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词条 Bilderberg Meeting
释义

  1. Origin

  2. Participants

  3. Meetings

  4. Activities and goals

  5. Organizational structure

  6. Chairmen of the Steering Committee

  7. Criticisms and conspiracy theories

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{short description|Annual private conference}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Infobox organization
|name = Bilderberg Meeting
|image = Bilderberg - Oosterbeek.jpg
|caption = Bilderberg Hotel in the Netherlands, eponymous location of the first conference in 1954
|formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1954|05|29}}
|extinction =
|leader_title = Chairman of the Steering Committee
|leader_name = Henri de Castries
|size = 250px
|membership = c. 150 invitees, smaller core group
|website = {{URL|http://bilderbergmeetings.org/}}
}}

The Bilderberg Meeting is an annual conference established in 1954 by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands[1] "to foster dialogue between Europe and North America".[2] Participants are European and North American political leaders, experts from industry, finance, academia, and the media.[3] The meetings are held under the Chatham House Rule.[2] The Bilderberg meetings are also unofficially called the "Bilderberg Group", "Bilderberg conference" or "Bilderberg Club".

Origin

The first conference was held at the Hotel de Bilderberg in Oosterbeek, Netherlands, from 29 to 31 May 1954.[4] It was initiated by several people, including Polish politician-in-exile Józef Retinger who, concerned about the growth of anti-Americanism in Western Europe, proposed an international conference at which leaders from European countries and the United States would be brought together with the aim of promoting Atlanticism—better understanding between the cultures of the United States and Western Europe to foster cooperation on political, economic, and defense issues.[5]

Retinger approached Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands who agreed to promote the idea, together with former Belgian prime minister Paul van Zeeland, and the then-head of Unilever, Dutchman Paul Rijkens. Bernhard in turn contacted Walter Bedell Smith, the then-head of the CIA, who asked Eisenhower adviser Charles Douglas Jackson to deal with the suggestion.[6] The guest list was to be drawn up by inviting two attendees from each nation, one of each to represent "conservative" and "liberal" points of view.[5] Fifty delegates from 11 countries in Western Europe attended the first conference, along with 11 Americans.[7]

The success of the meeting led the organizers to arrange an annual conference. A permanent steering committee was established with Retinger appointed as permanent secretary. As well as organizing the conference, the steering committee also maintained a register of attendee names and contact details with the aim of creating an informal network of individuals who could call upon one another in a private capacity.[8] Conferences were held in France, Germany, and Denmark over the following three years. In 1957, the first U.S. conference was held on St. Simons Island, Georgia, with $30,000 from the Ford Foundation. The foundation also supplied funding for the 1959 and 1963 conferences.[6]

Participants

{{Main article|List of Bilderberg participants}}

The participants are between 120 and 150 people composed of political leaders, experts from industry, finance, academia and the media.[2] About two thirds of the participants come from Europe and the rest from North America; one third from politics and government and the rest from other fields.[2][4] Historically, attendee lists have been weighted toward bankers, politicians, directors of large businesses[9] and board members from large publicly traded corporations, including IBM, Xerox, Royal Dutch Shell, Nokia and Daimler.[16] Heads of state, including former King Juan Carlos I of Spain and former Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, have attended meetings.[10][11] A source connected to the group told The Daily Telegraph in 2013 that other individuals, whose names are not publicly issued, sometimes turn up "just for the day" at the group's meetings.[12]

Meetings

{{Further|List of Bilderberg meetings}}

Activities and goals

The group's original goal of promoting Atlanticism, of strengthening U.S.–European relations and preventing another world war has grown; according to Andrew Kakabadse the Bilderberg Group's theme is to "bolster a consensus around free market Western capitalism and its interests around the globe".[4] In 2001, Denis Healey, a Bilderberg group founder and a steering committee member for 30 years, said, "To say we were striving for a one-world government is exaggerated, but not wholly unfair. Those of us in Bilderberg felt we couldn't go on forever fighting one another for nothing and killing people and rendering millions homeless. So we felt that a single community throughout the world would be a good thing."[13]

According to the web page of the group, the meetings are conducted under the Chatham House Rule, allowing the participants to use any information they gained during the meeting, but not to disclose the names of the speakers or any other participants. According to former chairman Étienne Davignon in 2011, a major attraction of Bilderberg group meetings is that they provide an opportunity for participants to speak and debate candidly and to find out what major figures really think, without the risk of off-the-cuff comments becoming fodder for controversy in the media.[14] A 2008 press release from the "American Friends of Bilderberg" stated that "Bilderberg's only activity is its annual Conference and that at the meetings, no resolutions were proposed, no votes taken, and no policy statements issued."[15] However, in November 2009, the group hosted a dinner meeting at the Château of Val-Duchesse in Brussels outside its annual conference to promote the candidacy of Herman Van Rompuy for President of the European Council.[16]

Organizational structure

Meetings are organized by a steering committee with two members from each of approximately 18 nations.[17] Official posts include a chairman and an Honorary Secretary General.[10] The group's rules do not contain a membership category but former participants receive the annual conference reports.[18] The only category that exists is "member of the steering committee."[19] Besides the committee, there is a separate advisory group with overlapping membership.[20]

Dutch economist Ernst van der Beugel became permanent secretary in 1960, upon Retinger's death. Prince Bernhard continued to serve as the meeting's chairman until 1976, the year of his involvement in the Lockheed affair. The position of Honorary American Secretary General has been held successively by Joseph E. Johnson of the Carnegie Endowment, William Bundy of Princeton, Theodore L. Eliot Jr., former U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan, and Casimir A. Yost of Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy.[21]

According to James A. Bill, the "steering committee usually met twice a year to plan programs and to discuss the participant list."[22]

In 2002, author Jon Ronson wrote that the group has a small central office in Holland [sic] which each year decides what country will host the forthcoming meeting. The host country then has to book an entire hotel for four days, plus arrange catering, transport and security. To fund this, the host solicits donations from sympathetic corporations such as Barclays, Fiat Automobiles, GlaxoSmithKline, Heinz, Nokia and Xerox.[23]

Chairmen of the Steering Committee

Chairmen of the Steering
Committee of the Bilderberg Meetings		Tenure as ChairmanCountryOffice(s)
Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
(1911–2004)		 ({{Age in years and days>1954|05|29|1976|09|29}})
[24]		 {{NED}} Prince consort of the Netherlands
(1948–1980)
Inspector general of the Armed forces of the Netherlands
(1970–1976)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
(1953–1970)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Navy
(1946–1970)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Army
(1945–1970)
Commander-in-chief of the Armed forces of the Netherlands
(1944–1945)
Alec Douglas-Home,
Baron Home of the Hirsel
(1903–1995)		 ({{Age in years and days>1977|04|22|1980|04|20}})
[24]		 {{UK}} Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(1963–1964)
Leader of the Conservative Party
(1963–1965)
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
(1960–1963, 1970–1974)
Lord President of the Council
(1957, 1959–1960)
Leader of the House of Lords
(1957–1960)
Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
(1955–1960)
Member of the House of Lords
(1951–1963, 1974–1995)
Member of Parliament
(1931–1945, 1950–1951, 1963–1974)
Walter Scheel
(1919–2016)		 ({{Age in years and days>1981|05|15|1985|05|12}})
[25][26]		 {{GER}} President of Germany
(1974–1979)
(Acting) Chancellor of Germany
(1974)
Vice-Chancellor
(1969–1974)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
(1969–1974)
Leader of the Free Democratic Party
(1968–1974)
Minister of Economic Cooperation
(1961–1969)
Member of the European Parliament
(1956–1961)
Member of the Bundestag
(1953–1974)
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden
(1907–2005)		 ({{Age in years and days>1986|04|25|1989|05|14}})
[27]		 {{UK}} Member of the House of Lords
(1977–2005)
Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington
(1919–2018)		 ({{Age in years and days>1990|05|11|1998|05|17}})
[7][28]		 {{UK}} Secretary General of NATO
(1984–1988)
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
(1979–1982)
Secretary of State for Energy
(1974)
Chairman of the Conservative Party
(1972–1974)
Secretary of State for Defence
(1970–1974)
Leader of the House of Lords
(1963–1964)
Minister without portfolio
(1963–1964)
First Lord of the Admiralty
(1959–1963)
High Commissioner to Australia
(1956–1959)
Member of the House of Lords
(1941–2018)
Étienne Davignon, Viscount Davignon
(born 1932)		 ({{Age in years and days>1999|06|03|2011|06|12}})
[17][29][30]		 {{BEL}} European Commissioner for Industrial Affairs and Energy
(1981–1985)
European Commissioner for Internal Market,
Customs Union and Industrial Affairs
(1977–1981)
Henri de Castries, 5th Count of Castries
(born 1954)		 ({{Age in years and days>2012|05|31}})
[31]		 {{FRA}} Chairman and CEO of AXA (2000–2016)

Criticisms and conspiracy theories

Partly because of its working methods to ensure strict privacy, the Bilderberg Group has been criticised for its lack of transparency and accountability.[32] The undisclosed nature of the proceedings has given rise to several conspiracy theories.[33][14][34] This outlook has been popular on both extremes of the political spectrum, even if they disagree about the exact nature of the group's intentions. Some on the left accuse the Bilderberg group of conspiring to impose capitalist domination,[35] while some on the right have accused the group of conspiring to impose a world government and planned economy.[36]

In 2005, Davignon discussed accusations of the group striving for a one-world government with the BBC: "It is unavoidable and it doesn't matter. There will always be people who believe in conspiracies but things happen in a much more incoherent fashion. ... When people say this is a secret government of the world I say that if we were a secret government of the world we should be bloody ashamed of ourselves."[34]

One of the most concise academic papers critical of Bilderberg's 'Deep State' role in influencing geopolitical events out of the public spotlight was written in 1996 by Prof. Mike Peters of Leeds Metropolitan University and published in Lobster. Entitled "The Bilderberg Group and the Project for European Unification", Peters expresses incredulity that so few academics have examined the Bilderberg Group's international financial and political lobbying clout but closely examines links between the post-war effort for a united Europe and specific individuals connected with the Bilderberg Group.

To anticipate what will be said later, I believe that one of the key assumptions often made by structural Marxists, namely that the capitalist class is always divided into competing fractions which have no mechanisms for co-ordination other than the state, is not empirically sustainable. Part of this misconception, it could be said, derives from an over-literal understanding of the concept of the 'market' as constituting the only social relation amongst different fractions of capital. At least as far as the very large, and above all, the international (or as we would say in today's jargon, the 'global') corporations are concerned, this is definitely not the case: very sophisticated organs do exist whereby these capitalist interests can and do hammer out common lines of strategy. Bilderberg is one of these mechanisms.[37]

In a 1994 report Right Woos Left, published by the Political Research Associates, investigative journalist Chip Berlet argued that right-wing populist conspiracy theories about the Bilderberg group date back as early as 1964 and can be found in Phyllis Schlafly's self-published book A Choice, Not an Echo,[38] which promoted a conspiracy theory in which the Republican Party was secretly controlled by elitist intellectuals dominated by members of the Bilderberg group, whose internationalist policies would pave the way for world communism.[39]

In August 2010, former Cuban president Fidel Castro wrote a controversial article for the Cuban Communist Party newspaper Granma in which he cited Daniel Estulin's 2006 book The Secrets of the Bilderberg Club,[40] which, as quoted by Castro, describes "sinister cliques and the Bilderberg lobbyists" manipulating the public "to install a world government that knows no borders and is not accountable to anyone but its own self."[35]

Proponents of Bilderberg conspiracy theories in the United States include individuals and groups such as the John Birch Society,[36][41] political activist Phyllis Schlafly,[41] writer Jim Tucker,[42] political activist Lyndon LaRouche,[43] conspiracy theorist Alex Jones,[4][44][45] and politician Jesse Ventura, who made the Bilderberg group a topic of a 2009 episode of his TruTV series Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.[46] Non-American proponents include Lithuanian writer Daniel Estulin.[47]

Concerns about lobbying have arisen.[48][49] Ian Richardson sees Bilderberg as the transnational power elite, "an integral, and to some extent critical, part of the existing system of global governance", that is "not acting in the interests of the whole".[50] An article in The Guardian in June 2017 criticized the world view expressed in an agenda published by the Bilderberg group.[51]

See also

  • List of Bilderberg participants
  • Trilateral Commission
  • Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)
  • Council on Foreign Relations
  • World Economic Forum
  • Bohemian Club
  • Le Cercle
  • Valdai Discussion Club

References

1. ^{{cite news|work = Daily Yomiuri|date = 8 December 1991|title = Japan–US Relations – Past, Present and Future|quote = Rockefeller: The idea (of creating the Trilateral Commission) was incorporated in a speech that I made in the spring of 1972 for the benefit of some industrial forums that the Chase held in different cities around Europe, … Then Zbig (Zbig Brzezinski) and I both attended a meeting of the Bilderberg Group … and was shot down in flames. There was very little enthusiasm for the idea. I think they felt that they had a very congenial group, and they didn't want to have it interfered with by another element that would—I don't know what they thought, but in any case, they were not in favor.}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://bilderbergmeetings.org/index.html |title=ABOUT BILDERBERG MEETINGS |website=BILDERBERG MEETINGS the Official Website|access-date=Jul 12, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://bilderbergmeetings.org/index.html |title=ABOUT BILDERBERG MEETINGS |website=BILDERBERG MEETINGS the Official Website|access-date=Jul 12, 2018}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |publisher=BBC News |title=Bilderberg mystery: Why do people believe in cabals? |date=7 June 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13682082 |accessdate =14 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610015521/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13682082 |archivedate=10 June 2011 |deadurl=no}}
5. ^1 {{cite book |first=Alden |last=Hatch |year=1962 |title=HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An authorized biography |chapter=The Hôtel de Bilderberg |publisher=Harrap |location=London |oclc=2359663 |quote=The idea was to get two people from each country who would give the conservative and liberal slant}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Organizing Atlanticism: the Bilderberg Group and the Atlantic Institute 1952–63 |author=Aubourg, Valerie |date=June 2003 |journal=Intelligence & National Security |pages=92–105 |volume=18 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/02684520412331306760}}
7. ^1 {{cite book |last=Rockefeller |first=David |authorlink=David Rockefeller |title=Memoirs |publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=2002 |page=412 |isbn=978-0679405887}}
8. ^{{cite book |first=Alden |last=Hatch |year=1962 |title=HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An authorized biography |chapter=The Hôtel de Bilderberg |publisher=Harrap |location=London |oclc=2359663 |quote=anybody who has ever been to a Bilderberg Conference should be able to feel that he can, in a private capacity, call on any former member he has met}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=An exclusive club, perhaps without power, but certainly with influence: The Bilderberg group |author=Moorehead, Caroline |work=The Times |location =London |date=18 April 1977}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite press release |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430211149/http://www.prnewswire.de/cgi/release?id=42594 |archivedate=30 April 2011 |url=http://www.prnewswire.de/cgi/release?id=42594 |title=Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles |date=13 June 1997 |publisher=PR Newswire}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=The Bilderberg group |author=Oliver, Mark |date=4 June 2004 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/04/netnotes.markoliver |location=London}}
12. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10102168/Bilderberg-Group-No-conspiracy-just-the-most-influential-group-in-the-world.html "Bilderberg Group? No conspiracy, just the most influential group in the world"]. The Daily Telegraph (London). 6 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
13. ^{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Ronson |title=Who pulls the strings? (part 3) |date=10 March 2001 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/mar/10/extract1 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=14 May 2009 |location=London}}
14. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/17928993 |title=A special report on global leaders |pages=12–14 |date=22 January 2011 |work=The Economist}}
15. ^{{cite web| year = 2008| title = Bilderberg Announces 2008 Conference| work = businesswire.com| publisher = BusinessWire| url = http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20080605006246&newsLang=en| accessdate =7 June 2008}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=EU Presidency candidate Herman Van Rompuy calls for new taxes |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/6582837/EU-Presidency-candidate-Herman-Van-Rompuy-calls-for-new-taxes.html |date=16 November 2009 |quote=during a secret dinner to promote his candidacy hosted by the elite Bilderberg Group |author=Waterfield, Bruno |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph}}
17. ^1 {{cite news |title=Inside the secretive Bilderberg Group |date=29 September 2005 |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4290944.stm |accessdate=5 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229025714/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4290944.stm |archivedate=29 December 2008 |deadurl=no}}
18. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20000302093537/http://www.schnews.org.uk/bilderberg/introduction.html Introduction p. 3] in Bilderberg meetings, Schnews, 1999
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=P-2003-1370&language=EN |title=Parliamentary questions: Answer given by Mr Prodi on behalf of the Commission |date=15 May 2003 |publisher=European Parliament}}
20. ^Entry for Conrad Black, {{cite book |title=The International Who's Who |year=2000 |publisher=Europa Publications}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dod.gov/pubs/foi/reading_room/824.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519182704/http://www.dod.gov/pubs/foi/reading_room/824.pdf |archivedate=19 May 2006 |title=Bilderberg: List of Invitees |date=31 January 1996 |publisher=United States Department of Defense |accessdate=6 June 2009}}
22. ^{{cite book|last1=Bill|first1=James A.|title=George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy|date=August 1998|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0300076462|page=53}}
23. ^{{cite book |last= Ronson |first= Jon| date=2015 |orig-year=First published 2002|title= Them: Adventures with Extremists |location=London |publisher= Picador Classic |pages= 271–72 |isbn=978-1447275466 |author-link=Jon Ronson}}
24. ^1 {{cite news|publisher=Facts on File World News Digest|date=14 May 1977 |title=Twenty-fifth Bilderberg meeting held in St joseph MO}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1981|url=http://fr.scribd.com/doc/172648498/Bilderberg-Meetings-Conference-Report-1981}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1985|url=http://fr.scribd.com/doc/172649225/Bilderberg-Meetings-Conference-Report-1985}}
27. ^{{cite book |title=Who's Who |year=1999|title-link=Who's Who (UK)}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1990|url=http://fr.scribd.com/doc/172343239/Bilderberg-Meetings-Conference-Report-1990}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Booklet of the 1999 annual conference|url=http://www.schnews.org.uk/bilderberg/introduction.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302093537/http://www.schnews.org.uk/bilderberg/introduction.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2000-03-02|website=Schnews}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Final List of Participants of the 2011 Bilderberg annual conference |url=http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2011.html |website=Official website |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828210925/http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2011.html |archivedate=28 August 2011 |df=dmy }}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Final List of Participants of the 2012 Bilderberg annual conference|url=http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants2012.html|publisher=Bilderberg Meetings|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726214724/http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants2012.html|archivedate=26 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/11/bilderberg-davidcameron |title=Bilderberg 2013: The sun sets on Watford |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2013 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |location=London |first1=Michael |last1=Meacher |first2=Charlie |last2=Skelton}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/is-bilderberg-a-conference-on-world-affairs-or-a-powerful-global-cabal-depends-on-who-you-ask/2012/06/01/gJQA5uqx7U_story.html|title=Is Bilderberg a conference on world affairs or a powerful global cabal? Depends on who you ask.|author=Gowen, Annie|date=2 June 2012|work=The Washington Post}}
34. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4290944.stm |title=Inside the secretive Bilderberg Group |author=Bill Hayton |publisher=BBC News |date=29 September 2005 |accessdate=19 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208095916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4290944.stm |archivedate=8 February 2011|deadurl=no}}
35. ^1 {{cite news |author=Weissert, Will |title=Fidel Castro fascinated by Bilderberg Club conspiracy theory |date=10 August 2010 |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |location=Boston |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0820/Fidel-Castro-fascinated-by-Bilderberg-Club-conspiracy-theory |accessdate=16 October 2010}}
36. ^1 {{cite book|author=Wallechinsky, David |author-link1=David Wallechinsky |author2=Wallace, Irving |author-link2=Irving Wallace |title=The People's Almanac |publisher=Doubleday |year=1975 |isbn=978-0385040600 |at=cited paragraphs|title-link=The People's Almanac }}
37. ^Mike Peters, criticising Marxist academics' fundamental errors in studying capitalist power in 1996  
38. ^Phyllis Schlafly, A Choice Not an Echo: The Inside Story of How American Presidents Are Chosen (Pere Marquette Press, 1964) {{ISBN|0686114868}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.publiceye.org/rightwoo/rwooz9-03.html |title=The New Right & the Secular Humanism Conspiracy Theory|author=Chip Berlet |year=1994}}
40. ^Daniel Estulin, Los secretos del club Bilderberg (Ediciones del Bronce, 2006).
41. ^1 {{cite journal|author=Berlet, Chip |title=John Birch Society |year=2000 |url=http://www.publiceye.org/tooclose/jbs.html |accessdate=6 October 2010 |authorlink=Chip Berlet}}
42. ^{{Cite news|author=Iain Hollingshead |title=The Bilderberg Group: fact and fantasy |date=4 June 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7804197/The-Bilderberg-Group-fact-and-fantasy.html |accessdate=20 June 2011 |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph}}
43. ^{{cite news |first=Dennis |last=King |title=NCLC'S Private Intelligence Agency |year=1979 |url=http://lyndonlarouchewatch.org/ourtown3.htm |work=Our Town |accessdate=14 May 2009 |location=New York}}
44. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10108702/Idiot-Bilderberg-conspiracy-theorist-disrupts-BBC-politics-show.html |title={{-'}}Idiot' Bilderberg conspiracy theorist disrupts BBC politics show |author=Dixon, Hayley|date=9 June 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}
45. ^{{cite web |title=Conspiracy Theorist Alex Jones Goes Berserk During BBC Show |author=Taylor, Adam |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/alex-jones-goes-beserk-during-bbc-show-2013-6 |newspaper=Business Insider |date=9 June 2013 |accessdate=9 June 2013}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/shows/conspiracy_theory/episodes/season1.html |title=List of Season 1 episodes for Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura |publisher=truTV |date=30 December 2009 |accessdate=11 January 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008183742/http://www.trutv.com/shows/conspiracy_theory/episodes/season1.html |archivedate=8 October 2010 }}
47. ^{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/edcetera/2009571170_that_bilderberg_book.html |title=That Bilderberg Book |author=Bruce Ramsey |date=30 July 2009 |accessdate=23 January 2011 |newspaper=The Seattle Times}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1100183/bilderberg-conference-watford-too-secret |title=Bilderberg Conference Watford 'Too Secret' |publisher=Sky News |date=6 June 2013 |accessdate=11 June 2013}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/2013/06/my-brush-bilderberg |title=My brush with Bilderberg |work=New Statesman |date=10 June 2013 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615031248/http://www.newstatesman.com/2013/06/my-brush-bilderberg |archivedate=15 June 2013 }}
50. ^{{cite news|author1=Ian Richardson|title=Chantilly Laced: Holding Bilderberg and the Transnational Policy Elite to Account|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ian-richardson/chantilly-laced-holding-b_b_1558425.html|accessdate=21 September 2015|work=Huffington Post|date=31 May 2012}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/02/bilderberg-secretive-conference-eric-schmidt|title=Bilderberg: the world’s most secretive conference is as out of touch as ever|last=Skelton|first=Charlie|date=2 June 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=18 April 2018}}

Further reading

{{refbegin|30em}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Ronson
| first = Jon
| authorlink = Jon Ronson
| year = 2001
| title = Them: Adventures with Extremists
| publisher = Picador
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0330375467
| title-link = Them: Adventures with Extremists
  • {{cite book

| last = Eringer
| first = Robert
| year = 1980
| title = The Global Manipulators
| publisher = Pentacle Books
| location = Bristol, England
| oclc = 26551991
  • {{cite book

| last = Estulin
| first = Daniel
| authorlink = Daniel Estulin
| year = 2007
| title = The True Story of the Bilderberg Group
| publisher = Trine Day
| location = Oregon, United States of America
| isbn = 978-0977795345
  • {{cite book

| last = Hodapp
| first = Christopher
| authorlink = Christopher Hodapp
|author2=Alice Von Kannon
| title = Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies
| publisher = Wiley
| location = Hoboken, NJ
| year = 2008
| isbn = 978-0470184080
  • {{cite book

| last = Richardson
| first = Ian N.
|author2=Andrew P. Kakabadse |author3=Nada K. Kakabadse
| title = Bilderberg People: Elite power and consensus in world affairs
| publisher = Routledge
| location = Hoboken, NJ
| year = 2011
| isbn = 978-0415576352
  • {{cite book

| last = Klimczuk
| first = Stephen
|author2=Gerald Warner
| title = Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sites, Symbols and Societies
| publisher = Sterling
| year = 2010
| isbn = 978-1402762079
| title-link = Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries
  • {{cite book|last1=Retinger|first1=J.H|title=The bilderberg group|date=August 1956|url=http://fr.scribd.com/doc/169401263/Bilderberg-Group-Essay-1956-by-Retinger}} – A short essay on the origins of the group
{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Bilderberg Group}}{{refbegin|30em}}
  • Official website of the Bilderberg conference (since 2010)
  • Bilderberg Group Steering-Committee
  • Bilderberg: The Ultimate Conspiracy Theory
  • Ex-BBC journalist Tony Gosling: published history on Josef Retinger, Prince Bernhard and Bilderberg group origins
  • What you don’t know about the Bilderberg Group by Thierry Meyssan
  • {{cite news

| title = Elite power brokers meet in secret
| date = 15 May 2003
|publisher=BBC News
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3031717.stm}}
  • [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/charlie-skelton Charlie Skelton's Bilderblog] The Guardian
  • [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-22843943 Ken Clarke: Bilderberg conspiracy claims are nonsense] BBC
  • [https://wikileaks.org/wiki/Category:Bilderberg_Group Bilderberg meeting reports] from WikiLeaks
{{refend}}{{Bilderberg Group}}{{Authority control}}

5 : Bilderberg Group|1954 establishments in the Netherlands|Organizations established in 1954|Secret societies|Transnationalism
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