| 词条 | Zaynab bint Madhun |
| 释义 |
Zainab bint Madh'uwn was the first wife of Umar. {{Islam}}BiographyShe was the daughter of Madh'uwn ibn Habeeb of the Jumah clan of the Quraysh in Makka She was dark-skinned, a trait that she passed on to her son Abdullah.[1]{{rp|252}} She married Umar before 605[2]{{rp|56}} and bore him three children: Hafsah, Abdullah and Abdul-Rahman. Later Umar added two more wives to his household: Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, who bore him two sons,[1]{{rp|203–204}} and Quraybah bint Abi Umayyah, a cousin from the powerful Makhzum clan, who was childless.[3]{{rp|510}} Umar said that Quraysh men at that time "had the upper hand over their wives," and "did not pay attention to women".[4] Zainab's attitude to Islam is unknown and the date of her eventual conversion is not recorded. Her brother Uthman was one of the earliest converts;[1]{{rp|308}}[3]{{rp|116}} and two other brothers, Abdullah and Qudamah, were also converted "before Allah's Messenger entered the house of al-Arqam."[1]{{rp|313}} Meanwhile, her husband Umar was hostile to Islam and he actively persecuted Muslim slaves.[3]{{rp|144, 154–155}} Umar became a Muslim in 616,[1]{{rp|205–207}}[3]{{rp|155–159}} but Umm Kulthum and Quraybah remained polytheists.[3]{{rp|510}} Umar emigrated to Madina Zainab's daughter Hafsah married Muhammad in 625.[2]{{rp|58}} Umar noted that the women of Madinah "had the upper hand over their men," and that the women of makkah who emigrated to Madinah started imitating their behaviour.[6] An altercation occurred when Umar had to make a decision, and his wife advised him. Umar shouted at her to mind her own business. The wife answered back, and he expressed displeasure. The wife responded: "How strange you are! You don't want to be argued with, whereas your daughter Hafsah argues with Allah's Messenger so much that he remains angry for a full day".[4][6] In 628 Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Quraybah because of a new instruction from Muhammad that a Muslim could not remain married to a polytheist.[3]{{rp|510}}[7] He did not divorce Zainab, so, if she was still alive, she must have become a Muslim. However, Zainab probably died before 641, as four other women are listed as Umar's wives by that date.[1]{{rp|204}}[2]{{rp|186–187}}[8][9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 2. ^1 2 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. ^1 Bukhari 6:60:435. 5. ^Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. Al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba, vol. 7 #11250. 6. ^1 Bukhari 7:62:119. 7. ^Bukhari 3:50:891. 8. ^Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Juynboll, G. H. A. (1989). Volume 13: The Conquest of Iraq, Southwestern Persia, and Egypt, pp. 109-110. Albany: State University of New York Press. 9. ^Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 5. Translated by Bewley, A. (2000). The Men of Madina Volume II, p. 1. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 3 : 6th-century births|7th-century deaths|Umar |
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