1. Origin
    The Big Boy mascot  Big Boy statues   Adventures of the Big Boy comic book    Variations    Cancellation  

2. Food
    The Big Boy hamburger  Other core menu items 

3. Philosophy and practices

4. Regional franchises
    Operation and history   Franchising costs today   Roster of named franchisees   Outside the United States    Big Boy Restaurants International  

5. See also

6. Notes

7. References

8. Further reading

9. External links

Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC is an American restaurant chain headquartered in Warren, Michigan, in Metro Detroit.^[4] Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants is a restaurant chain with its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Big Boy name, design aesthetic, and menu were previously licensed to a number of regional franchisees.

Big Boy was started as Bob's Pantry in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale, California.{{r| "Hansen 2002"|page=11}} The restaurants became known as "Bob's", "Bob's Drive-Ins",^[5][5]{{#tag:ref|In a 1947 training film, the office door is lettered Bob's Drive-In and although large mascots appear atop the building, nowhere is Bob's Big Boy mentioned.^[7]|group="note" }} "Bob's, Home of the Big Boy Hamburger",^[5] and (commonly as) Bob's Big Boy. It became a local chain under that name and nationally under the Big Boy name, franchised by Robert C. Wian Enterprises. Marriott Corporation bought Big Boy in 1967. One of the larger franchise operators, Elias Brothers, purchased the chain from Marriott in 1987, moved the headquarters of the company to Warren, Michigan, and operated it until bankruptcy was declared in 2000. During the bankruptcy, the chain was sold to investor Robert Liggett, Jr., who took over as Chairman, renamed the company Big Boy Restaurants International and maintained the headquarters in Warren. The company is the operator or franchisor for 77 Big Boy restaurants in the United States.^{[6][7][8][9][13]} Big Boy Restaurants International also licenses 279 Big Boy restaurants operating in Japan.^[3][15]

Immediately after Liggett's purchase, Big Boy Restaurants International—then known as Liggett Restaurant Enterprises—negotiated an agreement with the other large franchise operator, Frisch's Restaurants. The Big Boy trademarks in Kentucky, Indiana, and most of Ohio and Tennessee transferred to Frisch's ownership; all other Frisch's territories transferred to Liggett.^[10][11]{{#tag:ref|As a franchisee, the Elias Brothers bankruptcy threatened Frisch's future use of the Big Boy trademark.^[18]|group="note" }} Thus Frisch's is no longer a franchisee, but Big Boy Restaurants International and Frisch's are now independent co-registrants of the Big Boy name and trademark.^[12] Frisch's operates or franchises 121 Big Boy restaurants in the United States.^[13][14]

Origin

The Big Boy mascot

The chain is best known for its trademark chubby boy in red-and-white checkered overalls holding a Big Boy sandwich (double-decker cheeseburger). The inspiration for Big Boy's name, as well as the model for its mascot, was Richard Woodruff (1932{{ndash}}1986) of Glendale, California.^[15] When he was six years old, Woodruff walked into the diner Bob's Pantry as Bob Wian was attempting to name his new hamburger. Wian said, "Hello, Big Boy" to Woodruff, and the name stuck. Warner Bros. animation artist Ben Washam sketched Richard's caricature, which became the character seen on the company trademark.{{#tag:ref|Shoes were added to Washam's bare-footed Big Boy sketch. | group="note" }}

In 1955, Bob Wian hired Manfred Bernhard, son of graphic designer Lucian Bernhard,{{r|"Hansen 2002"|page=12}} to create a new public image for Big Boy.^[23] Bernhard was not impressed with Washam's mascot, saying it was sloppy and had a moronic expression.^[23] The "West Coast Big Boy" mascot was revised, fiberglass statues molded, schemes created for menus and building designs, and a comic book for children launched.

In 1951, Bob Wian's original franchisee Dave Frisch developed a slightly different Big Boy character. He was slimmer, wore a side cap, saddle shoes and striped overalls. Having reddish or blonde hair he was portrayed in a running pose.{{#tag:ref|"Big Boy" wasn't written on the chest of the East Coast mascot. It was written on the side cap in the comic book, but otherwise it was written on the sleeve and the franchise name written on the side cap.| group="note" }} Known as the "East Coast Big Boy", he was copyrighted by Frisch's and used for statues and comic books for Frisch's, and its subfranchisees Manners and Azar's. Before 1954, Parkette (Shoney's) used both versions, though never together.^[25][16] Since 1956, the Wian "West Coast Big Boy" design was used exclusively by all franchisees other than Frisch's, Manners and Azar's. In the late 1960s, both characters were redrawn to appear similar, incorporating the checkered outfit, pompadour and hamburger above the raised arm from the West Coast design, and the running pose and direction of the East Coast design. In the 1980s, the hamburger was removed from the West Coast design; representing a de-emphasis of the hamburger in North American Big Boy restaurants, it also accommodated the Japanese Big Boy restaurants, which do not serve hamburgers on a bun.

Big Boy statues

Early versions of the West Coast Big Boy statues were gigantic, measuring up to 16 feet tall^[24][25] with later versions as short as 4 feet.^[26] The early statues always included the Big Boy hamburger above mascot's raised right arm; much later versions eliminated the hamburger with both arms clutching the suspenders instead. The hamburger remained a part of the Frisch's East Coast statues, though the slingshot was eliminated from the figure's back pocket. Although still used by that chain, some Frisch's restaurants currently display the West Coast statue instead.

In recent years, Big Boy statues have come into conflict with local zoning ordinances. In 2002, Tony Matar, a Big Boy franchisee in Canton, Michigan was cited in violation of local sign ordinances. The town claimed the statue was a prohibited second sign; Matar asserted that the 7 foot statue was a sculpture, not a sign.^[27] A 2004 compromise allows the existing statue to remain with the words "Big Boy" removed from the figure's bib.^[28] When a Brighton, Michigan franchise closed in early 2015 for financial reasons, zoning codes caused the entire sign—topped with a rotating Big Boy statue—be taken down before the restaurant could be reopened.^[29] In contrast the planning commission in Norco, California—known as Horsetown USA—was concerned that the statue was not western enough. In response, the restaurant's Big Boy statue is now outfitted wearing a cowboy hat and boots.^[30]

A few other modified statues are in official use. In Cincinnati's Great American Ball Park, a Frisch's statue is painted wearing a 1970s Reds baseball uniform with a Reds ball cap added. Frisch's Big Boy hamburgers are sold at two of the park's concession booths.^[31] Rather than modifying a typical statue, the Big Boy restaurants in Manistique^[32][33] and St. Ignace,^[34] Michigan display full scale moose statues dressed in checkered overalls with "Big Boy" printed across the chest. To conform with Gaylord, Michigan's Alpine theme, the local restaurant's statue previously wore a green Tyrolean hat.^[35] (The restaurant was rebuilt in 2016, and no longer displays the modified statue.)

In March 2017, Frisch's unveiled a restyled statue. The new statue resembles the West Coast design but wears striped overalls like the original East Coast Big Boy.^[36] The debut statue wearing a Reds uniform is placed near the existing statue at Great American Ball Park; another is planned for an unnamed Frisch's restaurant.^[37] Frisch's will gradually swap the new statues for existing restaurant statues in need of repair.^[36]

Because of the closing or separation of former Big Boy restaurants, many West Coast statues were acquired by private individuals, often traded through eBay.^[38][39] Smaller versions of the statues are sold as coin banks and bobblehead figures.^[40] The three dimensional Big Boy figure was also used on early ash trays,^[41] salt and pepper shakers,^[42] wooden counter displays and as small unpainted pewter models.^[43]

Gigantic air inflatable Big Boy figures are available and typically used for restaurant openings and special promotions, where permitted.^[44]

Adventures of the Big Boy comic book

Manfred Bernhard commissioned Timely Comics to produce the book. In the first year, Adventures of the Big Boy was managed by Sol Brodsky, written by Stan Lee and drawn by Bill Everett, Brodsky, and Dan DeCarlo.^[49]{{r|"Miller 1996"}}^[50]{{#tag:ref|Mike Sekowsky may have also drawn in the first year.{{r|"Miller 1996"}}| group="note" }} DeCarlo continued drawing in the second year and Lee writing the series through 1961.^[51]{{#tag:ref|Lettering in early issues was credited to Artie Simek; coloring and possibly some drawing was by Stan Goldberg.^[49]| group="note" }} For 17 years, starting in the mid 1970s, Manny Stallman drew the (Marriott) series,^[52] followed by Bob Bindig who drew the series until 1995.{{r|"Miller 1996"}}^[53]{{#tag:ref|Lorina Mapa drew Adventures of the Big Boy, she said for five years;^[54] Jerry Buckley also drew several issues at the end of the run.{{r|"Miller 1996"}}| group="note" }}

Variations

Because of the distinct East and West Coast Big Boy mascots, dual versions of Adventures were produced, identical except for the detail of the Big Boy figure.^[55] In July 1969, the versions merged, and a fluffy brown haired Big Boy appeared.^[55] In 1976, Shoney's discontinued use of the Marriott book, publishing their own instead. Contracted to Paragon Products, this version featured an older, leaner Big Boy, with his siblings Katie and Tripp replacing Dolly and Nugget,{{r|"Miller 1996"}} and was adopted by the JB's and Azar's Big Boy franchises.^[56] After 75 issues, it became Shoney's Fun and Adventure Magazine introducing a Shoney's mascot ("Uncle Ed" bear) in place of Big Boy, allowing it to serve Shoney's non-Big Boy restaurants.{{r|"Miller 1996"}}{{#tag:ref|Comic book artist Sheldon Moldoff drew Adventures of the {{smallcaps|Shoney's}} Big Boy from 1980 past the conversion to the Shoney's Fun and Adventure Magazine.{{r|"Miller 1996"}}| group="note" }}

Cancellation

In 1996, after 39 years and 466 issues,^[56] Big Boy cancelled the comic book and hired Craig Yoe's Yoe! Studio to revamp the characters and produce a magazine styled replacement.^[57][58] After 63 issues, the Big Boy Magazine was itself cancelled in 2008.^[59]

Food

The Big Boy hamburger

The signature Big Boy hamburger is the original double deck hamburger.^[60]

The novel hamburger started as a joke. In February 1937, members of an area big band, who were regular customers, visited Bob's Pantry, one asking, "How about something different, something special?"{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}} [emphasis added].{{#tag:ref|The band member was bass player, Stewie Strange. Hansen said Strange was a member of the Chuck Foster Orchestra.{{r|"Hansen 2002"}} However, Rick Brough in The Newspaper (Park City, Utah) said Strange was a road musician with the Harry Lewis Dance Band.^[61] Lawrence quoted Wian saying it was the Glendale High School Orchestra,{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}} while Searl quoted Wian simply saying it was a big band that Wian used to rehearse with.{{r|"Searl 1986"}}| group="note" }} Bob Wian improvised, creating the first (then unnamed) Big Boy, intending the thing "look ridiculous, like a leaning tower".{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}} Demand for "the special" soared but Wian sought a "snappy" name, which became Big Boy.{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}}{{#tag:ref|Some reports say the Big Boy was first called the Fat Boy hamburger until discovering Fat Boy was a protected trademark.^[25][62]| group="note" }} In 1938, the Big Boy hamburger cost 15¢{{ r | "Hansen 2002" | p=156 }}^[63] ($2.65 in 2018).^[64] The Big Boy costs $6.49 in Michigan, in 2018.^[65]

Several slogans were used from the 1950s through the 1970s to promote the Big Boy hamburger, such as, "A Meal in One on a Double–Deck Bun" and "Twice as Big, Twice as Good". On menus from that period, it was called, "...the Nationally Famous, Original Double–Deck Hamburger...".

The Big Boy hamburger inspired and was the model for other double deck hamburgers. This includes McDonald's Big Mac,^[66] Burger Chef's Big Shef^[67] and Burger King's Big King.^[68][69]

The Big Boy consists of two thin beef patties placed on a three layer bun with lettuce, a single slice of American cheese, and either mayonnaise and red relish (a combination of sweet pickle relish, ketchup and chili sauce),{{r|"Searl 1986"|p=D4}} Big Boy special sauce (often called thousand island dressing) or (at Frisch's, Manners and Azar's) tartar sauce on one or each slice of bun. (Regardless, the Big Boy condiment used was often simply referred to as "special sauce" on menus chainwide.) Wian used a sesame seed bun while Frisch's used a plain bun and included pickles.{{#tag:ref|Frisch's placed pickles above bun bottom, and Manners below the bun top.|group="note"}} The Big Boy hamburger originally called for a quarter pound (4 ounces) of fresh ground beef, but later, franchisees were permitted to use frozen beef patties, and the minimum content reduced to a fifth of a pound to offset increasing food costs. Other specifications were exacting, such as the bun's bottom section being 1½ inches high and the center section ¾ inches, and 1½ ounces of shredded lettuce used.^[70]

Originally, the Big Boy hamburger was the only common menu item required of all Big Boy franchisees.^[70]

Other core menu items

Just as Bob Wian's Big Boy hamburger was served by all franchises, the early franchises also contributed signature menu items. Frisch's provided the "Brawny Lad" and "Swiss Miss" hamburgers, Shoney's contributed the "Slim Jim" sandwich and Hot Fudge Ice Cream Cake, while Strawberry Pie was introduced by Eat'n Park. Hot Fudge Cake and Strawberry Pie remain popular dessert items chainwide but other items were not necessarily offered by all franchises, and franchises would sometimes change the item's name: The "Slim Jim" became the "Buddie Boy" at Frisch's, and Elby's renamed the "Swiss Miss" as the "Brawny Swiss".^[71][72] Similarly, when franchisees left Big Boy, they would typically rebrand the Big Boy hamburger: it became the "Superburger" (Eat'n Park),^[73] the "Buddy Boy" (Lendy's),^[74] the "Big Ben" (Franklin's),^[75] and the "Elby Double Deck hamburger" (Elby's).^[76] Shoney's reintroduced the "Classic Double Decker", somewhat different than the Big Boy, about a decade after leaving.^[77]

Big Boy offers breakfast, burgers and sandwiches, salads, dinner combinations, and various desserts.^[71][78]

Philosophy and practices

Bob Wian developed rules and philosophies about how Big Boy should operate. Besides the (construction of the) Big Boy hamburger he attributed most of his success and that of his franchisees to following these rules.{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}} His fundamental restaurant principles were: "serve the best quality food, at moderate prices, in spotless surroundings, with courtesy and hospitality."^[79][70] He believed "the customer is always right" and instructed employees that, "if any food item is not satisfactory, return it cheerfully and apologize for the error".^[7] Wian said he had five basic rules for building his business: " 'be a good place to work for, sell to, buy from, and invest in. And be a good neighbor in the community.' "{{r|"Finneman 1967"}} He also attributed growth to, "capable management and a conservative policy of not trying to seat more people than can be served or opening more restaurants than can be serviced."{{r|"Finneman 1967"}} If some disruption occurred at a restaurant, such as a new manager or renovation, Wian would postpone advertising until operations would return to his standards.{{r|"Hansen 2002"|page=81}}

Typical of Big Boy restaurants, Elby's Big Boy used a nine step process waiting on dining room customers:^[80]

1. Greet customers within one minute of being seated, serving water and taking beverage orders.
2. Serve beverages and take meal orders.
3. Call in meal orders to kitchen.
4. Place setups (e.g., silverware) and condiments, serve salad items.
5. Watch kitchen (number panel) for completed order and promptly serve meals to table.
   (The kitchen should complete orders within 8 minutes, 10 minutes for steaks.)
6. Check back with customers within a few minutes: "Is everything OK?"
7. Return and place check on table: "'I'll return shortly."
8. Suggest dessert and take dessert orders.
9. Serve desserts or deliver final check, remove empty dishes.

Bob Wian was discerning of employees, hiring wait staff—which he considered a profession—by appearance, intelligence and enthusiasm.^[81] He preferred employees with little or no restaurant experience which afforded training in the Big Boy tradition.^[70][104] Other than wait staff, employees typically started as dishwashers and bus boys, and advanced to short order cooks, and then possibly to management.^[70][79][82]

Bob Wian excelled at franchise relations. He led 20-person training crews to open new Big Boy restaurants,{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}} made periodic nationwide tours of the franchises,^[83] was available for consultations and claimed to know every manager's name.{{r|"Searl 1986"|p=D4}} He also assembled the principal franchisees as board members of the National Big Boy Association to participate in leadership. After Wian left, some Big Boy operators began to question the value of their franchise.^{[84][110][85]}

Regional franchises

Operation and history

In addition to the Big Boy name, the "Big Boy" concept, menu, and mascot were originally licensed to a wide number of regional franchise holders (listed in the next section). Because many of the early franchisees were already in the restaurant business when joining Big Boy, "Big Boy" was added to the franchisee name just as the Big Boy hamburger was added to the franchisee's menu. In this sense it is confusing when referring to a chain, as each named franchisee was itself a chain and Big Boy could be considered a chain of chains. People tend to know Big Boy not simply as Big Boy but as the franchise from where they lived such as Bob's Big Boy in California, Shoney's Big Boy in the south or Frisch's Big Boy in much of Ohio, Marc's Big Boy in the Upper Midwest, among the many others.

Each regional franchisee typically operated a central commissary which prepared or processed foods and sauces to be shipped fresh to their restaurants.^{[86][87][88][115]} However, some items might be prepared at the restaurants daily, such as soups and breading of seafood and onion rings.

Through the 1950s and 1960s, the emphasis changed from drive-in restaurant to coffee shop and family restaurant. New franchisees without existing restaurants signed on. A larger standard menu was developed. Most adopted a common graphic design of menus and promotional items, offered by Big Boy but personalized to the franchise. Stock plans of restaurant designs were provided by Los Angeles architects Armet and Davis or Chicago architectural designer Robert O. Burton, and modified as needed.

In the 1960s, Big Boy and other drive-in restaurants could not compete with the spreading fast food restaurants such as McDonald's and Burger King. Big Boy built its last drive-in in 1964 and by 1976, only 5 of the chain's 930 restaurants offered curb service.^[2][89] Big Boy redefined itself as full service in contrast to fast food. Nonetheless, in the late 1960s and 1970s, Bob's, Shoney's and JB's also opened Big Boy Jr. stores, designed as fast food operations which offered a limited menu. Sometimes called drive-ins, these junior stores did not use carhops.^[90][91][92] In 1993, Marc's Big Boy similarly developed Big Boy Express stores using dual drive-thrus and no interior dining area.^[121] Two Express stores were built, offered for sale a year later and closed in 1995.^[122][123]

Several franchises also had Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises and sold that chicken in their Big Boy restaurants; these included Marc's,^[93] McDowell's,^[94][95] Lendy's and one or more Shoney's subfranchises. The practice was discouraged and Big Boy eventually provided a similar scheme of selling buckets of take out chicken, marketed as Country Style^[96] or Country Cousin Chicken.^[97] Franchises who resisted the change were forced to remove Kentucky Fried Chicken menu items and physically relocate those operations.^[95]

Big Boy's origins as a drive in restaurant, required a much smaller investment to open and much lower costs to operate: a small building having no dining room or limited counter space. Thus persons of modest assets could become Big Boy operators. It was the profits from these operations which allowed not only additional drive ins, but operators to build the modern restaurants with large pleasant dining rooms. Many of the early successful franchisees would probably not have assets (converted to present value) sufficient to join Big Boy today.

By 1979, there were more than a thousand Big Boy restaurants in the U.S. and Canada, and about 20 franchisees. Shoney's, Elias Brothers and Frisch's—charter franchisees—controlled the vast majority.^[98] These mega franchisees paid practically no fees, e.g., Frisch paid $1 per year for its core four state territory. After Bob's, the four original franchisees (in order) were Frisch's, Eat'n Park, Shoney's (originally called "Parkette") and Elias Brothers, all clustered near the state of Ohio. All, including Bob's, remain in operation today, albeit Elias Brothers is simply known as Big Boy, and Eat'n Park and Shoney's dropped Big Boy affiliation in the 1970s and 1980s.

Big Boy developed named franchisees in several ways. Very quickly the Big Boy name and even the Big Boy character were being widely used without permission. Bob Wian, needing Big Boy restaurants operating in multiple states to maintain national (U.S.) trademark protection, offered very generous franchise agreements to Frisch's, Eat'n Park and Parkette (Shoney's). In 1952, Wian instituted a formal franchise process and Elias Brothers became the first such "official" franchisee paying Wian 1% of sales. Bob Wian also settled trademark infringements allowing the rogue operator to become a licensed franchisee, such as McDowell's Big Boy in North Dakota.^[131] Franchisees were permitted to subfranchise; these early subfranchisees often used their own name and operated independently: Frisch's licensed Azar's, and Manners; Shoney's licensed Arnold's, Becker's, Elby's, Lendy's, Shap's, Tune's, and Yoda's.^[132][133] Elby's licensed Franklin's Big Boy in eastern Pennsylvania. Acquisitions and mergers also occurred. In the early 1970s, Frisch's acquired Kip's Big Boy; JB's acquired Vip's, Kebo's, Leo's and Bud's which were rebranded JB's. After buying Big Boy, Elias Brothers bought Elby's and TJ's. Elby's was unique in leaving and rejoining the Big Boy system. When Marriott purchased Big Boy (Wian Enterprises) in 1967, this included Bob's Big Boy. The name "Bob's" would be used by all Marriott owned Big Boys and became common in parts of the eastern U.S. and elsewhere, far away from Bob's historic territory.

Frisch's now owns the "Big Boy" name in a defined four state region, and Azar's and Bob's are licensed by Frisch's Big Boy and Big Boy Restaurants International, respectively. Many of the other former franchise owners (Shoney's, particularly) have expanded into the former territories of other franchise holders.

After buying the Big Boy system from Marriott, Elias Brothers planned to phase out franchise names,^[99] only generally realized by Big Boy Restaurants International after 2000.^[100] This was intended to strengthen the trademark but also prevent defections, such as happened with Shoney's Big Boy retaining identity as Shoney's.^[136][101] The same occurred with Eat'n Park, Elby's, Lendy's, JB's, and Abdow's who kept their names after leaving Big Boy. Big Boy now permits operators to informally identify by location such as Tawas Bay Big Boy in East Tawas, Michigan.^[102]

Unlike most modern franchises, the historic Big Boy franchisees differed somewhat from one another in pricing and menus. After purchasing Big Boy in 1987, Elias Brothers intended to standardize the name and menu, but Bob's, Frisch's and McDowell's (now known as Bismarck Big Boy) continue to offer distinctions from the standard Big Boy menu.^[103]

Franchising costs today

Big Boy Restaurants International and Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants both continue to offer franchises in their exclusive territories, each having 20 year terms. As of 2014, Big Boy Restaurants International charges a $40,000 franchise fee, and an ongoing 4% royalty and up to 3% advertising fees based on weekly gross revenue.^[104][105] (In most of Michigan the franchisee pays a 2% advertising fee and must spend an additional 1% on local advertising. Franchisees in the upper peninsula of Michigan or outside of Michigan pay a ½% advertising fee and must spend 1½% on local advertising.)^[106] As of 2015, Frisch's Big Boy charges a $30,000 franchise fee,^[107] and an ongoing 3¾% royalty and 2½% advertising fees on gross revenue.^[108]{{#tag:ref|By comparison, in 2018, the former Big Boy master franchisee Shoney's Restaurants, charges a $35,000 franchise fee, a 4% royalty and 2¾% advertising fee.^[109] |group="note" }} The majority of Big Boy Restaurant International units are franchised^[104] while the majority of Frisch's units are currently company owned.^[110] Big Boy Restaurants International franchise agreements are not renewable but new agreements are required.^[104]

Roster of named franchisees

Big Boy restaurants were cobranded with at least 34 different names representing various franchisees. These franchisees are listed below with territories, time span, founders and additional notes, as known:

• Abdow's (Western and Central Massachusetts, Connecticut, 1959{{ndash}}1994, founded by George and Ron Abdow and their sister Phyllis Abdow-LaVallee)^[111] Abdow's opened as a Hi-Boy franchisee in 1959 and changed the corporate name to Abdow's Big Boy in 1965.^[112] Other reports say Abdow's was a Big Boy franchise beginning 1959. Abdow's left Big Boy in 1994 over menu conflicts with Elias Brothers, removing 18 restaurants from the national chain.^[113] Now defunct, many converted to Elxsi Corporations's Bickfords Family Restaurants or remain vacant.

• Arnold's (Folsom, Pennsylvania, 1955–?, founders unknown) Arnold's and Tune's operated in the Philadelphia area.^[114]

• Azar's (Northern Indiana, Colorado, 1953+,^[115][110]{{#tag:ref|Some sources, including a 1986 Azar's menu, say 1954.^[116]| group="note" }} founded by brothers Alex, David and George Azar) Opened in Ft. Wayne, Indiana as a Frisch's subfranchise and in 1967 expanded to the Denver, Colorado market. Operated 26 units in 1984.^[117] One Azar's Big Boy remains in operation in Ft. Wayne. Alex Azar's son, George Azar, is now CEO.^[118] Alex Azar became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.^[119]

• Becker's (Rochester and Buffalo, New York, 1956^[120]{{ndash}}1965,^[121] founded by Abe Becker) Shoney's opened a restaurant in Rochester in the mid 1950s which may have become Becker's Big Boy.^[122] By 1957, Becker's was operating four Big Boy restaurants in Greater Rochester.^[123] Trying to expand too quickly created a financial crisis and the end of the franchise.^[124]

• Bob's (California, Arizona, Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Vermont; and Indiana, Ohio, Florida, New York and Pennsylvania toll roads and airport locations operated in several states by the Marriott Corp. or others, 1936+, founded by Robert C. "Bob" Wian) The original Big Boy chain, which in Wian's time was confined to Southern California, Arizona and Nevada. Because Marriott developed and acquired Big Boy restaurants elsewhere, principally the northeastern U.S., Bob's developed a more diverse territory and identity. Bob's in Nevada and Arizona were purchased by JB's Big Boy.^[164] Currently Bob's operates only in Southern California. Bob's units are the only operators under the domain of Big Boy Restaurants International now permitted to use a franchise name for public identity. Wian was the original chairman of the Big Boy Board of Directors.

• Bud's (Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, 1966{{ndash}}197?) Operated two units. Acquired by JBs in the 1970s.^[125]

• Chez Chap (Westmount, a suburb of Montreal, Quebec, 1978{{ndash}}?, founded by Chapman Baehler) Baehler was Bob Wian's stepson.^[126]

• Don's (Burlington, Vermont, 1984, founded by Donald Allard) One of several chain restaurants operated by Allard.^[127][128] Restaurant was rebranded as Bob's Big Boy about 1986,^[129] and closed, with plans to construct a Red Lobster on the site in 1991.^[130]

• Eat'n Park (metro Pittsburgh, 1949{{ndash}}1975,^[131] founded by Larry Hatch and William Peters) Hatch and Peters were supervisors at Isaly's in Pittsburgh.^[132] On Isaly's business in Cincinnati, Hatch saw the success of the Frisch's Big Boy Drive-In prompting contact with founder Bob Wian, who needed national exposure to gain national trademark protection.^[133] Within a year Eat'n Park opened as the second Big Boy franchisee. When the 25 year franchise agreement expired Eat'n Park dropped Big Boy, attributed to the loss of drive-in popularity but primarily motivated by the end of the $1 per year license fee the franchise had enjoyed.^[134] Pittsburgh area Big Boy rights were reassigned to Elby's in 1977.^[135]

• Elby's (Northern West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, Maryland, 1956{{ndash}}1984, 1988{{ndash}}2000, founded by brothers George, Ellis and Michael Boury) Named after a brand of flavoring syrup sold by the Bourys' restaurant supply business.^[136] Originally acquired the Big Boy rights to northern West Virginia through Shoney's.^{[122][133][179]} In 1960 Elby's expanded into Ohio,^[137] licensed through Frisch's. Six years later, Bob Wian awarded Elby's franchisor rights to Pennsylvania, excluding the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia areas; Pittsburgh was awarded Elby's in 1977.^[135] When Frisch's refused existing terms on a fourth Ohio unit in 1971,^[138] Elby's withdrew from Big Boy affiliation in Ohio, leading to a long running trademark battle by Frisch's.^[139] In August 1984 Elby's dropped Big Boy entirely four months after Shoney's—franchisor for Elby's West Virginia stores—broke affiliation.^[117][140] Opened units in Maryland after leaving Big Boy. The Elby's name and most company restaurants were sold to Elias Brothers in 1988 becoming Big Boys again. (George and Michael Boury retained nine Ohio units that could not become Big Boys because of nearby Frisch's operations; they were rebanded as Shoney's restaurants until placed for sale in 1993.^[141]) Although officially stripped of the Elby's name, identity was so strong that the Elby's name continued in print advertisements.^[142][143] The last remaining Elby's closed in 2000 in response to the Elias Brothers financial crisis.

• Elias Brothers (Michigan, Northeastern Ohio, Ontario, Canada, 1952{{ndash}}2000, founded by Fred, John and Louis Elias) In 1938 the brothers opened Fred's Chili Bowl in Detroit and later the Dixie Drive-In in Hazel Park, which would become the first Elias Brothers Big Boy. Considered the "first official franchisee" because they were the first to formally apply to Bob Wian.{{r|"Hansen 2002"|page=111 }} Worked with Wian, Schoenbaum and Manfred Bernhard to create the 1956 Big Boy character design and launch the comic book. Owned the Big Boy system from 1987 through 2000 when the bankrupt company was sold to Robert Liggett. Many Michigan units continue operations stripped of the Elias Brothers name and these are the vast majority (90%) of Big Boy Restaurants International's American Big Boy stores. Fred Elias became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.^[119]

• Franklin's (Eastern Pennsylvania, 1966{{ndash}}1984, founded by Marvin and Joseph Franklin) Subfranchised by and originally operated as Elby's.^[144] After dropping Big Boy affiliation, Franklin's adopted a Benjamin Franklin theme renaming the signature hamburger "Big Boy" as "Big Ben".^[75] Sold the 12 unit chain to Hershey's Foods and Friendly's Restaurants in 1985.^[145]

• Frejlach's (Illinois, 1954{{ndash}}196?, founded by Irvin Frejlach) Added Big Boy to their established chain of ice cream shops.^[146] Unlike other franchisees, the stores did not directly use the Big Boy name; they remained Frejlach's Ice Cream Shoppes not Frejlach's Big Boy.^[147] The company also owned rights to McDonald's restaurants in Cook County (Chicago), Illinois which were sold back to Ray Kroc in 1956. Irvin's brother Lucian "Lou" Frejlach became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.^[119]

• Frisch's (Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee; Florida until the early 1990s, 1947+, founded by David Frisch) The Cincinnati restaurant chain and first franchisee, began serving Big Boy hamburgers in 1946, but opened their first Big Boy Drive-In restaurant in 1948; Frisch's now operates 96 Big Boys and franchises 25 Big Boys to others. Frisch's subfranchised to Azar's and Manners, which used the Frisch's styled Big Boy, to Milton and David Bennett in 1955, who operate as Frisch's in northwest Ohio and also licensed Elby's to operate three Big Boy units in the upper Ohio Valley until 1971. In 2001 Frisch's became the perpetual owner of the Big Boy trademark in most of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana and Tennessee, and received $1.2 million to relinquish all other Big Boy territories to Big Boy Restaurants International, to whom Frisch's is no longer a franchisee or licensee.^[148] On August 24, 2015, Frisch's was sold to an Atlanta-based private equity fund, ending family ownership and control of the chain.^{[14][140][149]}

• JB's (Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, Washington, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Nebraska, Kansas, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut;^[150] 1961{{ndash}}1988, founded by Jack M. Broberg.) The first JB's Big Boy opened in 1961 in Provo, Utah. In the 1970s JB's expanded by acquiring neighboring Big Boy franchisees: Vip's, Leo's, Kebo's and Bud's. After Marriott refused granting additional territory, in 1984, JB's sued to leave Big Boy. The parties settled, JB's paying $7 million in exchange for additional territory, including central and northern California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada and Arizona where it operated as Bob's Big Boy; JB's also purchased 29 existing Bob's Big Boy restaurants from Marriott.^[151][152] Citing a lack of benefit except use of the Big Boy symbol for its over $1 million annual franchise fees, in 1988 JB's allowed its Big Boy franchise to expire, removing 110 units from the Big Boy system.^[153] As of December 2016, fifteen JB's Restaurants operate in five states.^[154]

• JB's (Canada - Ontario, Alberta and Quebec, 1969{{ndash}}1979, founded by John Bitove, Sr.) Bitove, a well known Canadian businessman, was the franchisee for Canada generally, along with Roy Rogers Restaurants, both Marriott owned brands. JB's of Canada grew to 32 Big Boy restaurants before selling to Elias Brothers.^[205]

• Kebo's (Seattle and Tacoma, Washington area before JB's dba Bob's, ?{{ndash}}1974, founded by W. Keith Grant.) "Kebo" came from the owners, Keith, Ed and Bob. Two units were sold to JB's in 1974.

• Ken's (Maryland, Washington DC,^[155] 1963{{ndash}}?, founded by Bill Bemis) named in honor of Bill Bemis' father Ken Bemis, who founded the White Log Coffee Shop chain.^[156][157] Three Maryland Ken's Big Boys operated in 1969.^[155] "Ken's" became "Bob's" in the early 1970s.

• Kip's (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, 1958{{ndash}}1991, founded Fred Bell, Thomas W. Holman and James Reed) Bell owned and operated Kip's of Texas, while Holman and Reed owned and operated Kip's of Oklahoma and Kansas.^[158] Acquired by Frisch's in 1972. Kip's territory was transferred to Big Boy Restaurants International in 2001. Bell became an original member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.

• Lendy's (Western Virginia, 1955{{ndash}}1964, founded by Leonard Goldstein) Owned by Goldstein but operated as Shoney's 1955-1959.^[133] Territory proximity to Yoda's angered Goldstein and concurrent franchise with Kentucky Fried Chicken antagonized franchisor Alex Schoenbaum, prompting Lendy's to leave Big Boy.^[159][160] Renamed the "Big Boy" hamburger as the "Buddy Boy" and created a Buddy Boy mascot similar to Frisch's Big Boy character.

• Leo's (Spokane, Washington, Montana, 1966{{ndash}}1971, founded by Leo A. Hansen, Jr.^[161]) The first Leo's Big Boy opened in Great Falls, Montana in 1966. Grew to four units before being acquired by and renamed JB's in 1971, Hansen becoming a vice-president of JB's Big Boy.^[162]

• Manners (Northeastern Ohio (Cleveland TV market), 1954{{ndash}}1979, founded by Robert L. and Ramona Manners) Franchisee through Frisch's, used the Frisch styled mascot design. Like Frisch's, Manners was already established having opened Manners Drive-In in 1939, 15 years before becoming a Big Boy franchisee.^[163] Paid Frisch's $10 per month for each location. In 1968 Manners Big Boy was sold to Consolidated Foods (now known as Sara Lee Corporation). Marriott purchased the 39 units in 1974 and five years later dropped the name "Manners".^[164] Marriott sold 26 remaining restaurants to Elias Brothers in 1985.^[165]

• Marc's (Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, 1958{{ndash}}1995, founded by Ben Marcus and Gene Kilberg{{r|"Lawrence 1958"}}) Owned by the Marcus Corporation, Marc's Big Boy debuted in Milwaukee in November 1958.^[166] The chain grew to 4 units by 1962, 22 units by 1970,^[167] doubling this number within 4 years^[168] and eventually operated as many as 64 Big Boys over a 4 state territory.^[222][169] Among these, acquiring Illinois Top's Big Boy restaurants by 1974—rebranding those in Chicago suburbs Marc's.^[224] In 1989, Marc's Big Boy Corporation was renamed Marc's Restaurants^[170] and a two-year experiment launched completely removing Big Boy at two of its stores, the test demonstrating no effect on business. In 1992, the Marc's format was upscaled and renamed Marc's Big Boy Cafes;^[171] in 1993 13 Big Boy Cafes were converted to Marc's Cafe and Coffee Mills, and the company launched 2 Big Boy Express drive-thru stores.^[169]{{#tag:ref|Marc's Big Boy Express units were modeled on Rally's Hamburger stores which operated in the Midwest.| group="note" }} The following year, the 13 Cafe and Coffee Mill restaurants were sold to a group of employees, with 3 remaining Big Boys and 2 Big Boy Express units offered for sale.^[172] In 1995, the company closed its last Big Boy operation.^[173] Some former units later operated as Annie's American Cafe and as Perkins Restaurants. However, in 2017 the Marcus Corporation sells Big Boy hamburgers at the Kil@wat restaurant in its downtown Milwaukee hotel;^[171][174] in March 2017, the sandwich is priced at $11 on the lunch menu^[175] and $12 on the dinner menu both served with fries.^[176]

• McDowell's (North Dakota, 1954{{ndash}}1960 independently as "Big Boy Drive-Inn", 1960+ as franchise, founded by Harley McDowell) A trademark infringement suit against McDowell was filed by Wian in 1959 ultimately resulting in a franchise agreement.^[177] Operates exclusively as a drive through. McDowell's name was dropped and the remaining store is now called the Bismarck Big Boy. Along with Big Boy hamburgers, the single restaurant sells flying pizza-burgers and french fries by the pound with chicken gravy.

• Mr. B's (New Hampshire, 1963{{ndash}}1969,^[178] founded by Manfred Bernhard){{r|"Hansen 2002"|p=75}}^[179]

• Shap's (Chattanooga, Tennessee, 1959{{ndash}}1964?, founded by I. Shapiro, Pem Cooley, and E. D. Latimer) Franchised by Shoney's. Shap's was abbreviated for Shapiro's. Operated two small units in Chattanooga. Latimer bought out the other partners and changed the name to its franchisor's, Shoney's.^[180]

• Shoney's/Parkette (Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, New York, Philadelphia, PA, 1952{{ndash}}1984,{{refn|group=note|Many sources mistakenly report that Shoney's began in 1959 because Ray Danner became a Shoney's Big Boy franchisee in 1959 and he is assumed to be the founder. However, Alex Shoenbaum founded the original Parkette in 1947 and became a Big Boy franchise in 1952. The matter is further confounded because after Schoenbaum changed the public name of his restaurants from "Parkette Big Boy Shoppes" to "Shoney's Big Boy" in 1954, the parent company remained named "Parkette Foods" until it merged with Ray Danner's company in 1971, then being renamed "Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises.}} founded by Alex Schoenbaum), Originally called the Parkette, in 1952 it became Parkette Big Boy Shoppes. An unrelated "Parkette Drive-In" had opened in Kentucky^[181] so in 1954, a public contest for a new name resulted in Parkette becoming Shoney's, which was also a reference to founder Alex "Shoney" Schoenbaum. Shoney's also subfranchised to Arnold's, Becker's, Elby's,^[140] Lendy's, Shap's, Tune's, and Yoda's.,^[122][182] and many using the Shoney's name. Ray Danner, the Nashville Shoney's franchisee purchased the company in 1971 and five years later dropped Big Boy from the company name.^[183]{{#tag:ref|The company name was not always the name as used with the public. The company was named "Parkette Foods" until 1971, when Ray Danner changed it to "Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises". Writing about the 1976 name change the Charleston Daily Mail reported, "Top management ... believes Shoney's is much more than the southern reincarnation of the Frisch's Big Boy."^[183] | group="note" }} In April 1984 Shoney's Inc.—by then the largest Big Boy franchisee with 392 units^[184]—paid $13 million to break its contract with Big Boy, allowing expansion into Frisch's and other franchisees' Big Boy territories.

  />^[185] Schoenbaum became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.^[119]

  {{Anchor|Teds}}
  • Ted's (Rhode Island, Eastern Massachusetts) Massachusetts was divided between Ted's Big Boy in the east and Abdow's Big Boy in the west, corresponding to the division of Rhode Island and Connecticut between the two franchises.
  {{Anchor|TJs}}
  • TJ's (Rochester, Batavia and Syracuse, New York, 1972{{ndash}}?, founded by Anthony T. Kolinski, John Gazda and John Giamartino)^[186] The five stores were purchased by Big Boy (Elias Brothers). The two Rochester stores were closed in 1992, and one Syracuse store was sold to a local investor.
  {{Anchor|Tops}}
  • Tops (Illinois, 1956{{ndash}}1993, founded by Lucian Frejlach^[187]) Operated primarily in the suburbs of Chicago.^[188] By 1974, the Chicago area stores became Marc's Big Boys, while the central Illinois units remained Tops.^[189]
  {{Anchor|Totes}}
  • Tote's (Missouri, 1964–197?, founded by Edward R. Todtenbier)^[190][191] Todtenbier was a Frisch's franchisee in Anderson, Indiana, and planned to open 33 Tote's Big Boys in Missouri, 9 in the St. Louis area.^[192] In 1972 the Missouri Big Boy territory was reassigned to Shoney's.^[193]
  {{Anchor|Tunes}}
  • Tune's (Philadelphia and Levittown, Pennsylvania, 1956–1963,^{[194][195][196]} founded by Jack Engel^[197]) In the mid to late 1950s Alex Schoenbaum seeded various franchises including Tune's.^[122][198] Two drive-in restaurants opened.^[199] By the early 1960s, the Levittown unit closed^[200] and the other was rebranded as Shoney's.
  {{Anchor|Vips}}
  • Vip's (New Mexico, Texas,^[201] Wyoming,^[202] 1962{{ndash}}1982. founded by Daniel T. Hogan and James O'Conner^[203]) Vip's refers to two distinct restaurant chains. The Big Boy franchisee relevant here, Vip's Big Boy of New Mexico, was acquired by JB's Big Boy in 1972 but continued using the Vip's name until rebranded in 1982.^{[204][205][150]} The other, Vip's Restaurants of Salem, Oregon, was not a Big Boy franchisee but sold units to JB's Big Boy, which operated them as Bob's Big Boy.^[151] The non-Big Boy, Salem-based chain had 53 locations at its peak, all sold and rebranded, including 35 to Denny's in 1982 and 16 to JB's in 1984.^[206]
  {{Anchor|Yodas}}
  • Yoda's (Western Virginia, founded by Jack Young and Bill Schroeder) Young was Leonard Goldstein's (Lendy's) brother-in-law. Merged with Lendy's.^[160][182]

  Outside the United States

  Mady's Big Boy of Windsor, Ontario was not a franchisee, though sometimes identified as one and using a similar looking mascot.^[207] In 1965 Bob Wian sued Mady's for trademark infringement but failed because (his) Big Boy was judged not widely known in Canada. The case is considered important in Canadian and international trademark law.^[208] In 1973 Elias Brothers bought Mady's and established an Elias Big Boy on Mady's original site.^[209] John Bitove, Sr. owned the rights to Big Boy for the remainder of Canada, which he sold to Elias Brothers in 1979.^[210]

  Outside of North America, Big Boy Japan owns and operates 279 Big Boy Hamburger Steak & Grill Restaurants in Japan. Founded in 1977, Big Boy Japan now also operates 45 Victoria Station restaurants in Japan and is a subsidiary of Zénsho Holdings Co., Ltd.^{[3][211][212]} The Japanese Big Boy Restaurants do not offer the Big Boy hamburger or most other American Big Boy menu items, offering a distinct menu instead.^[213] They also offer beer and wine.^[213] Zensho had purchased Big Boy Japan from the ailing Daiei in 2002 for 8.65 billion yen.^[214][215]

  Big Boy also operated (or planned to open) restaurants in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Brazil, the Philippines and Thailand.^[216]

  Big Boy Restaurants International

  The Michigan-based owner of the Big Boy chain, which chiefly franchises previous Elias Brothers Big Boy restaurants in Michigan, has suffered a gradual loss of franchised restaurants. About 175 Big Boys existed in July 2006,^[217] compared to 79 in September 2017.

  On April 16, 2017, the last Big Boy restaurant in the city of Detroit closed.^[218] The Big Boy in Fenton, Michigan, is expected to close in 2017.^[219] Both properties have been sold to developers. Likewise, in 2016, the Jackson, Michigan, Big Boy closed after the site was purchased by a developer.^[289]

  Other franchisees are simply leaving the Big Boy chain. In April 2017, the Danville Big Boy, the only unit in Illinois, dropped Big Boy and will operate as the Border Cafe.^[220] In 2016 both the Ann Arbor, Michigan, restaurant (on North Zeeb Road)^[221] and the restaurant in Houghton Lake, Michigan continued to operate but not as Big Boy restaurants.^[222] The Tecumseh^[223] and Alma, Michigan^[7] restaurants announced they will allow their franchise agreements to expire on November 1, 2017 and early 2018, respectively, and both will continue to operate independently. The Marine City, Michigan Big Boy closed in February 2018, to reopen independently by a new owner.^[8] However, in the same month, Big Boy added a new franchisee, an existing restaurant reopening as a Big Boy, in Woodhaven, Michigan.^[9] In April 2018, the Coldwater, Michigan location closed, media sources noting multiple health code violations and poor customer reviews.^[224][225]

  Company-owned restaurants have also closed for under-performance.^[226][227]

  Big Boy Restaurants International is trying a new fast casual concept known as Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes in Mayfield Heights, Ohio.^[228][219] Smaller buildings and sites, and a reduced menu are intended to lower costs that often burden traditional franchisees and threaten the Michigan-based chain. The company has begun offering Burgers and Shakes franchises with initial discounted fees as of October 2017.^[229]

  See also

  • List of hamburger restaurants
  • List of casual dining restaurant chains
  {{Portal bar|Detroit|Los Angeles|Companies|Food}}

  Notes

  1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20180213/news/652851/big-boy-promotes-david-crawford-as-permanent-ceo|title=Big Boy promotes David Crawford as permanent CEO|last=Clifford|first=Tyler|date=February 13, 2018|work=Crain's Detroit Business|access-date=February 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215100606/http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20180213/news/652851/big-boy-promotes-david-crawford-as-permanent-ceo|archive-date=February 15, 2018|dead-url=no}}
  2. ^¹ {{cite news |first=Barbara |last=Slavin |title=Drive-ins and carhops are things of the past |newspaper=The Day |location=New London, CT |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19780809&id=OqpGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=c_gMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1364,1510484&hl=en |page=5 |agency=New York Times News Service|date=August 9, 1978 |accessdate=April 14, 2015 }}
  3. ^^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.bigboyjapan.co.jp/company |title = About Us |author= |website=Big Boy Japan |access-date=July 25, 2015 |quote=(in April 2015) ... Big Boy 279 stores [translated by Google]}}
  4. ^" ." Big Boy. Retrieved on November 23, 2012. "4199 Marcy St. Warren, MI 48091"
  5. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15684995/bobs_home_of_the_big_boy/|title=Bob's home of the 'Big Boy' [Advertisement]|last=|first=|date=June 29, 1961|work=Valley News|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Van Nuys, CA|page=38B|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  6. ^{{cite web|url=http://bigboy.com/locations/|title=Locations: Big Boy|work=bigboy.com|accessdate=September 19, 2017}}
  7. ^¹ {{cite news|url=http://www.themorningsun.com/general-news/20171024/big-boy-in-alma-renovation-ongoing-plans-to-reopen-as-pipers-next-year|title=Big Boy in Alma renovation ongoing, plans to reopen as 'Piper's' next year|last=Bradley|first=Sean|date=October 24, 2017|work=Morning Sun|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113011617/http://www.themorningsun.com/general-news/20171024/big-boy-in-alma-renovation-ongoing-plans-to-reopen-as-pipers-next-year|archive-date=November 12, 2017|dead-url=no|location=Mount Pleasant, MI}}
  8. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimesherald.com/story/news/local/marine-city/2018/02/13/marine-city-big-boy-sold-reopen-valentinos/332698002/|title=Marine City Big Boy sold, will reopen as Valentino's|last=Shepard|first=Liz|date=February 13, 2018|work=The Times Herald|access-date=February 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311204041/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:uzxXnMxPyEIJ:https://www.thetimesherald.com/story/news/local/marine-city/2018/02/13/marine-city-big-boy-sold-reopen-valentinos/332698002/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|location=Port Huron, Michigan|language=en|quote=The Marine City Big Boy closed its doors Monday evening [February 12, 2018].}}
  9. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewsherald.com/news/business/big-boy-shares-big-news-franchise-takes-over-old-toast/article_777885f4-ce7d-5a62-a38f-f29e10350688.html|title=Big Boy shares big news; franchise takes over old Toast Restaurant building in Woodhaven|last=Harrison-Martin|first=Jackie|date=February 27, 2018|work=News-Herald|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302181104/http://www.thenewsherald.com/news/business/big-boy-shares-big-news-franchise-takes-over-old-toast/article_777885f4-ce7d-5a62-a38f-f29e10350688.html|archive-date=March 2, 2018|dead-url=no|location=Southgate, Michigan|language=en}}
  10. ^"Transfer Agreement between The Liggett Restaurant Group and Frisch's Restaurants, Inc.", January 12, 2001.
  11. ^"[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/39047/000119312508007132/dex10c.htm Agreement Regarding Use of Trademarks]", November 7, 2007.
  12. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2001/01/10/fin_ohio_turf_gets.html|title=Ohio turf gets larger for Frisch's|last=Biank-Fasig|first=Lisa|date=January 10, 2001|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|quote=Craig Maier, chief executive of Frisch's, said the bankruptcy nearly cost the Cincinnati company its right to franchise Big Boys.
  {{in5}}"In a bankruptcy proceeding, franchise contracts are considered to be no different than a contract to owe money," Mr. Maier said. "They could have said, 'You are no longer franchisee of the Big Boy system.' " |access-date=September 5, 2016}}
  13. ^. . .* {{cite web| url=http://nrn.com/top-100/big-boy-restaurant-bakeryfrischs-big-boy | title=Big Boy Restaurant & Bakery/Frisch's Big Boy | website=Nation's Restaurant News | access-date= June 15, 2015 | quote=The Big Boy system has restaurants operated by and franchised to others by Big Boy Restaurants International LLC and Frisch's Restaurants Inc. ... Headquarters: Big Boy Restaurants International LLC – Warren, Mich./Frisch's Restaurants Inc. – Cincinnati, Ohio ... CEO: Big Boy International – Keith Sirois/Frisch's – Craig F. Maier}}* Order of United States Patent and Trademark Office, Concurrent Use Proceeding Number 94002189, Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC and Frisch's Restaurants, Inc. August 18, 2009.* {{Cite news|url=https://www.wlwt.com/article/heres-whats-different-about-the-fountain-square-frischs/21097468|title=Here's what's different about the Fountain Square Frisch's|last=Setters|first=Andrew|date=June 6, 2018|work=WLWT|access-date=June 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609061337/http://www.wlwt.com/article/heres-whats-different-about-the-fountain-square-frischs/21097468|archive-date=June 9, 2018|dead-url=no|language=en}}* {{Cite news|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/local/green-township/2018/08/27/frischs-closes-green-township-location/1108763002/|title=A Green Township Frisch's closes its doors|last=Key|first=Jennie|date=August 27, 2018|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=September 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904044123/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/local/green-township/2018/08/27/frischs-closes-green-township-location/1108763002/?from=new-cookie|archive-date=September 4, 2018|dead-url=no|language=en}}
  14. ^¹ {{cite press release | author= | title=Frisch's Restaurants Announces Transaction with Affiliate of NRD Partners I, L.P. at $34 Per Share | url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/frischs-restaurants-announces-transaction-with-affiliate-of-nrd-partners-i-lp-at-34-per-share-300087675.html | location=Cincinnati | publisher=Frisch's Restaurants | agency=PR Newswire | date=May 22, 2015 | access-date=May 28, 2015 | quote=Agreement Contemplates Continued Operation of all 95 Company Owned Frisch's Restaurants along with 26 Franchised Locations}}
  15. ^{{cite news | title=Richard Woodruff Dies at 54; Model for 'Big Boy' Statues | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/28/obituaries/richard-woodruff-dies-at-54-model-for-big-boy-statues.html | newspaper=The New York Times | date=October 28, 1986 | accessdate =October 3, 2012 }}
  16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-mar-13-1953-34462/|title=Now your enjoy the famous Parkette Foods in downtown Charleston [advertisement]|date=March 13, 1953|work=Charleston Daily Mail|page=20|access-date=September 16, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  17. ^{{cite web | url=http://animationresources.org/theory-big-boy-and-the-power-of-licensing-a-cautionary-tale/ | title=Theory: Big Boy and the Power of Licensing- A Cautionary Tale | last=Worth | first=Stephen | date=June 8, 2016 | website=Animation Resources | access-date=September 12, 2016 | quote= One day, animator Ben Washam was lunching at Wian's stand, doodling on placemats. Wian saw that he was a cartoonist and asked him to draw a caricature of Richard Woodruff, a chubby, apple cheeked boy who helped out at the stand sweeping up after school. Washam obliged, depicting the lad in oversized checkered overalls munching on a burger. Wian loved the doodle and gave Washam his lunch for free. Bennie gave the sketch to Wian to use as a mascot for the stand.}}
  18. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-14-1954-34466/|title=Springtime is Big Boy time [advertisement]|date=April 14, 1954|work=Charleston Daily Mail|page=8|access-date=September 16, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  19. ^. . .* {{Cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/05/how_well_do_you_remember_big_b.html#4|title=How well do you remember Big Boy restaurants?|website=Open Cleveland / The Plain Dealer|access-date=September 16, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/hphistorical/status/609887449532207106|title=Elias Brothers Dixie Drive In menu|website=Hazel Park History|access-date=September 16, 2016}}
  20. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-oct-25-1965-106289/|title=Bob's Big Boy advertisement|date=October 25, 1965|work=Press Telegram|location=Long Beach, CA|page=15|access-date=October 19, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-jul-28-1958-83808/|title=A Big Boy Kiddies Special [Advertisement]|date=July 28, 1958|work=Bristol Daily Courier|publication-place=Bristol, PA|access-date=September 13, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{cite web |url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/VINTAGE-1957-EAT-N-PARK-BIG-BOY-MENU-OLD-RESTAURANT-HAMBURGER-AT-YOUR-SERVICE-/302123980352?hash=item4657fe1640:g:scQAAOSw44BYDiFM |title=Vintage 1957 Eat n Park Big Boy menu old restaurant hamburger at your service |website=ebay |access-date=November 2, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161102063733/http://www.ebay.com/itm/VINTAGE-1957-EAT-N-PARK-BIG-BOY-MENU-OLD-RESTAURANT-HAMBURGER-AT-YOUR-SERVICE-/302123980352?hash=item4657fe1640:g:scQAAOSw44BYDiFM |archive-date=November 2, 2016|deadurl=no}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-may-11-1956-116034/|title=Now... We are featuring a complete curb service [Advertisement]|date=May 11, 1956|work=Chester Times|location=Chester, PA|page=35|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/4135789374/in/photolist-7it16m-b76fqe-2PqjDM-7mHN5K-dMdGrL-eSNegT-obkPAJ-NYHTFF-4r9VFH-4oYfJN-kM3Diq-66AJc9-62k16Z-74D7HW-bzX73B-6cwzWu-4NaFje-buKj1w-6gVsv4-c4Kgfo-9fbsVQ-6Jxx8i-8KBonK-cufwYj-5X8V3m-gduZhF-7fSSuL-c4Kged-6UczQX-bs4iJk-ddR6up-c4KgqJ-3bqr67-fWpbSd-8udnbb-dGhrUh-8n5e8M-7ggMmU-8WtCjq-5Xn3M8-9fSSos-6ro54s-du76nS-isoADE-8iZSZh-9SDPNJ-9KvToK-4JxJxT-8qR73b-QTFYuj|title=Big Boy burgers|last=Dahlström|first=Håkan|date=November 13, 2009|website=flickr|access-date=March 14, 2017}} (Image file)
  22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/cropwithanna/5416602406/|title=Bob's Big Boy|last=Day|first=Anna|date=October 4, 2009|website=flickr|access-date=March 14, 2017}} (Image file)
  23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15682634/may_we_serve_you_too_advertisement/|title=May we serve you, too? [Advertisement]|last=|first=|date=July 30, 1970|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|pages=48|via=Newspapers.com}} Note: The Big Boy character copyright is dated 1969. {{free access}}
  24. ^{{cite news |title=Big Boy's Back: 16-foot statue of restaurant icon occupies rightful place |newspaper=The Press-Enterprise |location=Riverside, CA |date=September 16, 2005 |first=Karin| last=Marriott|page=B01 |access-date=September 7, 2017 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RS&p_theme=rs&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10CADCF194E620D0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |subscription=yes |via=NewsBank}} (Alternative access also available via EBSCO MasterFILE Premier)
  25. ^¹ {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC&pg=PA77|title=Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age|last=Jakle|first=John A.|last2=Sculle|first2=Keith A.|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801869204|location=|page=77|language=en|quote=|via=}}
  26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://upstart.bizjournals.com/news/wire/2009/10/02/shoneys-founders-daughter-michigan-restaurant-chain-battle-over-big-boy-monument.html?page=all|title=A Big Boy Battle|last=|first=|date=|website=Upstart Business Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005085948/http://upstart.bizjournals.com/news/wire/2009/10/02/shoneys-founders-daughter-michigan-restaurant-chain-battle-over-big-boy-monument.html?page=all|archive-date=October 5, 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=February 16, 2016}}
  27. ^{{Cite news|title=Big Boy Statue Either Art or Advertising|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/04/18/big-boy-statue-either-art-or-advertising/b8b1616c-3a66-4860-b1b4-7498e48bc1a7/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=April 18, 2004|access-date=February 16, 2016|issn=0190-8286|language=en-US}}
  28. ^{{Cite news|url=http://archive.cantonpl.org/observer/2004/07_Jul%202004/07-11-2004.pdf|title=An end in Sight, Big Boy to Stay|last=Maliszewski|first=Joanne|date=July 11, 2004|access-date=February 16, 2016|newspaper=Canton Observer|page=1|location=Canton, MI}}
  29. ^. . .* {{Cite web|url=http://www.livingstondaily.com/story/news/local/community/brighton/2015/06/05/big-boy-sign/28556781/|title=Big Boy sign comes down|date=June 8, 2015|website=Daily Press & Argus, livingstondaily.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502101643/http://www.livingstondaily.com/story/news/local/community/brighton/2015/06/05/big-boy-sign/28556781/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin=|archive-date=May 2, 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=February 16, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.livingstondaily.com/story/news/local/community/brighton/2015/08/02/big-boy-reopens/30965879/|title=Big Boy in Brighton reopens|last=|first=|date=August 2, 2015|website=Daily Press & Argus, livingstondaily.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502070318/http://www.livingstondaily.com/story/news/local/community/brighton/2015/08/02/big-boy-reopens/30965879/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin=|archive-date=May 2, 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=February 16, 2016}}
  30. ^. . .* {{Cite web|title='Horsetown USA' balks at 4th Bob's Big Boy mascot|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-horsetown-usa-balks-at-4th-bobs-big-boy-mascot-2010aug03-htmlstory.html/news/2010/aug/03/horsetown-usa-balks-at-4th-bobs-big-boy-mascot/|website=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=August 3, 2010|access-date=February 16, 2016}}* {{Cite web|title=Big Boy dumps red checkerboard overalls for cowboy hat|url=http://abc7.com/archive/5850343/|website=ABC7 Los Angeles|date=December 14, 2010|access-date=February 16, 2016}}
  31. ^{{Cite web|title=Frisch's Big Boy Back at Great American Ballpark!|url=http://www.frischs.com/community.aspx|website=www.frischs.com|access-date=February 16, 2016|quote=Frisch's is looking forward to operating its two concession booths inside Great American Ballpark.... There is a highly visible 6' 6" Big Boy statue dressed as a 1970s Cincinnati Reds ball player sporting #46 just in front of the Gapper's Alley booth.}}
  32. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qo2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Oddball Michigan: A Guide to 450 Really Strange Places|last=Pohlen|first=Jerome|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2014|isbn=9781613748930|location=|pages=95|language=en|df=mdy}}
  33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.roadarch.com/critters/mam4.html|title=Mammal Statues|last=|first=|date=|website=RoadsideArchitecture.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330022659/http://www.roadarch.com/critters/mam4.html|archive-date=March 30, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=May 27, 2017|df=mdy}}
  34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@45.8567634,-84.73535,3a,80.8y,183.63h,85.01t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sdt8L3VkpKhu8n_jKJO_8rg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656|title=Google Maps|last=|first=|date=November 2016|website=Google Maps|access-date=May 27, 2017}}
  35. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI35AwAAQBAJ|title=Main Street Revisited: Time, Space, and Image Building in Small-Town America|last=Francaviglia|first=Richard V.|date=June 1, 1996|publisher=University of Iowa Press|isbn=9781587290718|page=126|language=en}}
  36. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=http://www.franchisetimes.com/news/April-2017/Frischs-Big-Boy-Loses-His-Checkered-Pants/|title=Frisch's Big Boy Loses His Checkered Pants|last=Weingartner-Monroe|first=Nancy|date=April 2017|website=FranchiseTimes.com|language=en|access-date=April 6, 2017}}
  37. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2017/03/31/frischs-serves-up-new-big-boy-statue/99878334/|title=Frisch's serves up new Big Boy statue|last=Vilvens|first=Sheila|date=March 31, 2017|work=Cincinnati.com|access-date=April 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502073731/http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2017/03/31/frischs-serves-up-new-big-boy-statue/99878334/|archive-date=May 2, 2017|dead-url=no|language=en}}
  38. ^{{Cite web|url=http://la.curbed.com/2008/8/13/10562822/own-a-piece-of-bobs-big-boy|title=Own a Piece of Bob's Big Boy|last=Gluck|first=Marissa|date=August 13, 2008|website=Curbed LA|access-date=February 24, 2017}} (Note: The "Hamburger" Bob is the older 1950s style and the "Suspender" Bob is the newer style.)
  39. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-sep-25-2005-204056//|title=Don't trash it, frame it!|last=Herron|first=Frank|date=September 25, 2005|newspaper=Syracuse Post Standard|access-date=February 24, 2017|work=|page=H4|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  40. ^. . .* {{Cite web|url=http://shop.bigboy.com/collections/gifts|title=Gifts|website=Big Boy Restaurants|access-date=May 9, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.bobs.net/products/memoribilia/bobs-big-boy-bank|title=Bob's Big Boy Bank|website=Bob's Big Boy|access-date=May 9, 2016}}
  41. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/bobs-big-boy-vintage-ashtray-1760494025|title=Bobs Big Boy Vintage Ashtray|date=July 29, 2015|website=Worthpoint|access-date=March 8, 2017}}
  42. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/Rare-Ceramic-Big-Boy-Figural-Salt-amp-Pepper-Shakers-from-the-1950s-1960s-/111558438182|title=Rare Ceramic Big Boy Figural Salt & Pepper Shakers from the 1950s/1960s|website=ebay|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309005922/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Rare-Ceramic-Big-Boy-Figural-Salt-amp-Pepper-Shakers-from-the-1950s-1960s-/111558438182|archive-date=March 9, 2017|access-date=March 8, 2017}}
  43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/Big-Boy-Pewter-Figurine-Statue-Collector-Series-2-Ltd-Ed-of-500-1956-/162393325996|title=Big Boy Pewter Figurine Statue Collector Series #2 Ltd Ed of 500 "1956"|website=ebay|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309010539/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Big-Boy-Pewter-Figurine-Statue-Collector-Series-2-Ltd-Ed-of-500-1956-/162393325996|archive-date=March 9, 2017|access-date=March 8, 2017}}
  44. ^. . .* {{Cite web|title=Inflatable Mascot for Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants - Landmark Creations|url=http://landmarkcreations.com/frischs-inflatable-big-boy-mascot|website=landmarkcreations.com|access-date=February 16, 2016}}* {{Cite web|title=Inflatable Ideas - Big Boy Inflatable|url=http://www.inflatableideas.com/character-shapes/inflatable-character-shapes-big-boy-inflatable-003.html|website=www.inflatableideas.com|access-date=February 16, 2016}}
  45. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20629384/pittsburgh_postgazette/|title=After 40 years, remembering the enchanted era of Eat'n Park|last=Bennett|first=Marcia|date=June 6, 1989|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 2, 2018|pages=21, 23|quote=[C]hildren could enroll in the Big Boy Club and on Christmas and their birthdays receive a token that could be redeemed at the restaurant for a Big Boy burger. Later the restaurant offered a kiddies' comic book, which contained contained coded messages the youngsters could decipher if they sent for their Big Boy decoder.|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20629399/pittsburgh_postgazette/ Part 2] {{free access}}
  46. ^. . .* {{Cite web|url=http://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/national-big-boy-club-member-blue|title=National Big Boy Club Member Blue|website=Busy Beaver Button Museum|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603062935/http://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/national-big-boy-club-member-blue|archive-date=June 3, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=June 3, 2018}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/national-big-boy-club|title=National Big Boy Club|date=|website=Busy Beaver Button Museum|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603063817/http://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/national-big-boy-club|archive-date=June 3, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=June 3, 2018}}* {{Cite web|url=https://mattsko.wordpress.com/2011/09/23/big-boy-club/|title=Big Boy Club|date=September 23, 2011|work=Matthew's Island of Misfit Toys|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603064433/https://mattsko.wordpress.com/2011/09/23/big-boy-club/|archive-date=June 3, 2018|dead-url=no|language=en-US}}
  47. ^^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15581160/manfred_bernhard_big_boy_12_page_1d/|title=Bye-bye, Big Boy: Comic creator loses meal ticket|last=Grantham|first=Loretta|date=October 20, 1996|work=The Palm Beach Post|accessdate=December 5, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|pages=1D, 5D|via=Newspapers.com}} ([https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15581163/manfred_bernhard_big_boy_22_page/ continued page 5D]) {{free access}}
  48. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsfromme.com/pov/col146/|title=POV: Manny Stallman|last=Evanier|first=Mark|date=July 25, 1997|work=Comics Buyer's Guide|access-date=April 8, 2017|language=en-US}}
  49. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=https://nick-caputo.blogspot.com/2012/06/sol-brodsky-big-boy-and-marvels-unknown.html|title=Marvel Mysteries and Comics Minutiae: Sol Brodsky, Big Boy and Marvel's Unknown 1960s comics (Updated)|last=Caputo|first=Nick|date=June 7, 2012|website=Marvel Mysteries and Comics Minutiae|access-date=April 8, 2017}}
  50. ^{{Cite web|url=http://cbldf.org/2016/06/the-humble-history-of-the-adventures-of-big-boy/|title=The Humble History of The Adventures of Big Boy|last=McCabe|first=Caitlin|date=June 24, 2016|website=Comic Book Legal Defense Fund|language=en-US|access-date=April 8, 2017}}
  51. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fsoARercNsC&pg=PA73|title=Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book|last=Raphael|first=Jordan|last2=Spurgeon|first2=Tom|date=August 28, 2004|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=9781556525414|location=|pages=73|language=en|quote=...by 1961, [Lee] was in his fifth year of scripting duties for Sol Brodsky on a series of giveaway comic books for the Big Boy restaurant chain.|via=Google Books}}
  52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.jweekly.com/1997/07/11/big-boy-cartoonist-manny-stallman-dies-here-at-70/|title=Big Boy cartoonist Manny Stallman dies here at 70|last=Admin|date=July 11, 1997|website=Jewish News of Northern California|access-date=April 8, 2017}}
  53. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bindig_bob.htm|title=Bob Bindig|last=|first=|date=November 29, 2007|website=Lambiek Comiclopedia|access-date=April 16, 2017|quote=In 1985, Bindig retired from his advertising career to take over 'The Adventures of the Big Boy'. He drew the series until 1995, when he really retired.}}
  54. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lorinamapa.com/comics/|title=Comics|last=Mapa|first=Lorina|date=|website=www.lorinamapa.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 16, 2017|quote=For 5 years I was commissioned to draw a monthly comic book called "The Adventures of Big Boy" which was distributed in the ... Big Boy chain of restaurants found all across North America.}} (Examples of Mapa's Big Boy work are found at this URL.)
  55. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/series/11780/covers/?page=4|title=Adventures of the Big Boy Cover Gallery|last=|first=|date=|website=www.comics.org|access-date=April 9, 2017}}
  56. ^¹ {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uORls7bMR8QC&pg=PT187|title=Comics Shop|last=Thompson|first=Maggie|date=September 27, 2010|publisher=Adams Media|isbn=978-1440216503|location=|pages=187|language=en}}
  57. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19801211&id=AQYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oWQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1385,2570689&hl=en|title=Oldest and Biggest Comic Book Turning 25|date=December 11, 1980|work=The Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun|volume=88|page=27|access-date=March 23, 2016|via=Google News Archive}}{{open access}}
  58. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9609/24/bigboy/|title=Restaurant icon Big Boy shrinks from competition|last=Zarrella|first=John|date=September 24, 1996|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020814214937/http://www.cnn.com:80/US/9609/24/bigboy/|archive-date=August 14, 2002|dead-url=no|access-date=April 14, 2017}}
  59. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/series/11779/|title=Big Boy Magazine, YOE Studio!, 1997 Series|last=|first=|date=April 25, 2015|website=Grand Comics Database|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 23, 2018}}
  60. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bigboy.com/food/burgers/|title=Burgers - Big Boy|last=|first=|date=|work=Big Boy|access-date=April 8, 2017|language=en-US}}
  61. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16783491/|title=I tot I taw a puddy-tat!|last=Brough|first=Rick|date=June 26, 1980|work=The Newspaper|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Park City, Utah|page=15|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  62. ^{{cite journal | last=Carlino | first=Bill | date=February 1996 | title=Bob Wian | url=http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/delivery?sid=40a97190-f02b-4bf7-bf97-d5b3cd19e345%40sessionmgr4001&vid=2&hid=4104 | journal=Nation's Restaurant News | volume=30 | issue=6 | pages=166 | accessdate=April 14, 2014 }}
  63. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/vintage-famous-bobs-big-boy-menu-1938-burbank|title=Vintage famous Bob's Big Boy menu 1938 Burbank CA {{!}} #42474613|last=|first=|date=|website=WorthPoint|publisher=|access-date=December 28, 2016}}
  64. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/|title=US Inflation Calculator|website=US Inflation Calculator|language=en-US|access-date=April 22, 2018}}
  65. ^Big Boy take out menu. Wyandotte Big Boy. Retrieved April 22, 2018
  66. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17220755/tallahassee_democrat/|title=The Big Mac: Americana on a sesame-seed bun|last=Wallace|first=Amy|date=December 31, 1993|work=Tallahassee Democrat|access-date=February 7, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|agency=Los Angeles Times|edition=Other|page=3A|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  67. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17141092/the_cincinnati_enquirer/|title=Burger Chef has something big for big appetites. Big Shef. [advertisement]|date=September 26, 1979|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=February 4, 2018|page=E-12|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  68. ^{{Cite web|url=https://consumerist.com/2013/11/05/burger-king-resurrects-its-big-king-which-is-just-like-the-big-mac-but-who-cares/|title=Burger King Resurrects Big Mac Clone, Complete With Third Bun|last=Quirk|first=Mary Beth|date=November 5, 2013|website=Consumerist|access-date=February 10, 2017}}
  69. ^{{Cite web|url=http://burgerking.ca/menu-item/big-king|title=Big King|last=|first=|date=|website=Burger King (Canada)|language=en|access-date=February 10, 2017}}
  70. ^^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-feb-15-1969-162204//|title=Tucson To Tumwater: Tummy Teasers Are Twins|last=Brown|first=Mary|date=February 15, 1969|access-date=February 16, 2017|via=newspaperarchive.com|newspaper=Tucson Daily Citizen}} {{free access}}
  71. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://www.frischs.com/menu/menu.aspx|title=Menu|website=Frisch's Big Boy|access-date=May 20, 2016}}
  72. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jan-22-1983-43804/|title=Elby's Specials This Week|date=January 22, 1983|newspaper=Altoona Mirror|location=Altoona, Pennsylvania|page=26|access-date=May 20, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  73. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/lifestyles/2007/07/buckeyes_and_burgers_a_long_fu.html|title=Buckeyes and Burgers -- A long, fulfilling relationship|date=July 17, 2007|website=cleveland.com|access-date=May 21, 2016|quote=The closest might be the Superburger of Eat'n Park, which was once essentially the Manners of Pittsburgh, complete with carhops and franchised Big Boy.}}
  74. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-10-1969-119897/|title=Local Lendy's Gets Going|date=April 10, 1969|work=The Radford News Journal|page=2|quote=Featured on the enu will be the famous "Buddy Boy" double-deck hamburger ...|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}
  75. ^¹ . . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-oct-28-1980-118625/|title=Hey Kids! [Advertisement]|date=October 28, 1980|work=The Doylestown Intelligencer|department=30|quote=... receive a coupon redeemable at any future date for a free "Big Ben" double decker hamburger at any Franklin's ...|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}} {{free access}}* {{Cite web|url=http://franklins-restaurants.blogspot.com/|title=Menu image at Franklin's Family Restaurants Reunion|website=franklins-restaurants.blogspot.com|access-date=November 10, 2016}}* {{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15491769/franklins_big_ben_hamburger/ |title=20th Anniversary Specials [Advertisement] |work=The Morning Call |location=Allentown PA |page=D6 |date=September 2, 1986 |accessdate=November 30, 2017 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  76. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jun-02-1979-44112/|title=Choose from a variety of 21 great sandwiches ... [Advertisement]|date=June 2, 1979|work=Dover Times Reporter|page=B5|quote=Our Famous Elby Double Deck Hamburger Platter.|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-oct-14-1976-44118/|title=Elby's 20th Birthday [Advertisement]|date=October 14, 1976|work=The Weirton Daily Times|page=16|quote=Our Famous Elby's Big Boy Hamburger Platter.|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}
  77. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-sep-18-1995-119895/|title=Classic Comeback [Advertisement]|date=September 18, 1995|work=Gettysburg Times|page=A10|quote=Re-introducing Shoney's Classic Double Decker Burger Meal|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}
  78. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bigboy.com/food/|title=Food|website=Big Boy|language=en-US|access-date=May 20, 2016}}
  79. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-feb-06-1972-207796//|title=Big New Big Boy Restaurant|last=Floury|first=Bob|date=February 6, 1972|work=Star News|access-date=February 27, 2017|location=Pasadena, CA|page=A8|subscription=y|via=newspaperarchive.com}} {{free access}}
  80. ^{{Cite web|url=http://weelunk.com/the-elbys-empire-part-2/|title=The Elby's Empire: Part 2 – 9 Steps|last=Novotney|first=Steve|date=February 6, 2016|website=Weelunk|language=en-US|access-date=February 26, 2017}}
  81. ^^1 2 {{cite AV media | last=Smalley | first=Alfred E. | date =1947 | title =Car Hop | trans-title = | medium =telefilm recording | url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQAsYunEmPc | access-date =June 12, 2018 | format =mp4 | location =Glendale, California}}
  82. ^¹ {{cite news | url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-celebrity-clipping-apr-11-1963-448609/ | title=18th Bob's Big Boy Coffee Shop Opens | work=Press Telegram | location=Long Beach, CA | date=April 11, 1963 | p=P 3 Z 1–2–3–4–5 | via=NewspaperArchive.com |subscription=y| accessdate=November 4, 2017 | quote=...all personnel go through extensive training before being placed in one of the restaurants. 'In fact,' Wian said, 'most managers start in the dish room or as fountain boys.' This method, Wian feels, offers the employees a complete background which thereby brings better service and quality control to the customer.}} {{free access}}
  83. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20621703/the_salt_lake_tribune/|title=Trade winds|date=September 29, 1965|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=June 2, 2018|department=Today in business|page=24|via=Newspapers.com|subscription=y|quote=Robert C. Wian. founder and president of the national chain of Big Boy Restaurants, will arrive in Salt Lake City Sunday as part of a cross-country tour of Big Boy franchises.}} {{free access}}
  84. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19488439/the_atlanta_constitution/ |title=Shoney's going after new markets|last=Silverstein|first=Stuart|date=May 20, 1984|work=The Atlanta Constitution|access-date=April 22, 2018|pages=1–K, 6–K, 7–K|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com|quote= 'No one says they're going to Shoney's Big Boy Restaurant. They say they're going to Shoney's,' said Ray Danner, the company's company's chairman and chief executive officer. Gary P. Spoleta, Shoney's 40-year-old president and chief operating officer, added, 'We got no service or anything (from Marriott) and we were paying $2 million plus (annually) in franchise fees.' }} [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19488553/the_atlanta_constitution/ part 2], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19488571/the_atlanta_constitution/ part 3] {{free access}}
  85. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-18/business/fi-1644_1_big-boy-franchisee |title=Chubby 'Big Boy' May Disappear as Restaurant Changes |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=March 18, 1988 |first=Keith |last=Bradsher |quote=Salt Lake City-based JB's Restaurants announced that after this summer it would no longer use the [Big Boy] name on its 110 restaurants in 10 Western states, not including California. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Clark D. Jones said the company ... felt it was getting very little for its franchise fee payments.}}
  86. ^¹ {{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15088408/new_bobs_1_900_colorado_glendale/ | title=New 'Bob's' Opens Tuesday: California's Fanciest Hamburger Joint Newest 'Home of the Big Boy' | author=Advertisement | work=The Los Angeles Times | date=April 15, 1956 | page=G8 | via=Newspapers.com | quote=His original capital was $300...}} {{free access}} Note: Shows image of new McAllister designed drive in, describes Commissary, employee Pension Plan
  87. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/behind-the-scenes-tour-of-frischs-commissary-provides-tasty-preview-of-chains-founders-day|title=Behind-the-scenes tour of Frisch's Commissary provides tasty preview of chain's Founder's Day|last=Cunningham|first=Libby|date=April 25, 2013|newspaper=WCPO TV-9|access-date=February 10, 2017|work=|language=en-US|quote=That sense of pride fills the Frisch's Commissary, where workers prepare everything from pie crusts to sandwich spices and fresh hamburgers that will be shipped out to Frisch's 93 restaurants in Columbus, Dayton, Louisville, Lexington and of course, Cincinnati.|via=}}
  88. ^{{cite court | litigants =Elias Bros. Restaurants v. Treasury Department | vol =549 | reporter =N.W.2d | opinion =837 | quote =Food for both company-owned and franchised restaurants is produced at a facility called the Commissary, which Elias Brothers owns and operates. | court =Mich. | date =1996 | access-date=September 6, 2017| url=http://law.justia.com/cases/michigan/supreme-court/1996/101226-6.html}}
  89. ^{{cite news |first=John C. |last=Eagan |title=Drive-ins give way to fast food, counter operations |newspaper=The Day |location=New London, CT |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19761117&id=Ps4tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-HMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1337,2731677&hl=en |page=18 |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 1976 |accessdate=April 14, 2015 }}
  90. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17319112/valley_news/|title=Bob's launches junior version|date=February 23, 1971|work=Valley News|access-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Van Nuys, California|edition=West|page=21-A|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}}
  91. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17289013/the_charleston_daily_mail/|title=Shoney's Jr. is now open... [advertisement]|date=August 26, 1966|work=The Charleston Daily Mail|access-date=February 9, 2018|dead-url=|page=11|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  92. ^{{cite news |title=J.B.'s Opens 2 'Junior' Drive-Ins |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19690919&id=oYohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NpcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5811,4587652&hl=en |page=10B |date=September 19, 1969 |accessdate=April 14, 2015 }}
  93. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-aug-23-1968-116092/|title=Weekend Special! [Advertisement]|date=August 23, 1968|work=Manitowoc Herald Times|page=5|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  94. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-oct-19-1957-115852/|title=A Good Idea for the Hungry Hunter [Advertisement]|date=October 19, 1957|work=Billings Gazette|page=2|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  95. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://bismarcktribune.com/news/local/business-beat/article_7031b59d-12a8-5dcf-8f59-575f99c2e02e.html|title=Business beat|date=May 27, 2006|newspaper=The Bismarck Tribune|access-date=November 6, 2016}}
  96. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-may-19-1972-115822/|title=New at Frisch's [Advertisement]|date=May 19, 1972|work=Journal News|location=Hamilton, OH|page=14|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-jan-18-1973-113291/|title=Save $1.00 [Advertisement]|date=January 18, 1973|work=Manchester Journal Inquirer|location=Manchester, CT|page=16|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-apr-13-1979-115828/|title=Bring the coop, take home the chicken! [Advertisement]|date=April 13, 1979|work=Kenosha News|location=Kenosha, WI|page=21|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-may-22-1974-115829/|title=Introductory offer [Advertisement]|date=May 22, 1974|work=Benton Harbor News Palladium|page=13|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  97. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-jun-13-1969-116020/|title=Great idea! [Advertisement]|date=June 13, 1969|work=Weirton Daily Times|page=12|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-jul-02-1975-115825/|title=July 4th. Chicken Sale! [Advertisement]|date=July 2, 1975|work=Mansfield News Journal|page=13|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  98. ^{{cite web |url=http://members.aol.com/Pugwm/familynews.html |title=[Big Boy Progress Image at] Janies's Big Boy Webpage: Big Boy Family Newsletter |last1=Glassett |first1=Janie |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719175955/http://members.aol.com/Pugwm/familynews.html |archivedate=July 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=February 11, 2013}}
  99. ^{{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-aug-19-1988-85726/.|title=Elby's rejoins Big Boy franchise system|newspaper=The Doylestown Intelligencer |date=August 19, 1988|page=B-9|access-date=September 6, 2017|quote=[T]he entire chain is being united under the Big Boy name, which means our Elby's name, as well as all other franchise names, will eventually be phased out...The chain is also moving toward a consistent core menu. This means that all Big Boys across the country will offer the same basic items, along with certain regional favorites.|via=newspaper archive}}{{free access}}
  100. ^{{cite newspaper|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/1054664FA34A92D0?p=AWNB|title=Sign of the times|page=GB-4|newspaper=The Grand Blanc News|date=September 19, 2004|access-date=September 9, 2017|url-access=subscription|quote=The Elias Brothers sign at the corner of Grand Blanc Road and Saginaw Street in Grand Blanc comes down after more than 30 years. [T]he national Big Boy chain ... no longer wants to be referred to as Elias Brothers, and it wants all of its signs to have the same look.|via=Newsbank}}
  101. ^{{cite court|litigants=Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Shoney's Inc.|court=6th Cir.|reporter=F.2d|vol=759|opinion=1261|pinpoint=1265-6|date=1985|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/759/1261/260084/|quote=In the case at bar, the district court concluded that the "Big Boy" mark was neither an indicator of origin nor distinctive, but was "a relatively weak mark". ... By emphasizing "Shoney's Big Boy Restaurants", as it did in its advertising, Shoney's has identified itself as the source of the services.|accessdate=March 2, 2013}}
  102. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tawasbaybigboy.com/|title=Tawas Bay Big Boy|website=Tawas Bay Big Boy|access-date=March 22, 2016}}
  103. ^. . .* {{Cite web|url=http://www.bismarckcafe.com/blogs/wiki/bismarck-big-boy-restaurant|title=Bismarck Big Boy Restaurant|website=BisManCafe|access-date=March 22, 2016}} continue to offer distinctions from the standard Big Boy menu.* {{cite news | title =Around the Mountain State | url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5qRBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=k6kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2931,1629685&dq=elby's+quits+big+boy&hl=en | newspaper =Point Pleasant Register | date =August 4, 1988 | page =14 | accessdate =June 27, 2013 | quote =[A]ll restaurants in the chain will operate under the Big Boy name with standardized menus across the nation. Individual franchise names will be phased out gradually.}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.bobs.net/menu|title=Menu|website=Bob's Big Boy|access-date=March 22, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.frischs.com/menu/menu.aspx|title=Menu|website=Frisch's Big Boy|access-date=March 22, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.allmenus.com/nd/bismarck/339531-big-boy-restaurant/menu/|title=Big Boy Restaurant menu: Bismarck, ND|website=All Menus|access-date=March 22, 2016}}* {{Cite web|url=http://www.bigboy.com/food/|title=Food|website=Big Boy|language=en-US|access-date=March 22, 2016}}
  104. ^^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/bigboyrestaurantsintl/299169|title=Big Boy Restaurants Int'l. Franchise Information|last=|first=|date=|website=Entrepreneur|language=en|access-date=March 27, 2017}}
  105. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bigboy.com/franchise-faq.pdf|title=Bob's Big Boy FAQ's|last=|first=|date=|website=BigBoy.com|access-date=March 27, 2017}}
  106. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.franchise-info.ca/restaurant_funding_group/Big%20Boy%20Franchise%20Disclosure%20Document%202012.pdf|title=Big Boy Franchise Management Franchise Agreement|last=|first=|date=2012|website=Franchise-Info,ca|pages=8–9|access-date=March 27, 2017}}
  107. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.franchisegrade.com/franchises/frisch-s-big-boy|title=Frisch's Big Boy Franchise|last=|first=|date=|website=www.franchisegrade.com|access-date=March 28, 2017}}
  108. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.franchisegrade.com/franchises/frisch-s-big-boy/notes|title=Frisch's Big Boy Analyst Notes & Comparative Analysis|last=|first=|date=|website=www.franchisegrade.com|access-date=March 28, 2017}}
  109. ^{{Cite web|url=http://franchising.shoneys.com/faqs/|title=FAQs – Shoney's Franchise|website=franchising.shoneys.com|language=en-US|access-date=May 4, 2018}}
  110. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.frischs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/PressKit.pdf|title=Frisch's At-A-Glance|last=|first=|date=|website=frischs.com|access-date=March 27, 2017}}
  111. ^{{cite news | title =George Abdow, co-founder of Springfield-area Abdow's Big Boy restaurant chain, dies at 82 | url =http://www.masslive.com/business-news/index.ssf/2013/05/george_abdow_co-founder_of_springfield-a.html | newspaper =The Republican | location =Springfield, MA | date =May 29, 2013 | accessdate =August 2, 2013}}
  112. ^{{Citation | title =Massachusetts Secretary of State Corporate Search: Abdow's Big Boy of Riverdale, Inc.| url =http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/CorpSearchSummary.asp?ReadFromDB=True&UpdateAllowed=&FEIN=042257678}}
  113. ^{{cite news | title =Big Boy Bounced from New England | url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CIwzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4883,2297911&dq=abdow's+big+boy&hl=en | newspaper =Kingman Daily Miner | location =Kingman, AZ | date =April 15, 1994 | page =1 | accessdate =June 14, 2013}}
  114. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-may-11-1956-116034/|title=Now... We are featuring a complete curb service [Advertisement]|date=May 11, 1956|work=Chester Times|location=Chester, PA|page=35|access-date=November 4, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-jul-01-1955-116036/|title=Presenting the taste sensation you'll never forget! [Advertisement]|date=July 1, 1955|work=Chester Times|location=Chester, PA|page=5|access-date=November 4, 2016}}
  115. ^{{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-aug-13-1970-37499/|title=Formal Opening|last=|first=|date=August 13, 1970|access-date=April 29, 2016|location=Valparaiso, Indiana|page=20|quote=Azar's was started in Fort Wayne in 1953...|via=newspaperarchive.com|newspaper=Valparaiso Vidette Messenger}}{{free access}}
  116. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/Azars-Big-Boy-Family-Restaurants-Large-Menu-1986-Indiana-Colorado/153030192501?_trkparms=aid=222007&algo=SIC.MBE&ao=2&asc=50544&meid=44960b622c874ca9924165d64191238a&pid=100011&rk=2&rkt=4&sd=111234930025&itm=153030192501&_trksid=p2047675.c100011.m1850|title=Azar's Big Boy Family Restaurants Large Menu, 1986,Indiana, Colorado|date=May 20, 2018|website=eBay|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603124156/https://www.ebay.com/itm/Azars-Big-Boy-Family-Restaurants-Large-Menu-1986-Indiana-Colorado/153030192501?_trkparms=aid%3D222007%26algo%3DSIC.MBE%26ao%3D2%26asc%3D50544%26meid%3D44960b622c874ca9924165d64191238a%26pid%3D100011%26rk%3D2%26rkt%3D4%26sd%3D111234930025%26itm%3D153030192501&_trksid=p2047675.c100011.m1850|archive-date=June 3, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=June 3, 2018|quote=Since the first Big Boy opened in Fort Wayne in May of 1954, Azar's Restaurants and their chubby little mascot with the checkered pants have become a familiar sight in Northern Indiana and Colorado.}}
  117. ^^1 2 3 {{cite news | url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0EB6C482E9CD84B1?p=AWNB | subscription=yes | via=NewsBank | title=Cherubic Big Boy Caught in a Pickle | first=Keith | last=Leininger | work=News-Sentinel | place=Fort Wayne | date=December 6, 1984 | accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
  118. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20131201/LOCAL/312019943/-1/vid|title=Azars shifting family business from food to property|last1=Wyche|first1=Paul|date=December 1, 2013|newspaper=The Journal Gazette|access-date=September 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234146/http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20131201/LOCAL/312019943/-1/vid|archive-date=April 18, 2014|deadurl=y|publisher=Fort Wayne Newspapers|location=Fort Wayne}}
  119. ^^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-celebrity-clipping-jun-25-1965-488869/|title=Bob's Big Boy restaurant holds opening ceremony|last=|first=|date=June 25, 1965|work=Van Nuys News|access-date=December 13, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|edition=Central|page=21-A|via=Newspaperarchive.com}} {{free access}}
  120. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15580280/first_beckers_big_boy/|title=Becker's Grand Opening [Advertisement]|last=|first=|date=August 31, 1956|work=The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=December 5, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|pages=8–9|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  121. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15494053/|title=Auction: By order of the Board of Directors, Becker's Big Boy Inc. [Legal Advertisement]|last=|first=|date=September 14, 1965|work=Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=December 17, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Rochester|page=7C|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  122. ^^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-17-1962-34518/|title=Charleston Drive-In Zooms To Huge 10-State Business|last=Schaffer|first=Frank|date=April 17, 1962|work=Charleston Daily Mail|pages=12, 17|quote="Then came the expansion outside West Virginia with franchised stores. Before 1956, Shoney's restaurants were operating in Richmond, Salem, Hampton, Norfolk and Newport News, Va., Rochester, N. Y., Philadelphia, Chattanooga, Charlotte and Wheeling [WV]... [I]n 1958, the expansion continued. Three openings were held in Roanoke, one in Lynchburg, and five in Nashville."|via=newspaperarchive.com|accessdate=February 26, 2013}} In this list, the Rochester franchise is Becker's, the Wheeling franchise is Elby's, the Philadelphia franchises are Tune's and Arnold's, the Chattanooga franchise is Shap's, and the Roanoke, Virginia franchises are Lendy's and Yoda's.{{free access}}
  123. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15582558/beckers_1957/|title=Year–round drive–in service at your favorite Becker's Big Boy [advertisement]|date=November 28, 1957|work=Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=March 20, 2018|location=Rochester, New York|page=24E|quote=975 Ridge Rd. East, 1280 Buffalo Rd.... 814 Brown St., 2947 Monroe Ave.|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  124. ^{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Hamburg%20NY%20Sun/Hamburg%20NY%20Sun%202009-2010/Hamburg%20NY%20Sun%202009-2010%20-%200449.pdf|title=Out of the Past: Johnson's Drive-In, Route 5 in Athol Springs, 1957|last=Baker|first=Jim|date=March 18, 2010|newspaper=The Sun|location=Hamburg (NY)|page=12|format=PDF|quote=The Johnson family continued to run the business until 1959 ... When the Johnson's left the business, they sold out to the Becker family of Rochester who owned the "Big Boy" franchise restaurants. They had successful restaurants in Buffalo, but for whatever reason, they never re-opened the former drive-in at the circle. It is believed that they tried to expand too fast and fell on hard financial times.|accessdate=April 12, 2013}}
  125. ^{{cite news | title =JB's Restaurant being demolished, property listed for $1.2 million | first =Amanda | last=Rickner | url =http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/economy/article_bf765366-6e2d-11e1-abab-0019bb2963f4.html?mode=jqm | newspaper =Bozeman Daily Chronicle | publisher =Pioneer News Group | location =Bozeman MT | date =March 15, 2012 | accessdate =October 8, 2013 | quote =The restaurant was constructed in the early 1970s, according to city building records. For a time, it was a Bud's Big Boy restaurant before becoming JB's.}}
  126. ^{{cite news | last=Rochester | first=Helen | date=August 9, 1978 | title=Lunch in Westmount: Modified Big Boy is no treat | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19780809&id=eYIuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=faEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1008,3005040 | newspaper=The [Montreal] Gazette | publisher=Southam Press | accessdate=April 14, 2014}}
  127. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18206058/the_burlington_free_press/|title=No Big Boy in St. Albans this year|last=|first=|date=May 31, 1984|work=The Burlington Free Press|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=2|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}}
  128. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18205983/the_burlington_free_press/|title=2 for 1 special [advertisement]|last=|first=|date=May 30, 1984|work=The Burlington Free Press|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=7B|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}}
  129. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18207782/the_burlington_free_press/|title=You just can't stop yourself [advertisement]|last=|first=|date=April 20, 1986|work=The Burlington Free Press|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=8D|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}}
  130. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18207959/the_burlington_free_press/|title=Downtown Wendy's opening delayed by design|last=Debbie|first=Salomon|date=July 9, 1991|work=The Burlington Free Press|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=1D|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}}
  131. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20629329/pittsburgh_postgazette/|title=Eat'n Park in high gear|last=McKay|first=Jim|date=June 6, 1989|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 2, 2018|pages=13, 15|quote=Eat'n Park dropped the Big Boy franchise in 1975|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20629322/pittsburgh_postgazette/ Part 1] {{free access}}
  132. ^"Peters, co-founder of Eat'n Park, dead at 87", Nation's Restaurant News, August 28, 2000.
  133. ^{{cite news |title=Obituary: William D. Peters / President of Eat'n Park restaurants |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20000820peters4.asp |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=August 20, 2000 |accessdate=February 15, 2013}}
  134. ^Kapner, Suzanne, "After 46 years, Eat'n Park still revs sales, appetites", Nation's Restaurant News, September 18, 1995.
  135. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15268230/elbys_penna_big_boy_rights/|title=Elby's given rights to franchise|last=|first=|date=March 20, 1979|work=The Times Recorder|access-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Zanesville, Ohio|page=14|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  136. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=http://weelunk.com/the-elbys-empire-part-4/|title=The Elby's Empire: Part 4 - My Elby's|last=Novotney|first=Steve|date=March 5, 2016|website=Weelunk|language=en-US|access-date=February 10, 2017}}
  137. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-mar-28-1960-37481/|title=and... NOW THERE ARE 3 Elby's [advertisement]|date=March 28, 1960|newspaper=Cambridge Daily Jeffersonian|page=7|access-date=July 30, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  138. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jan-11-1971-37470/|title=Advertisement: Grand opening our 16th special|date=January 11, 1971|work=The Cambridge Daily Jeffersonian|page=9|access-date=September 7, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  139. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-aug-01-1973-81087/|title=Narcotics Evidence Is Found Illegal|date=August 1, 1973|work=Cumberland Evening Times|page=27|access-date=September 7, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  140. ^^1 2 3 {{cite court |litigants= Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Elby's Big Boy |vol=661 | reporter=F.Supp. | opinion=971 |court=S.D. Ohio, E.D. | date=1987 | url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/661/971/2372457/ | accessdate=December 6, 2014}}
  141. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/11B86B4E174D02F8?p=AWNB|title=Elby's franchise switch makes it Shoney's today|last=Amatos|first=Christopher A.|date=April 2, 1989|work=Columbus Dispatch|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=September 8, 2017|via=Newsbank|url-access=subscription|page=7D|quote=Shoney's, ironically, ... has never been in Columbus because of restrictions imposed by the Big Boy system, of which Shoney's was once a member. West Virginia-based Elby's also was once a Big Boy franchise.}}* {{Cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/10E0D98E7A26F298?p=AWNB|title=Franchisee's 9 Shoney's Restaurants in area up for sale|last=|first=|date=March 25, 1993|work=Columbus Dispatch|access-date=September 8, 2017|via=Newsbank|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=1G|url-access=subscription|quote=The nine units consist of seven in Columbus and one each in Newark and Heath.}}* {{Cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/10E0DA27C0BB5120?p=AWNB|title=Owner closes five area JT's Restaurants|last=Amatos|first=Christopher A.|date=August 5, 1993|work=Columbus Dispatch|access-date=September 8, 2017|via=Newsbank|archive-date=|4=|page=1B|url-access=subscription|quote=In May [Boury Enterprises] dropped the Shoney's franchise and converted six of the nine units to JT's Family Restaurants. It sold three closed restaurants to Shoney's.... Shoney's said that it plans to reopen in November, December and January the three stores it purchased.}}
  142. ^¹ {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19880801&id=NKtdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aF0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1897,412538|title=Elby's rejoins Big Boy chain|date=August 3, 1988|publisher=Observer Publishing Company|newspaper=Observer Reporter|location=Washington, PA|page=C-6|via=Google news|accessdate=February 14, 2013}}
  143. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oqtdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YV0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5933,5159444|title=Elby's Big Boy Strawberry Festival (Advertisement)|date=April 26, 1994|publisher=Observer Publishing Company|newspaper=Observer Reporter|location=Washington, PA|page=B-2|via=Google news|accessdate=February 14, 2013}}
  144. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-dec-23-1969-119890/|title=Elby's Opens in Scranton|last=|first=|date=December 23, 1969|work=The Weirton Daily Times|access-date=November 10, 2016|publisher=Thompson - Brush - Moore Newspapers|page=5|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-sep-07-1970-119884/|title=Opens 16th Elby's|last=|first=|date=September 7, 1970|work=The Gettysburg Times|access-date=November 10, 2016|page=3|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=http://standardspeaker.com/news/former-friendly-s-sold-to-investors-1.1933451|title=Former Friendly's sold to investors|last=Dino|first=Jim|date=August 28, 2015|work=Standard Speaker|access-date=November 10, 2016|publisher=Times-Shamrock Communications|location=Hazelton, PA|quote=In the late 1970s, Marvin Franklin changed 13 Elby's restaurants he owned in Pennsylvania and elsewhere on the East Coast into Franklin's Family Restaurants, with a menu similar to its predecessor.}}
  145. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-05-1986-119877/|title=Firms agree on sale of 70 Elby's locations|date=April 5, 1986|work=The Altoona Mirror|agency=Mirror and United Press International|page=D3|access-date=November 10, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  146. ^¹ {{cite news |title= Big Boy Hamburger Now At Frejlach's |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-oct-07-1954-44171/ |newspaper=Arlington Heights Herald |location=Arlington Heights, IL |date= October 7, 1954|page=12 |accessdate=September 30, 2012|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  147. ^{{cite book | title=1956 Oak Park Telephone Directory| url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-advertisement-clipping-may-01-1956-267466/| year=1956| page=133}}
  148. ^{{Cite news|title=New Owner of Big Boy Gobbles Up Franchise Rights|last=Kosdrosky|first=Terry|date=February 2001|work=Crain's Detroit Business|issue=7|volume=17|page=32}}
  149. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.frischsnwo.com/press_news_2013_May1.html |title=Frisch's Big Boy Celebrates Founder's Day May 3 |website=[Official] Frisch's Big Boy of Northwest Ohio |accessdate=July 29, 2013 |quote=Toledo brothers Milton & David Bennett purchased the franchise rights to build and operate Frisch's Big Boy restaurants in Northwest Ohio. Bennett Enterprises owns and operates 13 family-style restaurants with drive-thru service under the name Frisch's Big Boy.}}
  150. ^^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15047735/bobs_big_boy_restaurants_in_arizona/ |title=Big Boy chain in state is sold for $2.7 million |work=Arizona Republic |location=Phoenix |date=July 3, 1974 |page=43 |author= |via=Newspapers.com |quote=JB's Big JB's Big Boy Restaurants ... is licensed to operate in Utah, Idaho, Montana, Washington, South Dakota, Nevada, Nebraska, New Mexico, New Jersey, and in parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
  {{in5}}In New Mexico, JB's operates as Vip's Big Boy and in Nevada as Bob's Big Boy, the same as Arizona.}} {{free access}}
  151. ^¹ {{cite map|publisher=Big Boy Restaurants|title=Big Boy Restaurants 1986 50th Anniversary Western-Central US Road Map|edition=1986|at=back cover|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/380659418026?_trksid=p2048036|accessdate=June 27, 2013}}
  152. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/summit-family-restaurants-inc-history/|title=History of Summit Family Restaurants Inc.|last=FundingUniverse|website=www.fundinguniverse.com|access-date=December 8, 2016}}
  153. ^{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-18/business/fi-1644_1_big-boy-franchisee | title=Chubby 'Big Boy' May Disappear as Restaurant Changes | first=Keith | last=Bradsher | work=Los Angeles Times | date=March 18, 1988 | accessdate=October 22, 2017}}
  154. ^{{Cite web|url=http://jbsfamily.com/locations/|title=Locations|website=JB's Restaurants|access-date=December 8, 2016}} Using Salt Lake City zip code 84101, and a 500 mile radius.
  155. ^¹ {{cite magazine |date=January 1969 |title=Ken's |url=http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/wLAAAOSwU8hY7pDC/s-l1600.jpg |dead-url=no |magazine= Adventures of the Big Boy|at=back cover|issue=151|edition=Ken's|type=comic book |publisher=WEBS Advertising Corp.|format=jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003013236/http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/wLAAAOSwU8hY7pDC/s-l1600.jpg |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=October 2, 2017 }} (front cover; [https://web.archive.org/web/20171003014918/http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/I0MAAOSwc-tY7pDA/s-l1600.jpg archive])
  156. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/930/|title=White Log Coffee Shop, Los Angeles, CA|website=Pacific Coast Architecture Database|access-date=March 22, 2016|quote=Designed for the chain of coffee shops started by Kenneth Bemis}}
  157. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWl29hn0C9gC&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249|title=An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles|last=Winter|first=Robert|last2=Gebhard|first2=David|publisher=Gibbs Smith|year=2009|isbn=9781423608936|location=|pages=249|language=en}}
  158. ^{{Cite web |url= http://www.preservationdallas.org/new_site/issues/kipsBigboy.php |title= EZ's Coffee Shop (formerly Kip's Big Boy) at Northwest Highway & Hillcrest, North Dallas To Be Demolished? |website= Preservation Dallas |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101212071417/http://www.preservationdallas.org/new_site/issues/kipsBigboy.php |archive-date= December 12, 2010 |access-date=September 9, 2016 |deadurl=no }}
  159. ^{{cite web |url=http://members.cox.net/lendys/lendys4.htm |title=Lendy's Web Page, part 4 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805045017/http://members.cox.net/lendys/lendys4.htm |archivedate= August 5, 2011 |deadurl=no }}
  160. ^¹ {{cite web |url=http://members.cox.net/lendys/lendys42.htm |title=Lendy's Web Page, part 2 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805045017/http://members.cox.net/lendys/lendys2.htm |archivedate= August 5, 2011 |deadurl=no }}
  161. ^{{cite news | title =Owner Realizes Early Ambitions | url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=R14zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M_gDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7538,355491&dq=leo+hansen+big+boy&hl=en | newspaper =Spokane Daily Chronicle | date =May 1, 1970 | page =23 | accessdate =June 14, 2013}}
  162. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jul-18-1971-35261/|title=Big Boy picks new directors|last=|first=|date=July 18, 1971|work=Provo Daily Herald|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=5|via=Newspaperarchive.com}}
  163. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=R3|title=Restaurants|first=Bette Lou|last=Higgins|date=August 9, 2009|website=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=Case Western Reserve University|access-date=September 9, 2016|quote=The first California-style drive-in in the Cleveland area, Manners Drive In, opened in 1939 (17655 Lake Shore Blvd.). It operated 7 days a week, 24 hours a day and was opened by Robert L. and Mona Manners. Manners introduced the double-decker hamburger in 1954. By 1964 there were 30 Manners Big Boy Restaurants in northeast Ohio ... In 1968 Manners merged with Consolidated Food Corp. of Chicago. In 1974 Marriott purchased 39 Manners Drive Ins from Consolidated Foods.... In 1995 the Big Boy Corp. was operating under the Elias Big Boy name.}}
  164. ^{{cite news | last=Feran | first=Tom | date=September 2, 2005 | title=Manners Big Boy's secret is on the tip of my tongue | url=http://plaindealer.com/ | archiveurl=http://blog.cleveland.com/pdextra/2011/04/manners_big_boys_secret_is_on.html | archivedate=April 21, 2011 | newspaper=The Plain Dealer | location=Cleveland | publisher=Newhouse Newspapers | accessdate=July 7, 2014}}
  165. ^{{cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0EB625B9CCCB1EB0?p=AWNB|title=Michigan Firm To Purchase 26 Ohio Big Boys|work=Akron Beacon Journal|date=February 16, 1985|first=Katie|last=Byard|department=Business|page=B-7|access-date=September 23, 2017|quote=Elias Brothers Restaurants Inc.... has agreed to purchase the 26 Bob's Big Boy outlets in Northeast Ohio from owner and Big Boy franchiser Mariott Corp.... Mariott purchased the Northeast Ohio Big Boy outlets, then under the name of Manners Big Boy Restaurants, from Chicago- based Consolidated Foods Corp. in the mid-1970s.|via=NewsBank|url-access=subscription}}
  166. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=c8EdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2CUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5560%2C127012|title=Milwaukee Welcomes BIG BOY [advertisement]|date=November 21, 1958|work=The Milwaukee Journal|access-date=June 2, 2018|page=22|quote=A free Coca-Cola with every food order during our opening week. Just clip the Marc's symbol from this ad and turn it in with your order.|via=Google news}} {{open access}}
  167. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/11/The-Marcus-Corporation.html|title=The Marcus Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on The Marcus Corporation|website=Reference for Business|publisher=Advameg, Inc.|access-date=November 2, 2016}}
  168. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20631060/the_postcrescent/|title=Marcus reports 26 per cent profit increase|date=August 10, 1973|work=The Post-Crescent|access-date=June 3, 2018|location=Appleton, Wisconsin|page=B–6|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  169. ^^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0EB827D72D229F72?p=AWNB|via=NewsBank|title=Marcus returns to fast-food's beginnings with Big Boy Express|last=Bednarek|first=David J.|date=June 4, 1993|work=The Milwuakee Journal|publisher=Journal/Sentinel, Inc.|page=C6}}{{subscription-required}}
  170. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20631227/wausau_daily_herald/|title=Tehan heads foundation; Big Boy changes name|last=Pirkl|first=Tim|date=May 5, 1989|work=Wausau Daily Herald|access-date=June 3, 2018|department=Taking Stock|page=C1|subscription=y|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  171. ^^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/life/green-sheet/2017/01/24/our-back-pages-when-they-locked-up-big-boy/96666878/|title=Our Back Pages: When they locked up Big Boy|last=Chris|first=Foran|date=January 24, 2017|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=January 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502101022/http://www.jsonline.com/story/life/green-sheet/2017/01/24/our-back-pages-when-they-locked-up-big-boy/96666878/|archive-date=May 2, 2017|dead-url=no}}
  172. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0EB82882D0373B44?p=AWNB|via=NewsBank|title='BYE, BOY Marcus selling cafes, Big Boys|last=Waterbury|first=Kathleen|date=September 14, 1994|work=The Milwaukee Sentinel|publisher=Journal/Sentinel Inc.|page=1D}}{{subscription-required}}
  173. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=N:4294963828-4294963805&dsRecordDetails=R:CS2812|title=Big Boy|date=January 31, 2005|website=Wisconsin Historical Society|access-date=November 2, 2016}}
  174. ^{{Cite news|url=https://onmilwaukee.com/dining/articles/on-the-burger-trail-kilawat.html|title=On the Burger Trail: Big Boy burger at Kil@wat|last=Fredrich|first=Lori|date=April 7, 2017|work=OnMilwaukee.com|access-date=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311205840/https://onmilwaukee.com/dining/articles/on-the-burger-trail-kilawat.html|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|language=en}}
  175. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilawatcuisine.com/pdf-kilawat-milwaukee/lunch-sept13.pdf|title=Kil@wat lunch menu|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311210003/http://www.kilawatcuisine.com/pdf-kilawat-milwaukee/lunch-sept13.pdf|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=January 24, 2017}}
  176. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilawatcuisine.com/pdf-kilawat-milwaukee/dinner-menu.pdf|title=Kil@wat dinner menu|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311210050/http://www.kilawatcuisine.com/pdf-kilawat-milwaukee/dinner-menu.pdf|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=March 8, 2017}}
  177. ^¹ {{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jul-26-1959-37504/|title='Big Boy' Trademark Suit Opens, Glendale Firm Asks Verdict|last=|first=|date=July 26, 1959|access-date=|location=Pasadena|page=11|via=newspaperarchive.com|newspaper=The Independent Star News}}{{free access}}
  178. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.nh.gov/corporate/soskb/Corp.asp?1097969|title=New Hampshire Corporate Record: Keene Big Boy, Inc.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502072532/https://quickstart.sos.nh.gov/online/BusinessInquire/BusinessInformation?businessID=466439|archive-date=May 2, 2017|dead-url=yes|accessdate=February 12, 2013}}
  179. ^{{cite web |url=http://members.aol.com/Pugwm/enterprise.html |title=(Mr. B's Image at) Janies's Big Boy Webpage |last1=Glassett |first1=Janie |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725232503/http://members.aol.com/Pugwm/enterprise.html |archivedate=July 25, 2008 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=February 11, 2013}}
  180. ^{{cite news | title =What Did That Building Used To Be? - Shap's | url =http://wew.chattanoogan.com/2002/7/16/24146/What-Did-That-Building-Used-To-Be--.aspx | newspaper =The Chattanoogan.com | date =July 16, 2002 | last =Jolley | first =Harmon |accessdate =September 30, 2013}}
  181. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theparkette.com/history.asp|title=The Parkette at the Beginning|website=Parkette Drive-In|access-date=December 4, 2016|quote=Joe Smiley opened the Parkette [Drive-In] on November 11, 1951.... Joe created his own version of the Double-Decker hamburger called the 'Poor Boy'. Joe brought this burger idea with him from West Virginia.}}
  182. ^^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/SHONEYS-Big-Boy-Menu-1950s-with-Menu-insert/282478019767|title=Shoney's Home of the Nationally Famous Big Boy [Menu]|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1959|isbn=|location=|at=back cover|quote=In West Virginia... Elby's of Wheeling - 2 locations, Elby's of Moundsville... In Virginia... Lendy's of Roanoke, Lendy's of Lynchburg, Yoda's of Roanoke|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528021242/http://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/YZgAAOSwt0FZBn-A/s-l1600.jpg|archive-date=May 28, 2017|dead-url=yes}} Note: This is a photograph of an early 1960s Shoney's menu cover [https://web.archive.org/web/20170528021000/http://www.ebay.com/itm/SHONEYS-Big-Boy-Menu-1950s-with-Menu-insert/282478019767 posted on Ebay], which lists then current Shoney's Big Boy restaurants including self-named subfranchises in Shoney's territory.
  183. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15758442/|title=Shoney's Changes Corporate Name|last=|first=|date=October 30, 1976|work=The Charleston Daily Mail|access-date=December 17, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=5B|quote= 'Our company is quite diversified within the food service business ... We believe the new name is less restrictive and more appropriate to the broader operations we have developed' |via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  184. ^{{Citation| url=http://www.mywvhome.com/fifties/contest.htm| title=Print ads in The Contest of the Century|work=The Charleston Gazette and The Charleston Daily Mail|location=Charleston, WV| year=1952–55| accessdate=June 27, 2012}}
  185. ^. . .* {{cite journal|last=Zuckerman |first=David |date=May 7, 1984 |title=Shoney's secedes from Big Boy system |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v18/ai_3260566/ |journal=Nation's Restaurant News |accessdate=April 15, 2014 |deadurl=y |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120708055132/http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m3190%2Fis_v18%2Fai_3260566%2F |archivedate=July 8, 2012 }}* {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/08/business/graph-of-shoney-s-net-income-since-1974-at-shoney-s-details-count.html|title=Graph of Shoney's net income since 1974; At Shoney's, details count|date=June 8, 1984|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|quote=Shoney's started expanding outside of its franchise territory in 1982 by opening coffee shops without Big Boy markings in neighboring states. A fellow Big Boy franchisee sued to stop the move, but after Shoney's won a favorable court ruling in March, Marriott quickly agreed to scrap the franchise agreement for $13 million in cash.|access-date=November 29, 2016}}
  186. ^{{cite court|litigants=Gazda v. Kolinski|vol=91|reporter=A.D.2d|opinion=860|court=N.Y. App. Div.|date=1982|url=http://www.leagle.com/decision/198295191AD2d860_1406/GAZDA%20v.%20KOLINSKI?|accessdate=May 26, 2017}}
  187. ^{{cite news | title=Obituary: Lucian Frejlach | newspaper=Oshkosh Northwestern | publisher=Gannett | date=February 9, 2014 | url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thenorthwestern/obituary.aspx?pid=169555514 | accessdate=May 26, 2014}}
  188. ^{{cite magazine |author=|title=This comic book is a gift from Tops |magazine=Adventures of the Big Boy |issue=126 |edition=Q: Tops Big Boy|location= |publisher= |date=December 1966 |at=back cover imprint |access-date= }} Lists eight locations; six are in the Chicago metropolitan area: Norton Grove, La Grange, Aurora, Glen Ellyn, Downer's Grove, Berwyn, and the other two: Springfield, Jacksonville, are in central Illinois.
  189. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/Tops-1974-Big-Boy-Family-Restaurants-Menu-Wisc-Minn-Ill-Iowa/163078390815?hash=item25f83ac41f:g:QCcAAOSwrU1bEyeE|title=Top's 1974 Big Boy Family Restaurants Menu -Wisc.,Minn.,Ill., Iowa|date=June 2, 2018|website=eBay|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603072104/https://www.ebay.com/itm/Tops-1974-Big-Boy-Family-Restaurants-Menu-Wisc-Minn-Ill-Iowa/163078390815?hash=item25f83ac41f:g:QCcAAOSwrU1bEyeE|archive-date=June 3, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=June 3, 2018}}
  190. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15377534/totes_begins/ |title=New Chain Plans 33 Restaurants |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=June 9, 1963 |page=5F |accessdate=November 25, 2017 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  191. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-27-1967-35251/|title=Tote's Home of the Big Boy New Restaurant Opening [Advertisement]|date=April 27, 1967|work=Saint Charles Journal|page=35|access-date=November 2, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  192. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15377534/totes_begins/|title=New chain plans 33 restaurants|last=|first=|date=June 9, 1963|work=The St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=December 4, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=5F|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  193. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15493991/shoneys_granted_missouri/|title=Shoney's Big Boy franchise|last=|first=|date=December 6, 1972|work=The St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=December 4, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=11C|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  194. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15356500/tunes_big_boy_begins/ |title=Real Estate News |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=February 22, 1956 |page=42 |accessdate=November 4, 2017 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
  195. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15351209/shoneys_philadelphia/ |first=Jerry |last=Gaghan |title=Burton May Perform Here |work=Philadelphia Daily News |date=December 16, 1963 |page=43 |quote=Alex Schoenbaum ... was in to look over the 50th unit in his chain of Shoney's restaurant drive-in at Cottman Ave. and Roosevelt Blvd. Shoney's first move in linking forces with local operator Jack Engel was a remodeling and expansion of the dining room facilities. |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=November 24, 2017}} {{free access}}
  196. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15353085/shoneys_formerly_tunes/ |title=Applications Now Being Taken ... (Help Wanted Advertisement) |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=November 8, 1963 |page=37 |quote=...Shoney's Restaurant (formerly Tunes Big Boy) Roosevelt Blvd. at Cottman |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=November 24, 2017}} {{free access}}
  197. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-dec-07-1957-35242/|title=Levittown Restaurant Opens|last=|first=|date=December 7, 1957|work=Bristol Daily Courier|access-date=December 13, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=2|via=Newspaperarchive.com}} {{free access}}
  198. ^{{cite news |date=September 18, 1959 |title= [Advertisement] We Are Famous! |url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer%201959/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer%201959%20b%20-%202255.pdf |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=February 10, 2015 }}
  199. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-dec-05-1957-35305/|title=Levittown's Newest Citizen is here [Advertisement]|date=December 5, 1957|work=Bristol Daily Courier|page=34|access-date=November 2, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  200. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-apr-15-1959-35218/|title=Big Boy Restaurant Discontinues Operation|date=April 15, 1959|work=Bristol Daily Courier|page=3|access-date=November 2, 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  201. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-aug-29-1963-81887/|title=Restaurant Chain Expands to E.P.|last=|first=|date=August 29, 1963|work=El Paso Herald Post|access-date=September 9, 2016|page=32|quote=VIP's Big Boy restaurants of New Mexico, Inc. today announced a merger with the Big Boy restaurant organization in El Paso, which will serve as headquarters for expansion throughout West Texas. ... The firm has taken over a restaurant at 8409 Dyer Street formerly known as Kip's Big Boy Restaurant.|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  202. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/Matchbook-Vips-Big-Boy-Hamburgers-Cheyenne-Torrington-WY-FULL-/121690863841?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c555738e1 |title=Matchbook - Vip's Big Boy Hamburgers Cheyenne Torrington WY FULL |website=ebay |access-date=July 28, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150728112056/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Matchbook-Vips-Big-Boy-Hamburgers-Cheyenne-Torrington-WY-FULL-/121690863841?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c555738e1 |archive-date= July 28, 2015}}
  203. ^{{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jan-19-1962-267458/|title=New Restaurant Is Planned Here|last=|first=|date=January 19, 1962|work=Albuquerque Journal|publisher=Journal Publishing Co.|location=Albuquerque|page=2|via=newspaperarchive.com|accessdate=October 19, 2012}}{{free access}}
  204. ^{{cite news | author = | date=September 1, 1972 | title=JB's Big Boy Plans Fall Stock Offering | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_iscAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0VsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5897,418458&dq | newspaper=The Deseret News | location=Salt Lake City | page=4T | accessdate=July 7, 2014}}
  205. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-aug-15-1982-114710/|title=Children's project gets $1,000 gift|last=|first=|date=August 15, 1982|work=Santa Fe New Mexican Sun|access-date=November 2, 2016|page=4|quote=Commenting on the name change from Vip's Big Boy to JB's Big Boy, Clark D. Jones, president of the Salt Lake City-based restaurant chain, said it was done with several new changes in the restaurants and to add more cohesiveness to the operation of the company.|via=newspaperarchive.com}}{{free access}}
  206. ^{{cite news|title=VIP's officials announce sale of restaurants|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OqxQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=heEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3629%2C4575781|accessdate=June 17, 2013|newspaper=The Register-Guard|date=August 18, 1984|location=Eugene, Oregon|page=9B}}
  207. ^{{cite news| date=March 23, 1968 | title=[Advertisement] Mady's Big Boy Turns Back the Clock on Food Prices! | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=se1fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aVEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2508,354702 | newspaper=The Windsor Star| page=D3 | accessdate=July 7, 2014}}
  208. ^{{cite SAFLII|litigants=McDonald's Corporation v Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. and Another; McDonald's Corporation v Dax Prop CC and Another; McDonald's Corporation v Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. and Another|court=ZASCA|year=1996|num=82|date=August 27, 1996|courtname=auto}}
  209. ^{{cite news |last=Kent |first=Jack |title=Business Highlights: Elias Big Boy to open here |newspaper=The Windsor Star |publication-place=Windsor, ON, Canada |date=December 26, 1973 |page=20 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3DY_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=sFEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1152,2758584 |via=Google News}}
  210. ^¹ {{cite web |url=http://www.makemigration.com/aktivnosti/biznismeni/bitof.htm |title=Executive Summary: John Bitove, Sr. |accessdate=September 29, 2012}}
  211. ^¹ {{cite web |url=http://www.zensho.co.jp/en/group/fr/bb.html |title=Zensho Group: Big Boy, Hamburger Steak & Grill Restaurant |website=Zénsho Holdings Company |accessdate=December 12, 2014}}
  212. ^{{cite news |last=Matsutani |first=Minoru |date=January 25, 2011 |title=Family restaurants falling from flavor |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/01/25/reference/family-restaurants-falling-from-flavor |newspaper=Japan Times |location=Tokyo |publisher=Toshiaki Ogasawara |accessdate=July 7, 2014}}
  213. ^¹ {{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.bigboyjapan.co.jp/ |title=Big Boy Japan Menu Items |publisher=Big Boy Japan |accessdate=February 9, 2013}}
  214. ^{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/BUSINESS/asia/12/01/japan.daiei/index.html |title=Daiei seen selling restaurant chains |website=CNN |date=December 1, 2002 |author=}}
  215. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Daiei+to+sell+2+units+to+Zensho+group.-a095100576 |title=Daiei to sell 2 units to Zensho group |work=Japan Weekly Monitor |date=December 9, 2002 |author= |via=The Free Library}}
  216. ^. . .* {{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19920401&id=R8MfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Y9gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1530,74229&hl=en|title=Memories of unforgettable food|last=Weir|first=Nancy|date=April 1, 1992|newspaper=Gadsden Times|page=C1|quote=[T]oday there are 963 franchise units in the United States, Canada, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia|access-date=March 22, 2016}}*{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16325758/tallahassee_democrat/|title=Deal brings Big Boys to Spain, Portugal|last=|first=|date=August 17, 1993|work=Tallahassee Democrat|access-date=January 8, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|department=In Brief|edition=Main|page=6B|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}* {{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19980701&id=DkIiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iqwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5921,7276&hl=en|title=Big Boy restaurant returns to Owosso|date=July 1, 1998|publisher=The Argus-Press Company|newspaper=The Argus-Press|location=Owosso, MI|edition=180|page=1|quote=Today, Elias Brothers Restaurants, based in Warren, franchises nearly 900 units in the United States, Canada, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Brazil and the Philippines.|access-date=March 23, 2016|via=Google News Archive}}* {{cite magazine|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=s9156396&db=f5h&AN=9505241361|first=Mark|last=Hamstra|title=Big Boy sets foot on European soil|magazine=Nation's Restaurant News |date=May 8, 1995|volume=29|issue=19|access-date=September 7, 2017|via=MasterFILE Premier|subscription=y}} {{Subscription or libraries}}* {{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=20010620&id=3Ys1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=mqwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1450,4258773&hl=en|title=Big Boy comic book contest announced|date=June 20, 2001|work=The Argus-Press|publisher=The Argus-Press Company|location=Owosso, MI|page=6|quote=Big Boy Restaurants International LLC is the exclusive worldwide franchiser of more than 455 Big Boy Restaurants in the United States, Japan and Egypt.|access-date=March 23, 2016|via=Google News Archive}}
  217. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=s9156396&db=f5h&AN=21789414|first=Jack|last=Hayes|title=Family brands undergo updates to meet diners' changing needs|magazine=Nation's Restaurant News|date=July 24, 2006|volume=40|issue=30|page=78|quote=...the chain now boasts approximately 175 directly franchised and company-owned locations...|access-date=September 7, 2017|via=MasterFILE Premier}}{{Subscription or libraries}}
  218. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/01/detroit-islandview-big-boy-closing/99911836/|title=Death of Detroit's last Big Boy sparks east side angst|last=Aguilar|first=Louis|date=April 1, 2017|work=Detroit News|access-date=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401231654/http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/01/detroit-islandview-big-boy-closing/99911836/|archive-date=April 1, 2017|dead-url=no|language=en}}
  219. ^¹ {{Cite news|url=http://www.tctimes.com/news/people-love-their-big-boy/article_9e6bd9ce-ff7e-11e6-a2b7-43ce4a2a5ff8.html|title='People love their Big Boy'|last=Rummell|first=Sally|date=March 2, 2017|work=Tri-County Times|access-date=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409171740/http://www.tctimes.com/news/people-love-their-big-boy/article_9e6bd9ce-ff7e-11e6-a2b7-43ce4a2a5ff8.html|archive-date=April 9, 2017|dead-url=no}}
  220. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.commercial-news.com/news/local_news/big-boy-restaurant-gets-new-name/article_08147fbe-a264-5acf-90d5-b524ec27ca47.html|title=Big Boy Restaurant gets new name|last=Bailey|first=Jennifer|date=April 13, 2017|work=Danville Commercial News|access-date=May 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311204434/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EQU0dkA7YJMJ:www.commercial-news.com/news/local_news/big-boy-restaurant-gets-new-name/article_08147fbe-a264-5acf-90d5-b524ec27ca47.html+&cd=11&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|quote=[T]he restaurant no longer has a contract with Big Boy and the owners are opening their own restaurant at 369 Lynch Rd.
  {{in5}}The name of the restaurant will now be Border Cafe.}}
  221. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/business/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2016/04/ann_arbor_area_big_boy_closes.html|title=Ann Arbor area Big Boy closes suddenly|last=Durr|first=Matt|date=April 21, 2016|work=MLive.com|access-date=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006173233/http://www.mlive.com/business/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2016/04/ann_arbor_area_big_boy_closes.html|archive-date=October 6, 2016|dead-url=no|language=en-US}}
  222. ^¹ . . .* {{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/jackson/index.ssf/2016/09/jackson_1.html|title=Big Boy in Jackson closes its doors|last=DesOrmeau|first=Taylor|date=September 26, 2016|newspaper=Jackson Citizen Patriot|quote=[The Jackson, Michigan] Big Boy officially closed Monday, Sept. 26, [2016]. ... The restaurant opened as a Big Boy between 1960 and 1961, the source said.|access-date=October 19, 2016}}* {{Cite news|url=http://www.houghtonlakeresorter.com/news/2016-10-06/Front_Page/GOODBYE_BIG_BOY.html|title=Goodbye Big Boy|last=Reznich|first=Thomas|date=October 6, 2016|work=Houghton Lake Resorter|access-date=October 18, 2016|quote=The Big Boy that graced the top of the Big Boy restaurant sign on M-55 at Houghton Lake was lowered to the ground Oct. 3.... Libby Whittington, daughter of restaurant building owner Barb Whittington, ... said the restaurant will continue to operate, but will now be known as Mikey's.}}
  223. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.lenconnect.com/news/20170108/tecumseh-big-boy-to-drop-franchise-affiliation|title=Tecumseh Big Boy to drop franchise affiliation|last=Shapiro|first=Dmitriy|date=|work=The Daily Telegram|access-date=May 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507122903/http://www.lenconnect.com/news/20170108/tecumseh-big-boy-to-drop-franchise-affiliation|archive-date=May 7, 2017|dead-url=no|language=en|quote=The family-owned restaurant on M-50 on the western edge of Tecumseh is planning not to renew its contract when the current 20-year franchise agreement expires Nov. 1.
  {{in5}}[The owners] said ... they felt that it was the right time to move on when 'six or seven years' prior, the company told its franchisees to undertake a complete renovation if they wanted a new contract ... adding that most of the franchises appear to be making the same decision.' }}
  224. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailyreporter.com/news/20180403/big-boy-restaurant-closes|title=Big Boy restaurant closes|last=Reid|first=Don|date=April 3, 2018|work=The Daily Reporter|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405165849/http://www.thedailyreporter.com/news/20180403/big-boy-restaurant-closes|archive-date=April 5, 2018|dead-url=no|location=Coldwater, Michigan}}
  225. ^¹ {{Cite web|url=http://wtvbam.com/news/articles/2018/apr/03/big-boy-restaurant-in-coldwater-closes-monday/|title=Big Boy restaurant in Coldwater closes Monday|last=Delaney|first=Ken|date=April 3, 2018|website=WTVB AM|location=Coldwater, Michigan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405170304/http://wtvbam.com/news/articles/2018/apr/03/big-boy-restaurant-in-coldwater-closes-monday/|archive-date=April 3, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=April 5, 2018}}
  226. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.macombdaily.com/general-news/20170901/big-boy-in-mount-clemens-closes-after-40-years|title=Big Boy in Mount Clemens closes after 40 years|last=Hotts|first=Mitch|date=September 1, 2017|work=The Macomb Daily|access-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311204713/http://www.macombdaily.com/general-news/20170901/big-boy-in-mount-clemens-closes-after-40-years|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|publisher=Digital First Media|location=Township, MI|quote=[T]he eatery closed after the last shift on Sunday night [August 27, 2017].}}
  227. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.macombdaily.com/lifestyle/20170906/big-boy-on-gratiot-in-eastpointe-also-shuts-down|title=Big Boy on Gratiot in Eastpointe also shuts down|last=Hotts|first=Mitch|date=September 6, 2017|work=The Macomb Daily|access-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311205207/http://www.macombdaily.com/lifestyle/20170906/big-boy-on-gratiot-in-eastpointe-also-shuts-down|archive-date=March 11, 2018|dead-url=no|publisher=Digital First Media|location=Township, MI|quote=The landmark Big Boy on Gratiot Avenue near Nine Mile Road closed in August [2017].}}
  228. ^{{Cite web|url=http://burgersandshakes.com/|title=Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes|last=|first=|date=|website=burgersandshakes.com|language=en|access-date=April 9, 2017}}
  229. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ownabigboy.com/|title=Own a Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes – Franchise Opportunities|last=|first=|date=|website=ownabigboy.com|language=en|access-date=October 30, 2017}}
  230. ^{{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jun-09-1986-145884//|title=Big Boy's original Bob takes it easy in Newport|last=Searl|first=Laura|date=June 9, 1986|work=|access-date=February 16, 2017|publication-place=Santa Ana, CA|via=newspaperarchive.com|newspaper=Orange County Register}} {{free access}}
  231. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19581216&id=OexQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uyUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6932,3358626&hl=en|title=From Dishwasher to Owner of Chain of Restaurants Is the Story of Bob Wian|last=Lawrence|first=Larry|date=December 16, 1958|access-date=January 12, 2018|publisher=The Journal Company|via=GoogleNews|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal Green Sheet}} {{open access}}
  232. ^{{cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/robert-thomas-other-articles-clipping-jan-26-1967-130685//|title=Big Boy Founder Turns $350 into $225 Million Business|last=Finneman|first=John T.|date=January 26, 1967|work=Racine Journal-Times|page=6A|access-date=February 26, 2017|via=newspaperarchive.com}} {{free access}}
  233. ^{{cite book | last=Hansen | first=Christian | title=The Big Boy Story: "King of Them All" | year=2002 | publisher=Haagen Printing | location=Santa Barbara | isbn=978-0967194363 | quote=(page 75) On a plane trip to Keene, New Hampshire ... to visit with [Big Boy] franchisee Manfred Bernhard, creator of the Big Boy Comic Book. ... Manfred greeted us at the plane in his car, loaded us in, and we drove in an opposite direction to his restaurant, Mr. 'B's'. }}
  234. ^{{Cite news|url=http://cbgxtra.com/columnists/john-jackson-miller-longbox-manifesto/cbg-1192-96-end-of-an-era-for-king-of-the-giveaways|title=End of an Era for King of the Giveaways|last=Miller|first=John Jackson|date=September 20, 1996|work=Comics Buyers Guide|access-date=April 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090326/http://cbgxtra.com/columnists/john-jackson-miller-longbox-manifesto/cbg-1192-96-end-of-an-era-for-king-of-the-giveaways|archive-date=November 26, 2010|dead-url=no|issue=1192}}
  

  References

  {{reflist|30em|refs=^{[230][231][232][233][234]}
  }}

  Further reading

  • {{cite book | author=Hansen, Christian | title=The Big Boy Story: "King of Them All" | publisher=Haagen Printing | year=2002 | isbn=978-0967194363}}
  • {{cite book | author=Langdon, Philip | title=Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants | publisher=Knopf | year=1986 | isbn=978-0394741291}}

  External links

  {{commons category|Big Boy restaurants}}

  Official Big Boy company sites

  • Big Boy Restaurants International
  • Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes, additional site
  • Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants
  • Bob's Big Boy Restaurant, Burbank, CA
  • Big Boy (Restaurants) Japan [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.bigboyjapan.co.jp/ partial English translation by Google]

  Other sites

  • The Elby's (Big Boy) Empire. Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  • Roadside Peek: Big Boy Big Boy East Big Boy Japan
  • RoadsideArchitecture: Big Boy Frisch's Big Boy
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416212730/http://oldroanoke.net/lendys/ Lendy's Web Pages] (archived)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701113131/http://www.googieart.com/main02.htm Armet & Davis restaurant design renderings for Bob's Big Boy] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150104130417/http://www.googieart.com/Main03.htm for Azar's Big Boy] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150104130855/http://www.googieart.com/main04.htm for Frisch's Big Boy] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064412/http://www.googieart.com/Main05.htm for Kip's Big Boy]
  {{Fast-food chains of the United States}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Big Boy (Restaurant)}}
  18 : Big Boy Restaurants|History of Los Angeles|Restaurants in California|Companies based in Macomb County, Michigan|Restaurants in Michigan|Economy of the Midwestern United States|Culture of the Midwestern United States|Regional restaurant chains in the United States|Restaurants established in 1936|Drive-in restaurants|Hamburger restaurants|Restaurant franchises|Buffet restaurants|Theme restaurants|Marriott International brands|1936 establishments in California|American companies established in 1936|Advertising characters

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