“Primian of Carthage”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Primian (Primianus) was an early Christian Bishop of Carthage, and leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa. Seen as a moderate by some in his faction, he was a controversial figure in a time of fragmentation of the Donatists, a reactionary branch of Christianity.

Biography

He was the Bishop of Carthage, and hence the leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa.^[1]^[2]^[3]

He had succeeded Parmenian as bishop in about 391,^[4] winning a tightly-fought election for the role.^[5] His rival, Maximian, a relative of the founder of their movement, saw him as a lax and conformist appeaser.

The rivalry did not end with the election. In 393 a council was called by Maximian where forty of the sixty-five Donatist bishops sided with Maximianus over Primian,^[6] causing a split in the Donatist ranks. He was accused of readmitting the Claudianist faction back to the Donatist movement.^[7] Three years of proceedings in the Roman civil courts saw Primian retake Maximianist-held basilicas in Musti, Assuras and Membressa.^[8] A number of the bishops split with Primian to follow Maximianus, forming their own short-lived schism.

Primian attended the Council of Bagai, at which he is said to have taunted his opponents.^[9] He also attended the Council of Carthage (411),^[10] where he made comment condemning the actions of Cyprian, the Donatist bishop of Tubursica, for immorality.^[11]^[12]

References

1. ^[https://www.ccel.org/ccel/wace/biodict.html?term=Primianus,%20Donatist%20bp.%20of%20Carthage Primianus, Donatist bp. of Carthage] at Christian Classic Library.
2. ^Peter Linehan, Janet L Nelson, The Medieval World (Routledge, 2013) p565.
3. ^Caroline Humfress, Orthodoxy and the Courts in Late Antiquity (OUP Oxford, 2007) [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3XYSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=Primianus+of+Carthage&source=bl&ots=qhekTvgTjN&sig=rdSjBYvmdzMTiTj-FIelYQ6D-lQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6h9PP1NfRAhXIWrwKHW9OCqUQ6AEIKDAE#v=onepage&q=Primianus%20of%20Carthage&f=false p188].
4. ^Mesnage, Joseph; Toulotte, Anatole (1912). L'Afrique chrétienne : évêchés et ruines antiques. Description de l'Afrique du Nord. Musées et collections archéologiques de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie (in French). 17. Paris: E. Leroux. pp. 1–19. OCLC 609155089.
5. ^Henry Chadwick, The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great (Oxford University Press, 2001) [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=f73mCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA388&lpg=PA388&dq=Primianus+of+Carthage&source=bl&ots=Di1OenVrHY&sig=VolDB_efTFxXogPKsB_fLqqyRgA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6h9PP1NfRAhXIWrwKHW9OCqUQ6AEINzAI#v=onepage&q=Primianus%20of%20Carthage&f=false p388].
6. ^Shira L. Lander, Ritual Sites and Religious Rivalries in Late Roman North Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2016) [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-AhQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=Primianus+of+Carthage&source=bl&ots=2sz6xB1Lq7&sig=XPpdh7gIBBizwO3dQV9rTobSmEc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6h9PP1NfRAhXIWrwKHW9OCqUQ6AEIMTAG#v=onepage&q=Primianus%20of%20Carthage&f=false p148].
7. ^Alban Butler, The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints (1821), p480.
8. ^Shira L. Lander, Ritual Sites and Religious Rivalries in Late Roman North Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2016) [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-AhQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=Primianus+of+Carthage&source=bl&ots=2sz6xB1Lq7&sig=XPpdh7gIBBizwO3dQV9rTobSmEc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6h9PP1NfRAhXIWrwKHW9OCqUQ6AEIMTAG#v=onepage&q=Primianus%20of%20Carthage&f=false p148].
9. ^[https://www.ccel.org/ccel/wace/biodict.html?term=Primianus,%20Donatist%20bp.%20of%20Carthage Primianus, Donatist bp. of Carthage] at Christian Classics Library].
10. ^Alban Butler, The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints (1821), p484.
11. ^Augustine. contra. Petil. iii. 34, 40.
12. ^See also Dr. Sparrow Simpson, St. Augustine, and African Church Divisions (1910), p 52.