| 词条 | Bhavani River |
| 释义 |
| name = Bhavani River | name_native = பவானி ஆறு | name_native_lang = ta | image = Westernghats river gobi.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Bhavani river | pushpin_map = | map = Topo map Attappati Reserve Forest.jpg | map_caption = Headwaters of the Bhavani river in Attappati Reserve Forest | source1_location = Silent Valley | mouth_location = Kaveri River | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = Cities | subdivision_name2 = Udagamandalam, Mettupalayam, Sathyamangalam, Gobichettipalayam, Bhavani | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | length = {{convert|215|km}} }} Bhavani is a major river in Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu, India. It's a major tributary of the Kaveri River. HydrographyBhavani river originates from Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats, enters the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and flows back towards Tamil Nadu.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The Bhavani is a {{convert|217|km|mi|adj=on}} long perennial river fed mostly by the southwest monsoon and supplemented by the northeast monsoon. Its watershed drains an area of {{convert|0.62|e6ha|mi2}} spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), Kerala (9%) and Karnataka (4%). The main river courses majorly through Coimbatore district and Erode district in Tamil Nadu. About 90 per cent of the river's water is used for agriculture irrigation. TributariesTwelve major rivulets including West and East Varagar rivers join Bhavani draining the southern Nilgiri slopes. At Mukkali, Bhavani takes an abrupt 120-degree turn towards the northeast and flows for another {{convert|25|km|mi}} through Attappady plateau. It gets reinforced by the Kunda river coming from the north. Siruvani river, a perennial stream and the Kodungarapallam river, flowing from the south and southeast respectively join the Bhavani at Kerala-Tamil Nadu border.[1] The river then flows east along the base of Nilgiris and enters the plains near Bathra Kaliamman temple at Mettupalayam after joining with Coonoor river coming from northwest. About {{convert|30|km|mi}} downstream, Moyar River, a major tributary originating in Mudumalai National Park, flows in from the northwest, where it drains the valley between the northern slopes of the Nilgiris and the southern slopes of the Bilgiri Hills. After the Moyar it is blocked by the Lower Bhavani Dam, feeding Lower Bhavani Project Canal near Sathyamangalam in Erode District. The river continues east for over {{convert|160|km|mi}} through Erode District, traversing Kodiveri Dam, near Gobichettipalayam which feeds the Arakkankottai and Thadappalli canals constructed for agricultural purposes.[2] A small barrage across the river was built by Kalingarayan in 1283 AD to feed the {{convert|56|mi|km|adj=on|order=flip}} Kalingarayan irrigation canal.[3] The river joins Kaveri at Kooduthurai near Sangameswarar Temple, Bhavani where it is believed that the mystic Sarasvati River also joins the confluence.[4][5] Dams{{multiple image|direction=vertical |image1=BhavaniSagarDam.JPG |caption1=Bhavanisagar dam |image2=Kodiveri.jpg |caption2=Kodiveri dam }}
The dam is {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}} high. The full reservoir level is {{convert|120|ft|abbr=on}} and the dam has a capacity of {{convert|32.8|e9cuft|abbr=on}}.[7] The dam has two hydel power stations, one on the east bank canal and the other on the Bhavani river. Each has a capacity of {{convert|16|MW}} for a total capacity of {{convert|32|MW}}.[7]
PollutionIndustrial, municipal and agricultural pollution of the river results in poor water quality and negative impacts on the health of people, plants and animals dependent on the river water.[9] References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/human-chain-formed-against-kerala-s-plan-to-build-dam-on-river-siruvani-236005 |title=Human chain formed against Kerala's plan to build dam on River Siruvani|work=NDTV|date=26 June 2012}} {{Hydrography of Tamil Nadu}}{{Bhavani River}}{{Kaveri River}}{{commons category|Bhavani River}}{{coord|11|26|N|77|41|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QQluAAAAMAAJ&q=kongalvan&dq=kongalvan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAWoVChMImLiUkuLsxwIVUhqOCh3aUAF2 |title=Indian Archaeology, a Review|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|year=1994}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011700470300.htm|title=Kalingarayan Canal is 725 years old|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=29 January 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/performing-rituals-at-kooduthurai-becomes-risky/article4024478.ece|title=Performing rituals at Kooduthurai becomes risky|date=23 October 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bhavanisangameswarartemple.tnhrce.in/|title=Arulmigu Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple|publisher=TNHRCE|access-date=29 December 2015}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.erode.tn.nic.in/tourism.htm|title=Tourist Information for Erode district|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 February 2016}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal|url=http://www.cstibhavanisagar.org/pdf/csti/UNIQUENESS%20OF%20BHAVANISAGAR%20DAM.pdf|title=Uniqueness of Bhavanisagar dam|publisher=CSTI|access-date=1 February 2016}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_resourcemgt_water_res_bhavanisagardam.pdf|title=Bhavanisagar dam|publisher=TNAU|access-date=1 February 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/river-bhavani.htm|title=River Bhavani|publisher=rainwaterharvesting.org|access-date=8 August 2007}} 6 : Bhavani River|Rivers of Tamil Nadu|Rivers of Palakkad district|Ancient Indian rivers|Sacred rivers|Rivers of India |
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