| 释义 |
- Early life
- Career
- Family
- Death
- Legacy
- References
- External links
Robert Dunbar (December 13, 1812 – September 18, 1890) was a mechanical engineer. He designed the first steam-powered grain elevator in the world and the majority of the first grain elevators in Buffalo, New York City, and Canada. Early life Dunbar was born in Carnbee, Scotland. His birth is recorded as December 13, 1812.{{sfn|Dixon|2008|p=264}} His father was William Dunbar, a mechanical engineer, came from a family line of engineers. Dunbar immigrated with his family to Pickering, Ontario, while a boy of 12.{{sfn|Brown|2009|p=109}} He went to high school and college in Canada.{{sfn|Dixon|2008|p=264}} He took up an interest in mechanics and learned mechanical engineering.{{sfn|Hall|1896|p=265}} Career Dunbar took charge of the ship yard at Niagara, Ontario, in 1832. He renovated the docks and its machinery. Dunbar later settled in Black Rock, Buffalo, New York, in 1834. He associated himself with Charles W. Evans and constructed flourmills.{{sfn|Brown|2009|p=109}} With financing by entrepreneur Joseph Dart, Dunbar designed and built at Buffalo in 1842 the first steam-powered grain elevator in the world.{{sfn|Dixon|2008|p=264}} The invention had a profound effect on Buffalo and the movement of grains on the Great Lakes and the world:[2] {{Quote|The grain elevator developed as a mechanical solution to the problem of raising grain from the lake boats to bulk storage bins where it remained until being lowered for shipment on canal boats or railroad car. Less than fifteen years after Joseph Dart's invention of the grain elevator, Buffalo had become the world's largest grain port, surpassing Odessa, Russia; London, England; and Rotterdam, Holland.}}He built nearly all the grain elevators in Buffalo which put the city as one of the largest grain markets in the United States.{{sfn|Tarbet|2015|p=8}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1922|p=720}} Dunbar built and designed the majority of the first grain elevators in Canada and New York City.{{sfn|Tarbet|2015|p=8}} He constructed other grain elevators in Liverpool and Hull in England and in Odessa, Russia.{{sfn|Tarbet|2015|p=8}} He constructed grain elevators in many other grain shipping ports around the world.{{sfn|Tarbet|2015|p=8}} Dunbar's grain elevator innovations are still in use. Dunbar was senior partner in a firm called Robert Dunbar & Son. They were grain elevator architects, engineers, and contractors. Dunbar became a wealthy man because of his innovations in grain elevators.{{sfn|Hall|1896|p=266}} Family Dunbar married Sarah M. Howell on August 26, 1840. Two of his sons were William J. Dunbar and Robert Dunbar. A third son, George H. Dunbar, became proprietor of The Eagle Iron Works of Buffalo. He also had two daughters, Mary G. Dunbar and Emma G. Dunbar.{{sfn|Hall|1896|p=266}} Death Dunbar died September 18, 1890.{{sfn|Dixon|2008|p=264}} Legacy He is known as "the father of the great grain elevator system."{{sfn|Dixon|2008|p=264}}{{sfn|Hall|1896|p=265}}{{sfn|Welch|1891|p=154}} References 1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Nomination – Great Northern Grain Elevator 250 Ganson Street, Buffalo, NY |url=http://www.buffaloah.com/a/ganson/250/index.html |publisher=Buffalo Preservation Board |date=April 10, 2010 |accessdate=October 2, 2015}}
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}}{{refbegin}}- {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D|first1=Scott Derek |last1=Behrens |url=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/14860/Behrens_umd_0117N_14879.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Thesis: From Grain to Waste: Repurposing Buffalo’s Grain Elevators |quote="In 1842, Dart built the first steam-powered grain elevator" |id={{hdl|1903/14860}} }}
- {{cite book|last=Brown|first=William J.|title=American Colossus: The Grain Elevator, 1843 to 1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnwiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|year=2009|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-578-01261-2|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda S.|title=Twenty-first-century Perspectives on Nineteenth-century Art: Essays in Honor of Gabriel P. Weisberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGPPe8l-HmwC&pg=PA264|year=2008|publisher=Associated University Presse|isbn=978-0-87413-011-9|quote= In 1842, Dart financed the construction of the first steam-powered grain elevator, the name by which these new structures for storing, weighing, and shipping grain came to be called. |ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal |last= Green |first= H.J. |last2= |first2= |date=1888 |title= Buffalo's First Elevators and Mills |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ShBQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA437 |journal= The Northwestern Miller|publisher=Miller Publishing Company |volume=26 |issue= |page= 437|ref= harv|access-date=October 1, 2015|quote=To Joseph Dart is due the honor of erecting the first storage and transfer steam-powered elevator in the world.}}
- {{cite book|last=Hall|first=Henry |title=America's Successful Men of Affairs: The United States at large|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hp0MAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA265|year=1896|publisher=New York tribune|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |title=The Beginnings of Buffalo Industry |first1=Robert |last1=Holder |url=http://bechsed.nylearns.org/pdf/low/The%20Beginning%20of%20Buffalo%20Industry.pdf |format=PDF|date=August 2013 |pages=5–6 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last=Kane |first=Joseph Nathan |date=1997 |title=Famous First Facts, Fifth Edition |url= |location= |publisher=The H. W. Wilson Company |quote= The first grain elevator operated by steam to transfer and store grain for commercial purposes was designed by Robert Dunbar and made by Jewett and Root for Joseph Dart, Buffalo, NY, in 1842. The first cargo of corn was unloaded on June 22, 1843, from the South America.|isbn=0-8242-0930-3|ref=harv}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.buffaloah.com/h/dart/ |title=History of Buffalo – Joseph Dart |first1=Chuck |last1=LaChiusa |publisher=Center for the Study of Art, Architecture, History and Nature |date=2014 |accessdate=October 2, 2015 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last=Tarbet|first=David W. |title=Grain Dust Dreams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Er2_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|date=26 June 2015|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-5818-2|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last=Welch|first=Samuel Manning |title=Home History: Recollections of Buffalo During the Decade from 1830 to 1840, Or, Fifty Years Since : Descriptive and Illustrative, with Incidents and Anecdotes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkBSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA154|year=1891|publisher=Peter Paul & Bro.|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last=Zimmer|first=George Frederick |title=The Mechanical Handling and Storing of Material: Being a Treatise on the Automatic and Semi-automatic Handling and Storing of Commercial Products|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcpKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA720|year=1922|publisher=C. Lockwood and Son|ref=harv}}
{{refend}} External links - {{cite web|publisher=Historical Marker Project |url=http://www.historicalmarkerproject.com/markers/HM1LV3_the-first-grain-elevator-early-grain-elevators_Buffalo-NY.html |work=The Industrial Heritage Trail |title=The First Grain Elevator: Early Grain Elevators |quote="It was during this time that Buffalo entrepreneur Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar constructed the first steam-powered grain elevator and storage warehouse in the world."|accessdate=October 1, 2015}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunbar, Robert}} 6 : 1812 births|1890 deaths|Canadian inventors|Canadian mechanical engineers|Scottish inventors|Scottish mechanical engineers |