| 词条 | Soviet destroyer Ryany (1937) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Ryany was one of 29 {{sclass-|Gnevny|destroyer}}s (officially known as Project 7) built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Completed in 1939, she was assigned to the Pacific Fleet. Design and descriptionHaving decided to build the large and expensive {{convert|40|kn|lk=in|adj=on}} {{sclass-|Leningrad|destroyer|0}} destroyer leaders, the Soviet Navy sought Italian assistance in designing smaller and cheaper destroyers. They licensed the plans for the {{sclass-|Folgore|destroyer|4}} and, in modifying it for their purposes, overloaded a design that was already somewhat marginally stable.[1] The Gnevnys had an overall length of {{convert|112.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|10.2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and a draft of {{convert|4.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} at deep load. The ships were significantly overweight, almost {{convert|200|MT|LT|0|lk=on}} heavier than designed, displacing {{convert|1612|MT|LT}} at standard load and {{convert|2039|MT|LT}} at deep load. Their crew numbered 197 officers and sailors in peacetime and 236 in wartime.[2] The ships had a pair of geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, rated to produce {{convert|48000|shp|lk=on|abbr=on}}, using steam from three water-tube boilers, which were intended to give them a maximum speed of {{convert|37|kn}}.[3] The designers had been conservative in rating the turbines, and many of the ships handily exceeded their designed speed during their sea trials. Others fell considerably short of it. Ryany reached {{convert|38.6|kn}} during her trials in 1939. Variations in fuel oil capacity meant that the range of the Gnevnys varied between {{convert|1670|and|3145|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|19|kn|abbr=on}}. Ryany herself demonstrated a range of {{convert|2700|nmi|abbr=on}} at that speed.[4] As built, the Gnevny-class ships mounted four {{convert|130|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} B-13 guns in two pairs of superfiring single mounts fore and aft of the superstructure. Antiaircraft defense was provided by a pair of {{convert|76.2|mm|adj=on|abbr=on|1}} 34-K AA guns in single mounts and a pair of {{convert|45|mm|adj=on|abbr=on}} 21-K AA guns[5] as well as two {{convert|12.7|mm|adj=on|sp=us}} DK or DShK machine guns. They carried six {{cvt|533|mm|in|adj=on|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes in two rotating triple mounts; each tube was provided with a reload. The ships could also carry a maximum of either 60 or 95 mines and 25 depth charges. They were fitted with a set of Mars hydrophones for antisubmarine work, although they were useless at speeds over {{convert|3|kn|abbr=on}}.[6] The ships were equipped with two K-1 paravanes intended to destroy mines and a pair of depth-charge throwers.[7] Construction and serviceMajor components for the ship that became Ryany were laid down at Shipyard No. 198 (Andre Marti South) in Nikolayev on 31 December 1935 as yard number 315 and were then railed to Vladivostok for completion at Shipyard No. 202 (Dalzavod) where the ship was laid down again on 18 September 1936. She was launched on 24 September 1937[8] and commissioned into the Pacific Fleet on 11 August 1939.[9] Citations1. ^Yakubov & Worth, pp. 99, 102–103 2. ^Yakubov & Worth, p. 101 3. ^Budzbon, p. 330 4. ^Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 106–107 5. ^Hill, p. 40 6. ^Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 105–106 7. ^Berezhnoy, p. 335 8. ^Rohwer & Monakov, p. 233 9. ^Yakubov & Worth, p. 110 Sources
Further reading
3 : Gnevny-class destroyers|1937 ships|Ships built at the Black Sea Shipyard |
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