| 词条 | Aizawl | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Aizawl | other_name = | settlement_type = Capital | image_skyline = Aizawl Montage.png | image_alt = | image_caption = Montage of Aizawl City Clockwise from top left: Pachhunga University College Entrance gate, Solomon's Temple in Aizawl, Aizawl Bazar, Night View of Aizawl, Lengpui Airport Building | nickname = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India Mizoram#India#Asia | pushpin_label_position = center | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aizawl in India | coordinates = {{coord|23|43|38|N|92|43|04|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Mizoram | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Aizawl | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | governing_body = Aizawl Municipal Corporation | leader_title1 = Mayor | leader_name1 = P.C. Lalhmingthanga (MNF) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 457 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1132 | population_total =293,416[1] | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = 234 | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Mizo | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 796001 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 0389 | registration_plate = MZ-01 | blank_name = Sex ratio | blank_info = 1025 females per 1000 males ♂/♀[1] | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = Cwa | blank_name_sec2 = Literacy | blank_info_sec2 = 98.36%[1] | footnotes = }}Aizawl ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|aɪ|ˈ|z|ɔː|l}};[1] Mizo: {{IPA-all|ˈʌɪ̯.ˈzɔːl||Aizawl.ogg}}) is the capital of the state of Mizoram in India. With a population of 293,416,[2] it is the largest city in the state. It is also the centre of administration containing all the important government offices, state assembly house and civil secretariat. The population of Aizawl strongly reflects the different communities of the ethnic Mizo people. Aizawl has hosted the third edition of Xchange North East Youth NGO summit from October 3rd to 5th, 2018.[3] HistoryIn 1871-72, the disorderly conduct of Khalkom, a Mizo chief, compelled the British to establish an outpost that later became the Aizawl village.[4] In 1890, officer Dally of the Assam Police and his 400 men arrived at Aizawl to support Colonel Skinner's troops during a British military operation against the Mizo tribals. On Dally's recommendation, Aizawl was selected as the site of a fortified post that Colonel Skinner had been ordered to construct. The troops constructed stockades and buildings at the site.[5] In 1892-95 Aizawl became accessible from Silchar by fair weather road under the supervision of Major Loch. The Indian Air Force carried out air strikes on the town during the March 1966 Mizo National Front uprising, following which the MNF withdrew to Lunglei.[6] Until 1966, Aizawl was a large village but the regrouping of Mizo villages after the uprising made it become a larger town and then a city. Aizawl has become the centre of Road network in Mizoram connecting the north and south, east and west. More than 25% of the Mizoram population reside in Aizawl. GeographyAizawl is located north of the Tropic of Cancer in the northern part of Mizoram. It is situated on a ridge 1,132 metres (3715 ft) above sea level, with the Tlawng river valley to its west and the Tuirial river valley to its east. Climate{{climate chart|collapsed = |Aizawl |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |11.4|20.4|13.4 |12.8|21.7|23.4 |15.6|25.2|73.4 |17.5|26.8|167.7 |18.1|26.3|289.0 |18.9|25.5|406.1 |19.1|25.3|320.4 |19.1|25.5|320.6 |19.2|25.7|305.2 |18.0|24.7|183.7 |15.1|23.0|43.2 |12.2|21.0|15.3 |source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120506155631/http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c01562.htm WMO] |float=right }} Aizawl has a mild, sub-tropical climate due to its location and elevation. Under the Köppen climate classification, Aizawl features a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) but very rainy. In the summer the temperature ranges from {{convert|20|-|30|C}}, and in the winter {{convert|11|-|21|C}}.[7] {{Weather box|width =auto |location= Aizawl |metric first= yes |single line= yes |Jan high C = 20.4 |Feb high C = 21.7 |Mar high C = 25.2 |Apr high C = 26.8 |May high C = 26.3 |Jun high C = 25.5 |Jul high C = 25.3 |Aug high C = 25.5 |Sep high C = 25.7 |Oct high C = 24.7 |Nov high C = 23.0 |Dec high C = 21.0 |year high C = 24.3 |Jan low C = 11.4 |Feb low C = 12.8 |Mar low C = 15.6 |Apr low C = 17.5 |May low C = 18.1 |Jun low C = 18.9 |Jul low C = 19.1 |Aug low C = 19.1 |Sep low C = 19.2 |Oct low C = 18.0 |Nov low C = 15.1 |Dec low C = 12.2 |year low C = 16.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 13.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 23.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 73.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 167.7 |May precipitation mm = 289.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 406.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 320.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 320.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 305.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 183.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 43.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 15.3 |year precipitation mm = 2161.4 |Jan precipitation days = 0.5 |Feb precipitation days = 2.1 |Mar precipitation days = 5.0 |Apr precipitation days = 8.4 |May precipitation days = 12.8 |Jun precipitation days = 19.4 |Jul precipitation days = 19.3 |Aug precipitation days = 19.6 |Sep precipitation days = 17.2 |Oct precipitation days = 10.6 |Nov precipitation days = 1.8 |Dec precipitation days = 0.4 |year precipitation days = 117.1 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization[8] |date= May 2012 }} Cityscape{{Panorama|image = File:Aizawl Panoramic View.jpg |height = 150 |alt = |caption = A panorama of Aizawl taken from Zemabawk, Aizawl }} Civic AdministrationThe Aizawl Municipal Council is the authority of civic administration of Aizawl city. It was formed in 2010 with 19 Members when the Congress-ZNP party coalition was voted to power in the state legislative assembly. The AMC office is being administered by one council Chairman, Vice-Chairman and three executive members.[9] It consists of 19 elected members representing 19 wards of the city and others appointed by the Governor of Mizoram. One-third of the total membership is reserved for women, these six seats shall be rotated after every five years. The tenure of the council is five years. There is a Ward Committee in every ward that consists of a Chairman, who is an elected councillor from that ward, and two members each from all the local council within the ward. There are 78 local councils having a term of 5 years.[10] Demographics{{bar box|title=Religion in Aizawl |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percentage |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Christianity|blue|93.63}}{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|4.14}}{{bar percent|Islam|green|1.52}}{{bar percent|Buddhism|yellow|0.45}}{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.11}}{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.09}}{{bar percent|Sikhism|olive|0.03}}{{bar percent|Jainism|brown|0.02}} }}{{As of|2011}} India census,[11] Aizawl had a population of 293,416. Females constitute 50.61% of the population and males made up the remaining 49.39%. Mizos from various tribes make up the majority of the population. Christianity forms majority of the city population about 93.63%.[1] Other minority religions are Hinduism 4.14, Islam 1.52, Buddhism 0.45, Others 0.09%, Sikhism 0.03% and Jainism 0.02%.[1] 0.11% peoples did not state their religion.[12] Presbyterians make up the majority of the population. However, there are also significant numbers of the Salvation Army, Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, United Pentecostal Church and Roman Catholics in the city. There are also some cultural based Christian sects. Hinduism and Islam are also represented in very small numbers in the city population. EconomyThe economy of Aizawl is basically sustained by government services as it is capital of Mizoram. The major banks are also located within Aizawl. A 3-star category hotel, Hotel Regency, has recently been inaugurated at Zarkawt, a central location within the city. It provides a much-needed hospitality service for tourists and business visitors to Aizawl. There are several other hotels apart from Hotel Regency. Those include - Hotel Sangchia located in Zarkawt, Hotel Grand located in Zarkawt, Hotel Floria located in Dawrpui, Ritz Hotel located in Canteen Kual, Tourist Lodge located in Chaltlang, Chawlhna Hotel located in Zarkawt, Riakmaw Inn located in Zarkawt, Hotel Ahimsa located in Zarkawt, and other numerous affordable hotels. Inner Line Permit (ILP)Domestic tourists require the Inner Line Permit (ILP) for entry into Mizoram, for persons other than Government employees. ILP can be obtained from the Liaison Officers in New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Guwahati, Shillong, and Silchar. It can also be obtained on arrival at the Lengpui Airport (nearest airport to Aizawl).[13] Foreign nationals have to register themselves at the office of the Superintendent of the Police (CID/SB) of Mizoram within 24hours of arrival. However, citizens of China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan require prior approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs before entering the state.[13] TransportAirAizawl is connected by air transport through Lengpui Airport which it is situated near Aizawl. The airport provides connectivity to Kolkata Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Guwahati Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Shillong Airport and Imphal Imphal International Airport. Air India, Jet Airways are the two regular airlines which operate flights to and from Lengpui Airport. A helicopter service by Pawan Hans[14] was started in 2012 and connects the city with Lunglei, Lawngtlai, Saiha, Chawngte, Serchhip, Champhai, Kolasib, Khawzawl, Ngopa and Hnahthial.[15][16] RailMizoram is connected by railroad up to Bairabi, there are plans to connect Bairabi with Sairang with broad gauge railway track, near Aizawl. The government has also started a broad gauge Bairabi Sairang Railway connection for better connectivity in the state.[17] There is also the plan for 5 km long Aizawl Monorail running between Zemabawk to Kulikawn. RoadAizawl is connected by road with Silchar through National Highway 54, with Agartala through National Highway 40 and with Imphal through National Highway 150. The yellow-and-white taxis are widely available; Maruti cars are most widely used. Privately owned blue-and-white mini buses are on regular service as city buses. MediaNewspaper: The major media in Aizawl in Mizo and English Language are:[18]{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
EducationThere are both state and private schools. Parochial schools are run by the Baptist Church of Mizoram, the Presbyterian Church of India (Synod), several Roman Catholic(St. Pauls Higher Secondary School, Mary Mount School, St. Lawrence School, St. Mary's School) religious orders and the Seventh-day Adventists (Helen Lowry). Kendriya Vidyalaya, Aizawl, is another school run by the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, the school situated close to Zembawk. Other schools include Home Missions School, Mount Carmel School, Oikos Higher Secondary School. TertiaryPachhunga University College was among the earliest colleges founded in 1958. Aizawl College, the second oldest college in Aizawl City was established in the year 1975. Hrangbana College was established in 1980, located in Chanmari, Aizawl with Pu Lalrinawma as the Principal, it has 57 teaching staffs with 22 non - teaching Staffs and more than 2000 students in Commerce and Arts Departments. Mizoram University established in 2001 provides affiliation to all the Colleges in Mizoram. Mizoram University also provides post - graduate education as well as B.Tech education and other departments. ICFAI University, Mizoram located in Durtlang, Aizawl West College, Aizawl North College, J.Thankima College also provides Under Graduate courses. Mizoram Law College provides education to people who seek profession in Law.[26] Indian Institute of Mass Communication and National Institute of Technology Mizoram has already started operations. Plans are being made to start a medical college in Falkawn.[27]SportsFootball is the most popular sport in Mizoram with a number of footballers playing in national leagues in different parts of India. Some of the more important playing facilities in Aizawl are:
Neighbourhoods
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Aizawl |title=Definition of Aizawl |publisher=The Free Online Dictionary |accessdate=31 October 2013 }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Aizawl City Population|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/185-aizawl.html|publisher=census2011.co.in|accessdate=15 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025523/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/185-aizawl.html|archivedate=28 October 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/ne-youth-summit-at-aizawl-255781|title=Aizawl will host the third edition of Xchange North East Youth NGO summit from October 3rd to 5th,2018.|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=K. C. Kabra|title=Economic Growth of Mizoram: Role of Business & Industry|year=2008|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PcdaYllHNUC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=lunglei+economy#v=onepage&q=lunglei%20economy&f=false|isbn=9788180695186}} 5. ^The Making of Aijal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112023258/http://aizawl.nic.in/makingofaijal.htm |date=12 November 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite book| title = Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Mizoram| author = Hamlet Bareh| pages = 206–216| publisher = Mittal Publications| year = 2001| isbn = 978-81-7099-787-0}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://mizoram.nic.in/more/aizawl.htm |title=Aizawl - the State Capital |publisher=Mizoram |date= |accessdate=9 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007035702/http://mizoram.nic.in/more/aizawl.htm|archivedate=7 October 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c01562.htm| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120506155631/http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c01562.htm| archivedate = 6 May 2012| title = World Weather Information Service–Aizawl| publisher = World Meteorological Organization| accessdate = 16 May 2014}} 9. ^{{cite news|last=Chetri|first=Pratap|title=Aizawl Gets Its First Municipal Council|url=http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1219:aizawl-gets-its-first-municipal-council&catid=64:december|accessdate=14 August 2012|newspaper=Eastern Panorama}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=Dr. L.H.Chhuanawma|title=Aizawl Municipal Council|url=http://www.trcollege.net/study-material/37-political-science/79-aizawl-municipal-council|publisher=T Romana College|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528030216/http://www.trcollege.net/study-material/37-political-science/79-aizawl-municipal-council|archivedate=28 May 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=1 November 2008|work= |publisher= Census Commission of India}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|author= |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/185-aizawl.html |title=Aizawl City Census 2011 data |work=census2011.co.in |date= |access-date=17 May 2018}} 13. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://mizoram.nic.in/more/ilp.htm|title=Inner Line Permit (ILP): Mizoram|website=mizoram.nic.in|access-date=2018-01-08}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Mizorama Helicopter Service Tur Chief Minister in Hawng|url=http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/mizorama-helicopter-service-tur-chief-minister-in-hawng|publisher=Mizoram DIPR|accessdate=14 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212015939/http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/mizorama-helicopter-service-tur-chief-minister-in-hawng|archivedate=12 December 2013}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Nilaini atangin ‘Helicopter Service|url=http://www.thezozamtimes.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5455:nilaini-atangin-helicopter-service&catid=43:news&Itemid=63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923163051/http://www.thezozamtimes.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5455:nilaini-atangin-helicopter-service&catid=43:news&Itemid=63|dead-url=yes|archive-date=23 September 2015|accessdate=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Zozam Times}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Mizoram Chhunga Helicopter Service Scheduled Thar|url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/mizoram-chhunga-helicopter-service-scheduled-thar|accessdate=23 September 2015|agency=DIPR: Govt of Mizoram|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923144248/https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/mizoram-chhunga-helicopter-service-scheduled-thar|archive-date=23 September 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite news|author=PTI|title=Broad gauge track project in Mizoram to be over by March 2015|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/broad-gauge-track-project-in-mizoram-to-be-over-by-march/776596.html|accessdate=13 August 2012|newspaper=CNN IBN Live}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Accredited Journalists|url=http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/journalists|publisher=DIPR Mizoram|accessdate=5 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619020709/http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/journalists|archivedate=19 June 2013}} 19. ^{{cite web|url= http://vanglaini.org/|title=Vanglaini - Mizo Daily Since 1978|work=vanglaini.org|accessdate=30 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401164127/http://www.vanglaini.org/|archivedate=1 April 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=The Zozam Times|url=http://thezozamtimes.org/|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107115720/http://thezozamtimes.org/|archivedate=7 January 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=The Aizawl Post|url=http://www.theaizawlpost.com/|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103222150/http://theaizawlpost.com/|archivedate=3 January 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Virthli|url=http://virthli.com/|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327083314/http://www.virthli.com/|archivedate=27 March 2013}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=The Mizoram Post|url=http://www.themizorampost.net/|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111081911/http://www.themizorampost.net/|archivedate=11 November 2013}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Zozam Weekly|url=http://zozamweeklynews.blogspot.in/|accessdate=7 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518023157/http://zozamweeklynews.blogspot.in/|archivedate=18 May 2014}} 25. ^{{cite news|title=AIR buatsaih FM Zoawi chu le|url=http://www.vanglaini.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5815:air-buatsaih-fm-zoawi-chu-le|accessdate=27 August 2012|newspaper=Vanglaini}} 26. ^The Mizoram University Act of 25 April 2000 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803150529/http://video.disc.iisc.ernet.in/vigyan/mizo_univ.htm |date=3 August 2012 }} 27. ^{{cite web|title=Central Health Services Leh Aiims Doctor Ten Chief Minister HMU|url=http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/central-health-services-leh-aiims-doctor-ten-chief-minister-hmu|publisher=DIPR|accessdate=15 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213316/http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/central-health-services-leh-aiims-doctor-ten-chief-minister-hmu|archivedate=1 February 2014}} 28. ^{{cite web|last=tirhkahthawla|title=Mualpui Stadium Design|url=http://www.misual.com/2010/06/18/mualpui-stadium-design/|publisher=misual.com|accessdate=14 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527095346/http://www.misual.com/2010/06/18/mualpui-stadium-design/|archivedate=27 May 2013}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Lammual-ah Gallery sak hna tan dawn ta |url=http://thezozamtimes.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4175:lammual-ah-gallery-sak-hna-tan-dawn-ta&catid=43:news&Itemid=63 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130415233229/http://thezozamtimes.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4175:lammual-ah-gallery-sak-hna-tan-dawn-ta&catid=43:news&Itemid=63 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=The Zozam Times |accessdate=16 August 2012 }} External links{{Commons category|Aizawl}}
6 : Hill stations in Mizoram|Aizawl|Cities and towns in Aizawl district|Populated places established in 1890|Tourism in North East India|1890 establishments in India |
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