| 词条 | Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya | official_name = City of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya {{lang|th|เทศบาลนครพระนครศรีอยุธยา}} | other_name = Ayutthaya | named_for = Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India | native_name = {{lang|th|พระนครศรีอยุธยา}} | nickname = | settlement_type = City Municipality | image_skyline = Naresuan-Road-Ayutthaya.jpg | image_caption = | image_seal = Ayutthaya city seal.png | pushpin_map = Thailand | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Thailand | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{THA}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Ayutthaya | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya | government_footnotes = | government_type = City Municipality | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Somsong Sappakosonlakul | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 14.84 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_m = | population_as_of = 2014 | population_footnotes = | population_note = Registered residents only | population_total = 52,952 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = ICT | utc_offset = +7 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|14|20|52|N|100|33|38|E|region:TH|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 13xxx | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = (+66) 35 | website = ayutthayacity.go.th/ | footnotes = }} Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya ({{lang-th|พระนครศรีอยุธยา}}, {{IPA-th|pʰráʔ ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː ʔā.jút.tʰā.jāː|pron}}; also spelled "Ayudhya"), or locally and simply Ayutthaya, is the former capital of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province in Thailand. Located in the valley of the Chao Phraya River. EtymologyAyutthaya is named after the city of Ayodhya in India, the birthplace of Rama in the Ramayana (Thai, Ramakien); {{lang|th-Latn|phra}} (from Khmer: ព្រះ Preah) is a prefix for a noun concerning a royal person; {{lang|th-Latn|nakhon}} designates an important or capital city (from Sanskrit: Nagar); the Thai honorific sri or si is from the Indian term of veneration Sri. History{{Main article|Ayutthaya Kingdom}}Ayutthaya was founded in 1351{{ref label|reference_name_a|a|a}} by King U Thong, who went there to escape a smallpox outbreak in Lop Buri and proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom, often referred to as the Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam. Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai.[3] It is estimated that Ayutthaya by the year 1600 had a population of about 300,000, with the population perhaps reaching 1,000,000 around 1700, making it one of the world's largest cities at that time,[4] when it was sometimes known as the "Venice of the East".[5][6] In 1767, the city was destroyed by the Burmese army, resulting in the collapse of the kingdom. The ruins of the old city are preserved in the Ayutthaya historical park,[7] which is recognised internationally as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins, characterised by the prang (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, give an idea of the city's past splendour.[8] Modern Ayutthaya was refounded a few kilometres to the east. GeographyThe city is about {{convert|40|mi|km}} north of Bangkok.[9] ClimateAyutthaya, located in the central plains, is affected by three seasons:
|location = Ayutthaya |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 31.0 |Feb high C = 33.3 |Mar high C = 35.4 |Apr high C = 35.9 |May high C = 34.3 |Jun high C = 32.6 |Jul high C = 32.0 |Aug high C = 31.4 |Sep high C = 31.3 |Oct high C = 31.3 |Nov high C = 30.7 |Dec high C = 30.0 |year high C = 32.4 |Jan low C = 17.0 |Feb low C = 19.4 |Mar low C = 22.3 |Apr low C = 24.3 |May low C = 24.5 |Jun low C = 24.3 |Jul low C = 24.0 |Aug low C = 23.8 |Sep low C = 23.5 |Oct low C = 22.5 |Nov low C = 20.0 |Dec low C = 17.4 |year low C = 21.9 |Jan rain mm = 2.4 |Feb rain mm = 18.8 |Mar rain mm = 43.5 |Apr rain mm = 67.9 |May rain mm = 208.0 |Jun rain mm = 223.0 |Jul rain mm = 180.8 |Aug rain mm = 260.0 |Sep rain mm = 213.9 |Oct rain mm = 167.6 |Nov rain mm = 37.1 |Dec rain mm = 0.8 |rain colour = green |year rain mm = |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 1 |Mar rain days = 4 |Apr rain days = 6 |May rain days = 15 |Jun rain days = 16 |Jul rain days = 17 |Aug rain days = 19 |Sep rain days = 17 |Oct rain days = 12 |Nov rain days = 3 |Dec rain days = 1 |source 1 = Thai Meteorological Department[10] |date=August 2010 }} Ayutthaya City SitesNotable cultural sites
Museums
Other tourism sites
The city is located at the junction of the Chao Phraya, Lopburi and Pa Sak rivers, and on the main north-south railway linking Chiang Mai to Bangkok. The old city is on an island formed by a bend of the Chao Phraya on the west and south sides, the Pa Sak on the east side and the Klong Muang canal on the northern side. The approximate centre of the old city is {{coord|14|20|N|100|34|E}}. TransportAyutthaya is accessible by air and rail. AirThe closest airport is Bangkok’s Don Mueang International Airport, a hub for regional budget carriers. An elevated walkway connects Terminal 1 to the Don Muang Train Station, where can catch one of the Ayutthaya-bound trains that regularly roll through.[11] RailTrains to Ayutthaya leave Bangkok's Hua Lamphong Station approximately every hour between 04:20 am. and 10:00 pm. The 3rd class fare is 15 bahts for the 1.5 hour trip. Train schedules are available from the information booth at Hua Lamphong Station, Bangkok.[12] In fiction
GalleryNotes{{refbegin}}{{note label|reference_name_a|a|a}} The city was founded on Friday, the 6th day of the waxing moon of the 5th month, 1893 Buddhist Era, corresponding to Friday, 4 March 1351 Common Era, according to the calculation of the Fine Arts Department of Thailand.[15]{{refend}}References1. ^ 2. ^http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/09/06/headlines/headlines_30012911.php 3. ^{{cite web|title=Historic City of Ayutthaya - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/576|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=24 August 2012}} 4. ^George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-9676230-1-6}}. See also Evolutionary World Politics Homepage. 5. ^{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-travel/Ayutthaya-Thailands-historic-city/articleshow/3307967.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Ayutthaya, Thailand's historic city | date=2008-07-31}} 6. ^{{cite book |isbn=974-8225-60-7 |title=Ayutthaya: Venice of the East |author=Derick Garnier |publisher=River books |year=2004}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.thailandsworld.com/ayutthaya/index.cfm | title = Ayutthaya Historical Park | accessdate = 2011-09-22 | publisher = Asia's World Publishing Limited}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/576 | title = Historic City of Ayutthaya | accessdate = 2011-09-22 | publisher = UNESCO}} 9. ^Bellamy, Patrick. "The Hunt." Hambali: Mastermind of Terror. Crime Library. Retrieved on March 17, 2014. 10. ^{{cite web | title = 30 year Average (1961-1990) - AYUTTHAYA | url = http://www.tmd.go.th/EN/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48415 | publisher = Thai Meteorological Department | accessdate = 2011-11-12}} 11. ^https://www.travelfish.org/transport/thailand/bangkok_and_surrounds/ayutthaya/ayutthaya/all 12. ^http://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Temples_Ruins_Introduction.html 13. ^{{cite video| title=Mortal Kombat (Laser disc) Audio Commentary, UPC: 014381302165}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://fightingstreet.com/folders/variousinfofolder/buddhastatue/buddhastatue.html |title=The Buddha Statue |publisher=Fightingstreet.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}} 15. ^{{cite book | title = Prachum Phongsawadan Chabap Kanchanaphisek Lem Nueng | script-title=th:ประชุมพงศาวดาร ฉบับกาญจนาภิเษก เล่ม ๑ | trans-title = Golden Jubilee Collection of Historical Archives, Volume 1 | year = 1999 | publisher = Fine Arts Department of Thailand | location = Bangkok | isbn = 9744192151 | language = Thai | page = 211 | editor-last1 = Rotchanaratha | editor-first1 = Wina }} Further reading
External links{{commons category|Ayutthaya (city)}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Ayuthia}}
7 : Populated places in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province|1350 establishments in Asia|Populated places established in the 1350s|Buddhist pilgrimages|Cities and towns in Thailand|14th-century establishments in Siam|Populated places on the Chao Phraya River |
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