| 释义 |
- History and description Historical population
- Sons and daughters of the town
- Other personalities
- Mayors
- Literature
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{coord|51|37|N|12|19|E|region:DE_type:city|display=title}}Bitterfeld ({{IPA-de|ˈbɪtɐfɛlt}}) is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approximately 25 km south of Dessau, and 30 km northeast of Halle (Saale). At the end of 2016, it had 40,964 inhabitants.[1]History and descriptionBitterfeld was built by a colony of Flemish immigrants in 1153. It was captured by the landgrave of Meissen in 1476, and belonged thenceforth to Saxony, until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815.[2] By 1900, Bitterfeld station was an important junction of the Berlin–Halle and the Magdeburg–Leipzig railways. The population at that time was 11,839; it manufactured drain-pipes, paper-roofing, and machinery, and had saw mills. There were also several coal mines in the vicinity. Owing to its pleasant situation and accessibility, it had become a favoured residence of business men of Leipzig and Halle.[2] During the East Germany (GDR) years, it gained notoriety for its chemical industry complex which caused remarkably severe pollution, even by GDR standards. On 24 April 1959 it also was a scene for the Bitterfeld Conference, locally known as the "Bitterfelder Weg". This conference sought to connect the working class with the artists of the day to form a socialist national culture.[3] In the 21st century Bitterfeld is still an industrial town and it stages the annual United Metal Maniacs metal festival.[4] The former brown-coal open cast mine of Goitzsche, south-east of Bitterfeld, is a source of numerous fossils in Bitterfeld amber. {{clear}}Historical population1840 to 1939| Year | Population | | 1840 | {{0}}4,649 | | 1870 | {{0}}5,693 | | 1880 | {{0}}6,531 | | 1890 | {{0}}9,047 | | 1925 | 18,384 | | 1933 | 21,328 | | 1939 | 23,949 | 1946 to 1995| Year | Population | | 1946 | 32,833[5] | | 1950 | 32,814[6] | | 1960 | 31,687 | | 1981 | 22,199 | | 1984 | 21,279 | | 1990 | 18,099[7] | | 1995 | 16,868 | 2000 to 2006[8]| Year | Population | | 2000 | 16,507 | | 2001 | 16,237 | | 2002 | 15,985 | | 2003 | 15.798 | | 2004 | 15,755 | | 2005 | 15,728 | | 2006 | 15,709[9] | Sons and daughters of the town- Johann Ernst Altenburg (1736-1801), trumpeter and organist
- Erwin Ding-Schuler (1912-1945), sturmbannführer and first camp doctor of Buchenwald
- Peter Rasym (born 1953), musician, has been playing bass guitar since 1997 with the Puhdys
Other personalities- August von Parseval (1861-1942), his impact airships developed by him were partly built in Bitterfeld.
- Walther Rathenau (1867-1922), founder of Bitterfeld's chemical industry.
- Klaus Staeck (born 1938), graphic artist, lawyer and president of the academy of the arts, grew up in Bitterfeld.
Mayors- 1851-1863 Gottlieb Meuche
- 1863-1873 Gustav Frischbier
- 1873-1890 Robert Sommer († 1890)
- 1890-1914 Hugo Hermann Adalbert Dippe (1853; † 1916)
- 1915-1927 Ernst Albert Hermann Schmidt
- 1927-1939 Arthur Erdmann Ebermann
- 1939-1945 Erhard Johann Martin Nimz
- 1943-1945 Walter Stieb (Interim)
- 26 April 1945 to 30 August 1945 Gustav Dietrich (deselection by Soviet city commandant) († 1972)
- September 1945 to 1946 Bernhard Moder
- 1946-1949 Ernst Rettel
- 1949-1950 Karl Salbach
- 1950-1953 Heinz-Rudolf Strauch
- 1953-1959 Wolfgang Stille
- 1959-1971 Else Petrushka
- 1971-1979 Max Dittbrenner
- 1979-1982 Karlheinz Sohr
- 1982-1990 Klaus Barth
- 1990-1994 Edelgard Kauf
- 1994-2007 Werner Rauball
- 2007-2009 Horst Tischer
- From 2010 Joachim Gülland
Literature - Maron, Monika: Bitterfelder Bogen. Ein Bericht. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-10-048828-2}}.
- Lojewsky, Hannelore: Seh’n wir uns nicht in dieser Welt, so seh’n wir uns in Bitterfeld. In: Norbert Kühne: Individuelles Lernen wird an Bedeutung gewinnen. 100 Jahre Hans-Böckler-Berufskolleg Marl/Haltern, Marl 2009, S. 29–30.
- Klaus Seehafer: Dann sehn wir uns in Bitterfeld. Tagebuch eines Jahres. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle/S. 2009, {{ISBN|3-89812-664-1}}.
- {{WdH|66}}
- Hackenholz, Dirk: Die elektrochemischen Werke in Bitterfeld 1914–1945. Ein Standort der IG-Farbenindustrie AG. LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004, {{ISBN|3-8258-7656-X}}.
Notes1. ^Statistical information
2. ^1 {{EB1911|wstitle=Bitterfeld|volume=4|page=13}}
3. ^{{Citation|location=Berlin |publisher=Dietz Verlag |year=1978 |title=Kulturpolitisches Wörterbuch |edition= 2nd print |chapter=Bitterfelder Konferenzen}}
4. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.festung.pibox.de/www/joomla/index.php |title=Festung Bitterfeld - 15 Jahre (1997-2012) |language=German |accessdate=2013-01-18}}
5. ^29 October
6. ^31 August
7. ^3 October
8. ^1 Data source since 1995: Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt
9. ^30 June
References{{reflist}}External links{{Commons category|Bitterfeld-Wolfen}}- {{Citation |author=Stadt Bitterfeld-Wolfen |url=http://www.bitterfeld.de |title=Stadt Bitterfeld-Wolfen - Wir haben den Bogen raus |location=51.656105;12.267308 |publisher=Bitterfeld.de |date= |language=German|accessdate=2013-01-18}}
- {{Citation |author=Prochaska Online Service |url=http://www.bitterfeld-online.de/ |title=Willkommen bei bitterfeld-online » Bitterfeld-Online |location=51.63;12.33 |publisher=Bitterfeld-online.de |date= |language=German |accessdate=2013-01-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055903/http://www.bitterfeld-online.de/ |archivedate=2012-02-04 |df= }}
- {{Citation |url=http://www.pegelturm.de |title=Der Pegelturm an der Goitzsche bei Bitterfeld |publisher=Pegelturm.de |date= |language=German|accessdate=2013-01-18}}
- {{Citation|url=http://www.bandcommunity-bitterfeld.de |title=Bandcommunity-bitterfeld.de |publisher=Bandcommunity-bitterfeld.de |date= |language=German |accessdate=2013-01-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205011120/http://www.bandcommunity-bitterfeld.de/ |archivedate=2012-02-05 |df= }}
- {{Citation|url=http://xyzrainbowfish.blogspot.com/2006/01/bitterfelder-bogen.html |title=Der Bitterfelder Bogen }}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
- {{dmoz|World/Deutsch/Regional/Europa/Deutschland/Sachsen-Anhalt/Landkreise/Bitterfeld/Städte_und_Gemeinden/Bitterfeld|Bitterfeld}}
4 : Flemish diaspora|Towns in Saxony-Anhalt|Province of Saxony|Bezirk Halle |