflicts|Military history of France|Duchy of Normandy|996 |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。