请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 USRC Surveyor
释义

  1. Construction

  2. War of 1812

     Early war  "The gallant and desperate" defense of Surveyor  Later history 

  3. Legacy

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=File:The Gallant Defense of Cutter Surveyor.jpgShip image size=Ship caption=Painting The Gallant Defense of Cutter Surveyor
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Ship flag= United StatesShip name= USRC SurveyorShip namesake=Ship owner=Ship operator= United States Revenue MarineShip registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Ship original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=1807Ship launched=Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Baltimore, Maryland, United StatesShip identification=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=1813Ship fate=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Ship country=United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name=UnknownShip namesake=Ship ordered=Ship operator= Royal NavyShip builder=Ship yard number=Ship fate=UnknownShip laid down=Ship launched=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=Ship decommissioned=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=Ship tonnage=Ship displacement=Ship tons burthen=68|ft|m|abbr=on}}19|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=Ship draught=Ship draft=Ship depth=Ship hold depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship power=Ship propulsion=Ship sail plan=Ship speed=Ship range=Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship troops=Ship complement=25 personnelShip crew=Ship time to activate=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=Ship armour=Ship armor=Ship aircraft=Ship aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

USRC Surveyor was a ship of the United States Revenue Marine captured by the United Kingdom during the War of 1812. Despite the vessel's loss, the "gallant and desperate" defense of her crew against a superior force of the Royal Navy and the Corps of Royal Marines is commemorated by the United States Coast Guard. Along with the Royal Navy frigate which bested her in battle, HMS Narcissus, Surveyor is among six legendary ships memorialized in the lyrics of the Coast Guard march "Semper Paratus".

Construction

USRC Surveyor was laid down in 1807 and commissioned the same year.[1] Her home port was Baltimore, Maryland.[1] The ship measured {{convert|68|feet|adj=off}} on deck, had a {{convert|19|foot|adj=off}} beam, and carried a normal complement of 25. She was armed with six-pound cannon.[1]

War of 1812

Early war

By the War of 1812, Surveyor had become – according to one period account – "an old vessel hardly worth repairing". Still, under the command of Captain Samuel Travis, on 1 July 1812 she engaged and captured a British brig off the coast of Jamaica.{{efn|In 1775, during the American Revolution, the kitchen chimney on Travis' family home in Jamestown, Virginia, was destroyed during a Royal Navy shelling.[1]}}[2]

"The gallant and desperate" defense of Surveyor

The following year, on the evening of 1 June 1813 and while anchored in Chesapeake Bay, Surveyor was attacked by a Royal Navy boarding party of approximately 65 sailors and marines operating from the frigate HMS Narcissus which had entered the bay under cover of darkness.[3][1] Closing on Surveyor in small boats with muffled oars to conceal their approach, British forces navigated away from the cutter's six-pound deck guns and boarded the ship.[3] A fierce effort by Surveyor's crew to repel Royal Navy and Royal Marine boarders followed, described by British Lt John Crerie as one in which "her deck was disputed inch-by-inch" in a "gallant and desperate" defense.[3] During the engagement, Royal Marine Captain Thomas Ford was mortally wounded by Travis in a cutlass duel. Nonetheless, outnumbered more than two-to-one, Travis ultimately ordered the ship's surrender.[3] In tribute to the ferocity of Surveyors resistance, Travis' sword was returned to him by Crerie and he was paroled at Washington, North Carolina on August 7, 1813, with the remainder of the crew transferred to a British prison camp in Halifax, Nova Scotia.[3][4]

Later history

Following her capture, Surveyor was re-flagged for Royal Navy use, but was no longer in service by 1814.[5] Her ultimate fate is unknown.[3]

Legacy

In 2012, in conjunction with bicentennial anniversary events commemorating the War of 1812, the United States Coast Guard commissioned the oil on canvas painting The Gallant Defense of Cutter Surveyor from Patrick O'Brien. It depicts Surveyor with her boarding net raised and her crew armed at the rails as four Royal Navy small boats converge on the ship.[6] On June 15, 2014, the defense and capture of the Surveyor was reenacted at the Watermen's Museum in Yorktown, Virginia.[7] Both Surveyor and Narcissus are among the six legendary ships from the Coast Guard's history mentioned in the second verse of its march "Semper Paratus", the others being USRC Eagle, USRC Hudson, USCGC Tampa, and HMS Dispatch.[8]

See also

  • Defense of the Cutter Eagle – another battle between HMS Narcissus and a U.S. Revenue Marine ship
  • NOAAS Surveyor – another uniformed services of the United States ship named Surveyor
  • USC&GS Surveyor – another uniformed services of the United States ship named Surveyor

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite news |last1=St. John Erikson |first1=Mark |title=A storied battle erupted on the York River on this day 205 years ago |url=https://www.dailypress.com/features/family/dp-nws-war-of-1812-york-river-20130612-story.html |accessdate=February 28, 2019 |work=Daily Press |date=June 12, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=David |title=United States Revenue and Coast Guard Cutters in Naval Warfare, 1790–1918 |date=2018 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=1476630755 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ydBHDwAAQBAJ}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |last1=Thiessen |first1=William |title=United States Coast Guard and the War of 1812 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1024313.pdf |website=dtic.mil |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard |accessdate=February 28, 2019}}
4. ^{{cite news |last1=Nye |first1=David |title=That time the Coast Guard captured 18 ships, and 8 more surprising stories from its history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/incredible-stories-from-coast-guard-history-2015-7 |accessdate=February 28, 2019 |work=Business Insider |date=July 1, 2015}}
5. ^J. J. Colledge and Ben Warlow (2010). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present, p. 390. Casemate.
6. ^{{cite news |last1=Hamilton |first1=Sherry |title=Mathews resident heads up War of 1812 commemoration |url=http://www.gazettejournal.net/index.php/news/news_article/mathews_resident_heads_up_war_of_1812_commemoration |accessdate=February 28, 2019 |work=Gazette-Journal |date=May 2, 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=War of 1812 on the Chesapeake Bay |url=https://watermens.org/education-programs/semper-paratus-the-battle-of-the-usrc-surveyor-in-1813/ |website=watermens.org |publisher=The Watermen's Museum |accessdate=February 28, 2019}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=Semper Paratus ("Always Ready") |url=https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/songs/patriotic/semper-paratus/index.htm |website=nih.gov |publisher=National Institutes of Health |accessdate=February 28, 2019}}

External links

  • [https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1085428/surveyor-noah-payne USRC Surveyor (painting by Noah Payne)]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surveyor}}

1 : Ships of the United States Revenue Cutter Service
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/29 13:27:09