| 词条 | Wushi oil field |
| 释义 |
The region has been the site of new oil and gas related explorations prospect since 2016 though discoveries and surveys have been carried out in the region since 2005 in blocks 17/08 and 16/05.[3] {{Infobox oil field| name = Wushi oil field | country = China | region = South China Sea | location = Guangdong | block = | offonshore = offshore | location_map = China | location_map_width = | location_map_text = | coordinates = {{coord|21.11|111.38|region:CN-44|display=inline,title}}| coordinates_ref = | operator = COOEC | operators = | partners = CNOOC,[3] Zhanjiang municipality,[4] Newfield Exploration,[5] BP | image = | caption = | discovery = 2005 | start_development = 2016 | start_production = | peak_year = | abandonment = | oil_production_bbl/d = | oil_production_tpy = | production_year_oil = | production_gas_mmcuft/d = | production_gas_mmscm/d = | production_gas_bcm/y = | production_year_gas = | est_oil_bbl = | est_oil_t = | est_gas_bft = | est_gas_bcm = | formations = }} History and developmentSince early 2000, exploration for oil had been well underway in the Tarim basin region where the Wushi sag and Wensu uplift are located. Research by the Petro China institute for oil exploration had found that the compression anticlines that had formed during the late Himalayan tectonic movement had made the Wushi sag a favorable site for petroleum accumulation.[6] In 2010, CNOOC started to auction oil blocks in the Wushi basin to national as well as international companies when a total of thirteen oil blocks were auctioned for joint development. Block 23/07 lying in the Wushi Sag and partly on Qixi Massif of Beibuwan Basin was auctioned in 2010 to foreign companies who wanted to develop it jointly with CNOOC. This was the first batch of open blocks in China being auctioned to foreign companies.[7] In 2011, Block 23/08 lying in the western part of the Wushi sag in a depth of 15 to 30m and covering an area of 1,210 square kilometers was auctioned. By then, Two wells had already been drilled in this block.[8] As further exploration was undertaken in the region, the first commercial discovery of Wushi 17-2 was made in Wushi Sag in the Western part of South China Sea.[9] In 2014, CNOOC made a further appraisal of Wushi 17-2 which was declared "mid-sized oil and gas structure".[10] In 2016, CNOOC and the Zhanjiang government allocated 63 billion yuan ($9.2 billion) for projects around Zhanjiang during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–20). This includes the Wushi 17-2 oil field in Wushi Sag, Wushi oil field. The Wushi oil field project is the first oilfield under Zhanjiang's administration and also Guangdong's first offshore oil and gas field in shallow waters.[11] Phase 1 of the technical proposal passed review in February 2016 and the environmental impact assessment received the national government's approval in 2017. Zhanjiang city and Wushi oil field are expected to be part of China's Belt and Road Initiative and is expected to provide clean energy to the residents of Guangdong. Though traditionally, oil companies assign code names to offshore prospects early in the exploration effort to help ensure secrecy, Wushi oil field was named by the holding companies CNOOC and COOEC in relation to its location as well as a reference to Chinese culture and aspirations.[12][13][14] Oil wells in Wushi oil fieldBlock 23/07Location: Wushi Sag and partly on Qixi Massif of Beibuwan Basin Depth of water: 18m to 40m Area: 1649 km2. Seismic data: 5012 km of 2D seismic data Number of wells drilled so far: Two.[7] Block 23/08Location: western Wushi Sag Description: covering a part of Qixi Massif of Beibuwan Basin Depth of water: 15m to 30m Area: 1,212 km km2. Seismic data: 4,190 km of 2D and 118km2 of 3D seismic data Co-ordinates: 109°11′E 20°40′ N / 109°24′E 20°40′N / 109°24′E 20°20′N / 109°04′N 20°20′N / 109°04′E 20°35′N / 109°11′E 20°35′N Number of wells drilled so far: Two.[8] Block 23/10Developed by CNOOC in co-operation with UK based Cairn Energy under a Production Sharing Contract. the 2,945 km2 region of Block 23/10 lies in the shallow waters of the Wushi Sag area in the eastern Beibu Gulf. The contract is a standard seven-year, three-phase contract consisting of a work program of 2,000 km of seismic acquisition and one wildcat required in the first phase. Seismic recording commenced in 1996, and was followed by drilling in the region in 1997. The Eocene Liushagang Formation provides the source and reservoir in the area. This tract contains the WU 16-1 discovery that was drilled by the French company Total in the early 1980s, but which was not developed at that time, since it was considered sub-commercial.[15] LocationThe oil field is located in the South China sea, 100 miles from Zhanjiang, a provincial level city in the Southern part of Guangdong province, South China, Close to Nansha,Hainan. China state owned oil exploration company COOEC is the operator of the oil field and principal developer of the oil field with large scale support from the state owned parent company CNOOC.[16]{{rp|151}} This is the first oil field off China which will be developed along with the local municipality (in this case, the municipal government of Zhanjiang). Zhanjiang city also has one of the largest oil and gas fabrication shipyards of CNOOC Engineering in China and this is expected to support the requirements of the Wushi oil field.[17] Geological targetDue for commencing operations in 2017-2018, the oil field is expected to have an initial output of 1 mtpa according to the Zhanjiang municipality and Zhanjiang offshore petroleum taxation bureau. Its reserves are expected to last for twenty years after production commences.[4] Exploration, Oil blocks and entitiesThe Wushi oil field consists of a number of oil blocks, ranging in area from a few square kilometres up to a few thousand square kilometres. Each block itself consists of a number of oil wells, developed by the entities operating each block. See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Xiating|first1=Cao|title=Offshore oil development to benefit Zhanjiang's economy|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/guangdong/zhanjiang/2015-03/12/content_19793078.htm|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=China Daily - Zhanjiang news|date=12 March 2015}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=CNOOC set to break new ground at Wushi oilfield|url=http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/1172037/cnooc-set-to-break-new-ground-at-wushi-oilfield|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=Upstream news}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|title=Annual report 2016 - CNOOC|date=1 January 2017|publisher=CNOOC|location=Beijing, China|url=http://www.cnooc.com.cn/attach/0/1706141400351842136.pdf|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|title=CNOOC and Zhanjiang to develop Wushi oilfield|url=http://interfaxenergy.com/gasdaily/article/19556/cnooc-and-zhanjiang-to-develop-wushi-oilfield|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=Interfax global energy|date=11 March 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Form 10K - Newfield exploration|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/912750/000091275017000003/nfx201610-k.htm|website=www.sec.gov|publisher=SEC - Securities and exchange commission, USA|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=L|first1=Xiu-xiang|last2=Zhi-jun|first2=JIN|last3=Xin-yuan|first3=ZHOU|title=Oil and gas exploration prospect in Wushi sag and Wensu uplift of Tarim Basin|journal=Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science) 2006-01|date=2 February 2006|volume=01|issue=2006|url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYDX200601003.htm|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Notification of First Batch of Blocks in Offshore China Available for Foreign Cooperation in Year 2010|url=http://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2014/9/25/art_6241_1147991.html|website=www.cnooc.com.cn|publisher=CNOOC|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Notification of First Batch of Blocks in Offshore China Available for Foreign Cooperation in Year 2011|url=http://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2014/9/25/art_6241_1148001.html|website=www.cnooc.com.cn|publisher=CNOOC|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=CNOOC Limited Achieves Increase of 51.4% in Net Profit in H1 2011|url=http://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2011/8/24/art_6261_1136721.html|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=CNOOC - Press release|date=24 August 2011}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=CNOOC Limited Announces Key Operational Statistics of Q1|url=http://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2014/4/22/art_6261_1138261.html|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=CNOOC Press release|date=22 April 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Zhanjiang gov't, CNOOC combine efforts for Zhanjiang's first oilfield|url=http://en.zhanjiang.gov.cn/2017-04/26/content_29098046.htm|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=Zhanjiang News|date=26 April 2017}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last=Maass |first=Peter |date=2011-09-29 |title=What Happened at the Macondo Well? |journal=The New York Review of Books |volume=LVIII |issue=14 |pages=38–41 |accessdate=2011-09-22 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/09/29/what-happened-macondo-well/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001224432/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/09/29/what-happened-macondo-well/ |archive-date=2016-10-01 |dead-url=no |df= }} 13. ^{{cite news |first1=Ben |last1=Casselman |first2=Russell |last2=Gold |title=Unlikely Decisions Set Stage for BP Disaster |date=2010-05-27 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal; Dow Jones Newswires |url=http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=93841 |accessdate=2017-09-20}} 14. ^{{citation |title=Liuhua 11-1, South China Sea, China |work=Offshore-Technology |date=30 March 2008}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Tang|first1=Peter|title=Mixed Chinese activity in Beibu & East Sea|url=http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-56/issue-2/news/general-interest/asia-pacific.html|accessdate=21 September 2017|publisher=The Offshore Magazine|date=2 January 1996}} 16. ^{{citation |last1= Heubeck |first1= C. |first2=K. |last2=Story |first3=P. |last3=Peng |first4=C. |last4=Sullivan |first5= S. |last5=Duff |date=2004 |title=An integrated reservoir study of the Liuhua 11-1 field using a high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data set |journal=Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems: AAPG Memoir |volume=81 |pages= 149–168 |url=http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/geol/fachrichtungen/geologie/mitarbeiter_neu/Professoren/cheubeck/pub_pdfs/Heubeck_et_al_2004_AAPG_Mem_81_Liuhua.pdf |format=PDF |location=Houston, Texas}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Zhanjiang development|url=http://cnoocengineering.com/en/pic_3_e.aspx?column_id=10484|website=cnoocengineering.com|publisher=CNOOC Engineering|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 2 : Oil fields in China|BP oil and gas fields |
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