| 词条 | Zapad 1999 exercise |
| 释义 |
Zapad-99 exercise ({{lang-ru|Запад-99|lit=West-99}}) was a large scale military exercise conducted in June 1999 and its results forced Russia to adapt a new defense concept (Russia's National Security Concept, 2000). The exercise showed that conventional Russian armed forces could not repel a NATO offensive, this in turn increased the tolerance for use of tactical nuclear weapons. Apart from nuclear controversy, Zapad-99 also sparked international tensions when US fighters intercepted Russian bombers allegedly in violation of Icelandic and Norwegian airspace. See also
ReferencesFurther readingKipp, 2001External links{{Commons category|Exercise Zapad}}
6 : 1999 in Russia|1999 in Belarus|Belarusian military exercises|Military exercises involving Russia|1999 in military history|Belarus–Russia relations |
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