| 词条 | Bełżec, Lublin Voivodeship |
| 释义 |
| name = Bełżec | settlement_type = Village | total_type = | image_skyline = File:SA134-018.jpg | image_caption = Bełżec Station | image_flag = | image_shield =POL Bełżec COA.svg | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Lublin | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Tomaszów Lubelski | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Bełżec | coordinates = {{coord|50|23|N|23|26|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | elevation_m = | population_total = 2723 | website = http://www.belzec.pl }}{{For|the Nazi German extermination camp|Bełżec extermination camp}}Bełżec ({{IPA-pl|ˈbɛu̯ʐɛt͡s|pron}}) is a village in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bełżec. It lies approximately {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} south of Tomaszów Lubelski and {{convert|114|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south-east of the regional capital Lublin.[1] The village is located in the historical region Galicia.[2] During World War II it was the site of the Nazi Belzec extermination camp. HistoryAlready in 1887 Bełżec received rail connection to Lwów, one of the largest agglomerations in the region, via Rawa Ruska (now in western Ukraine). Bełżec became a full-fledged rail hub in 1916, with the brand new connection to Lublin via Rejowiec and a layover yard with a big engine-house.[3] During World War II, the village laid on the border of three new districts of General Government created by Nazi Germany: Distrikt Lublin with the capital in Lublin, Distrikt Krakau centered on Kraków, and District Galizien (created on 1 September 1941 soon after Operation Barbarossa) with the capital in Lwów. Some 1 million Polish Jews lived there during the Holocaust in occupied Poland in the so-called Lublin reservation. That's why, at a nearby Kozielsk Hill some {{convert|500|m}} from the railway station, Nazi Germany built the first stationary gas chambers of the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Between 430,000 and 500,000 people are believed to have been murdered at the Bełżec extermination camp between March and December 1942.[3] The Bełżec station was bombed by a Soviet warplane on July 4, 1944, setting fire to munitions and explosives from the German military cargo train. The ensuing explosions and fires consumed over 50 nearby buildings along with the train station itself. Several railway workers were killed. The historic train station was never rebuilt. A new one was erected half-a-kilometre distance in postwar Poland.[4] {{multiple image| align = left | header = Points of interest | total_width = 467 | image1 = Poland Belzec - extermination camp mausoleum.jpg | width1 = 270 | height1 = | caption1 = Extermination camp mausoleum | image2 = Belzec lubelskie wies cerkiew 012.JPG | width2 = 197 | height2 = | caption2 = Orthodox church of St. Vasily, 1756 }}{{clear-left}} References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa |title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) |date=2008-06-01 |language=Polish}} 2. ^http://www.austriahungary.info/en/gazetteer1900/galizien/rawa_ruska 3. ^{{citation|url=http://www.belzec.org.pl/ |title=Decyzja o podjęciu akcji 'Reinhardt' |publisher=Muzeum-Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu, Oddział Państwowego Muzeum na Majdanku |author=MMPwB |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820090521/http://www.belzec.org.pl/ |archivedate=August 20, 2009 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://belzec.republika.pl/kolej.html | title=Kolej w Bełżcu (Railway in Bełżec) | publisher=Wirtualny Bełżec | accessdate=February 26, 2013 | language=Polish | format=Overview and gallery of photographs}} External links{{commonscat-inline|Bełżec}}{{Gmina Bełżec}}{{coord|50|23|N|23|26|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Belzec, Lublin Voivodeship}} 2 : Villages in Tomaszów Lubelski County|Holocaust locations in Poland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。