| 词条 | Xysticus cristatus |
| 释义 |
| image= Xysticus.cristatus.female.jpg | image_caption = Female | image2=2013.04.24.-17-Kirschgartshaeuser Schlaege Mannheim-Braune Krabbenspinne-Männchen.jpg | image2_caption = Male with prey | taxon = Xysticus cristatus | authority = (Clerck, 1757)[1] | synonyms={{Specieslist |Araneus cristatus|Clerck, 1757 |Aranea viatica|Linnaeus, 1758 |Aranea nasuta|Martini & Goeze, 1778 |Aranea fasciata|Fourcroy, 1785 |Aranea horticola|Olivier, 1789 |Aranea cristata|(Clerck, 1757) |Aranea liturata|Fabricius, 1793 |Aranea subreptans|Strack, 1810 |Thomisus viaticus|(Linnaeus, 1758) |Thomisus cristatus|(Clerck, 1757) |Xysticus viaticus|(Linnaeus, 1758) |Xysticus cristatus|(Clerck, 1757) |Xysticus augur|Strand, 1900 |Xysticus sexangulatus|Strand, 1900 | synonyms_ref=[1] }}Xysticus cristatus, the common crab spider,[1] is a European spider from the family Thomisidae.[2] DescriptionThe adult female reaches a length of 8mm and the smaller male 5mm.[1] The colour varies from light cream, dark brown to greyish[3] with a dark triangle on the carapace which ends in sharp, defined point. The abdomen has a broad middle band fringed by two darker rows of triangular marks[1] which extends back to about two thirds of the carapace length from the posterior row of eyes.[4] This cryptic colouration is used to blend in with its normal environment of dried leaves.[5] The common name crab spider arises because they sometimes move in a crab-like way, from side to side.[3] HabitatXysticus cristatus is usually found in low vegetation, often on the ground.[1] It is shade intolerant and avoids woodland and closed canopy habitats but it is otherwise found in almost every habitat type.[6]BiologyXysticus cristatus is an ambush hunter which spends much time sitting still, with its fore-legs spread wide, waiting for insects to blunder into them.[3] In grass it adopts a flexible hunting position either at the tips of vegetation, such as flowerheads, or on the ground surface and as a result, the prey taken is varied and is made up of flying insects, including bees and butterflies. When it hunts on the ground the food tends to consist of ants, spiders and other soft bodied prey. It often takes prey much larger than itself.[3] In Great Britain spiderlings balloon, most often between the months of July to September. Active adults have been recorded from February to December, with a peak of male activity in May and June.[6]To mate the male grasps one of the female's legs, holding on until she ceases to struggle, he then uses silk to tie her down on the ground and then he crawls underneath her and mates.[1] In Britain Xysticus cristatus has been observed as a prey item for the spider wasp Dipogon bifasciatus.[7] DistributionThe species has a Palearctic distribution,[2][8] being found throughout Europe, including Iceland.[9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | url = http://www.uksafari.com/commoncrab.htm | title = Common Crab Spiders | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = uksafari.com}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q900724}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url = http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/42357 | title = Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) | accessdate = 18 September 2016 | publisher = Natural History Museum Bern |work=World Spider Catalog}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url = http://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/xysticus-cristatus | title = Xysticus cristatus - Xysticus cristatus | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = naturespot.org.uk}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://danmarks-edderkopper.dk/species-description?taxon=Xysticus+cristatus | title = Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) (Common ground crab spider) | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = University of Copenhagen/Natural History Museum, Aarhus}} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.lightscapes.info/onewithnature/natures-garden/spiders/common-crab-spider-xysticus-cristatus/ | title = Common Crab Spider – Xysticus cristatus | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = Pete Hillman}} 6. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://srs.britishspiders.org.uk/portal.php/p/Summary/s/Xysticus+cristatus | title = Summary for Xysticus cristatus | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = British Arachnological Society}} 7. ^{{cite book | last1 = Edwards | first1 = R. | last2 = Broad | first2 = G. | year = 2005 | title = Provisional Atlas for the aculeate Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland | publisher = Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society | ISBN = 1 870393 78 3}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.gbif.org/species/2165052 | title = Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = GBIF.org}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.araneae.unibe.ch/data/480/Xysticus_cristatus | title = Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) | accessdate = 17 September 2016 | publisher = araneae Spiders of Europe}} 5 : Spiders of Europe|Crab spiders of Europe|Thomisidae|Palearctic spiders|Spiders described in 1757 |
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