| 词条 | Whyte's double-collared sunbird |
| 释义 |
| image = | status = | genus = Cinnyris | species = whytei | authority = (Benson, 1948) | synonyms = Cinnyris ludovicensis whytei }} Whyte's double-collared sunbird (Cinnyris whytei) is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family. It was considered a subspecies of Ludwig's double-collared sunbird. It is found in Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Taxonomy{{cladogram|align=left|caption=Relationships between the African Cinnyris based on Bowie et al. (2016) |cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |1=C. reichenowi |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=C. whytei whytei |2=C. whytei skye |2=C. stuhlmanni |label2= |2={{clade |1=C. afer |2=C. manoensis }} }} }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=C. chalybeus |label2= |2={{clade |1=C. regius |label2= |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=C. fuellerborni |label2= |2={{clade |1=C. moreaui |2=C. loveridgei }} }} |label2= |2={{clade |1=C. mediocris |2=C. usambaricus }} }} }} }} |2=C. ludovicensis }} }} }} }} In 1948 C.W. Benson described the subspecies C. afer whytei collected in the highlands of Nyassaland (Malawi). He named it after Mr Alexander Whyte who collected the first two specimens of the species in 1896.[1] After reorganizations of this confusing[2] complex of species[3] it was later placed as a subspecies of Cinnyris ludovicensis and still later treated as a full species. In the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania a new subspecies (C. w. skye) was observed in 2000. Thereafter extensive research followed including molecular phylogenetic studies on the complex of African double collared sunbird taxa. The sunbirds found in the highlands of Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania appeared to constitute a clade which strongly differed from Ludwig's double-collared sunbird, C. ludovicensis. Therefore C. whytei has been split from C. ludovicensis.[4] There are two subspecies:[5]
References1. ^{{cite journal|author=Benson, C W|year= 1948|title= A New Race of Sun bird from Nyasaland|journal= Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume= 69|pages=19–20|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40588171#page/45/mode/1up}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q39046194}}{{DEFAULTSORT:sunbird, double-collared, Whyte's}}{{Nectariniidae-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1959.tb02389.x|title=Old and New Lines in Taxonomy|journal=Ibis|volume=101|issue=3–4|pages=330|year=2008|last1=MacDonald|first1=J. D}} 3. ^{{cite journal|pages= 35–36| volume=74| year=1954|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40591667 | title=The identity of Cinnyris afer whytei Benson|author=Paterson, Mary}} 4. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.3|pmid = 27811770|title = A new member of the greater double-collared sunbird complex (Passeriformes: Nectariniidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Africa|journal = Zootaxa|volume = 4175|issue = 1|pages = 23–42|year = 2016|last1 = Bowie|first1 = Rauri C. K|last2 = Fjeldså|first2 = Jon|last3 = Kiure|first3 = Jacob|last4 = Kristensen|first4 = Jan Bolding|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rauri_Bowie/publication/309024924_A_new_member_of_the_greater_double-collared_sunbird_complex_Passeriformes_Nectariniidae_from_the_Eastern_Arc_Mountains_of_Africa/links/58216ed908ae40da2cb76be1.pdf }} 5. ^{{cite web|editor1=Gill, F |editor2=Donsker, D|year=2017|title= IOC World Bird List (v 7.3)|doi= 10.14344/IOC.ML.7.3 |url= http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/|accessdate=12 October 2017}} 2 : Cinnyris|Birds described in 1948 |
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