| 词条 | Persecution of Chinese people in Nazi Germany |
| 释义 |
Although spared from genocide, Chinese people in Germany were still subject to large-scale and systematic persecution in Nazi Germany. Especially after the collapse of the Sino-German Cooperation due to the start of World War II in Europe, many Chinese nationals in Germany were forced to leave the country due to increasing government surveillance and coercions. After the Chinese declaration of war on Germany following the Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Gestapo launched multiple mass arrests of Chinese Germans and Chinese nationals across Germany,[1] and concentrated the majority of them in {{Interlanguage link multi|Labour Camp Langer Morgen|de|3=Arbeitserziehungslager Langer Morgen}} in Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg, using them as slave labourers; many were killed by the Gestapo's torture or forced labour.[2] By the end of World War II, the pre-war Chinese communities in Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen were all destroyed, and there was virtually no Chinese presence left in Germany. Background{{Expand Chinese|纳粹德国对中国人的迫害|date=May 2016}}Until the end of the Cold War, the number of Chinese living in Germany, as compared to immigrants from other nations, were few, and their influence in German society was limited. Nevertheless, in the cities of Hamburg, Bremen, and Berlin, Chinese communities formed. Most of the Chinese persons who originally immigrated to Germany in the 19th and 20th centuries were sailors from Guangdong and Zhejiang. These sailors would generally go on leave upon docking in German ports; in time, Chinese communities would develop in those northern cities, such as Hamburg and Bremen. The Chinatown in the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg (around Schmuckstrasse), Chinesenviertel, eventually became the largest Chinese community in Germany. By the time the Chinese consulate was established in Hamburg in 1921, there were more than 2,000 Chinese persons residing in Germany; professional sailors aside, the vast majority of Chinese were in the catering and entertainment industries, as proprietors of Chinese restaurants, bars, cafes, and dance halls. There were also illegal establishments such as opium dens and casinos, the latter of which participated in the opium trade and weapon smuggling. Initial persecutions{{Expand Chinese|纳粹德国对中国人的迫害|date=May 2016}}Chinese Action{{Expand Chinese|纳粹德国对中国人的迫害|date=May 2016}}Legacies{{Expand Chinese|纳粹德国对中国人的迫害|date=May 2016}}References1. ^{{cite book| last = Gütinger | first = Erich | chapter = “Sketch of Chinese Communities in Germany: Past and Present” | editor = Benton, Gregor | editor2 = Pieke, Frank N. | title = The Chinese in Europe | date = 1998 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | ISBN = 978-0-312-17526-9 }} {{anti-Chinese sentiment}}2. ^{{cite web| url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Gedenktafel-chinesenviertel-schmuckstra%C3%9Fe.jpg | title = Gedenktafel Chinesenviertel Schmuckstraße | date = 17 March 2013 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons | accessdate = 4 May 2016 }} 4 : Anti-Chinese sentiment|Chinese expatriates in Germany|Persecution by Nazi Germany|Society in Nazi Germany |
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