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词条 Ardencaple Castle
释义

  1. Lairds of Ardincaple

  2. Renovations to the Ardincaple Estate

  3. Modern era and destruction of the castle

  4. Gallery

  5. See also

  6. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}{{Infobox Military Structure
|name=Ardencaple Castle
|location=Rhu, Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
|coordinates=56.0091317, -4.7569701
|image=Ardencaple Castle 1901.jpg
|image_size=300px
|caption=Ardencaple Castle, 1901.
|type=
|code=
|built=original: c.12th century.
rebuilt c.18th & 19th centuries.
|builder= original: unknown.
rebuilt: Campbells of Argyll.
|materials=
|height=remaining tower: {{convert|45|ft|m|0}}.[1]
|used=c.12th century to 20th century.
Nav aid: 1957-present.[1]
|demolished=1957.
|condition=1 remaining tower.
|ownership=
|open_to_public=Grounds only.[1]
|controlledby=unknown lairds of Ardincaple: c.1100s-1460s.
MacAulay lairds of Ardincaple: c.1460s-1760s.
Campbells of Argyll: c.1760s-1852.
Colquhouns of Luss: 1852-1923.
H. Stromberg-Macaulay: 1923-1931.
Adelaide Parker Voorheis: 1931-1934.
consortium of developers: 1934-1937.
Royal Navy (HMNB Clyde): 1937-.
|garrison=
|current_commander=
|commanders=
|occupants=
|battles=
|events=
}}Ardencaple Castle, also known as Ardincaple Castle, and sometimes referred to as Ardencaple Castle Light, is a listed building, situated about {{convert|1|smi|km}} from Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.[1][2] Today, all that remains of the castle is a tower, perched on the edge of a plateau, looking down on a flat tract of land between it and the shore of the Firth of Clyde.[3] The original castle was thought to have been built sometime in the 12th century,[4] and part of the remains of the original castle were said to have existed in the 19th century.[1] Today, that sole remaining tower is used as a navigational aid for shipping on the Firth of Clyde. Because of its use as a lighthouse the tower has been called Ardencaple Castle Light.[5]

Lairds of Ardincaple

The word Ardencaple or Ardincaple has been said to be derived from the Gaelic Ard na gCapull, meaning "cape of the horses", or "of the mares", or "height of the horses".[10][6] In 1351 this place name was recorded as Airdendgappil.[7] From the Middle Ages the lands of Ardencaple were controlled by the Lairds of Ardincaple. By the late 15th century or 16th century the lairds had adopted the surname MacAulay. By this time the Laird of Ardincaple was considered the clan chief of Clan MacAulay.

The fortunes of the Lairds of Ardincaple failed in the 18th century, and they were forced to divide and sell, piece by piece, the lands of Ardincaple and their other estates to pay debts. Archibald MacAulay, 9th laird (died 1752), began the process around 1700,[8] and the sales continued under his sons - one of whom wrote a primer on shorthand in an effort to raise money.[9] By the time the 12th laird died around 1767, the roof had fallen in and the overall condition of the castle had deteriorated to such an extent that he had been forced to abandon his residence there and live in nearby Laggarie, having completed the sale of the MacAulay estates.[8]

Renovations to the Ardincaple Estate

The estate was then purchased by John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll,[10] and remained in possession of the Campbells well into the 19th century. It was during the Campbell's tenure as lairds of Ardencaple in the 18th century that extensive development was done on the estate by Robert Adam - Scotland's foremost architect of the time. In 1764, while the house was in possession of Lord Frederick Campbell, Robert Adam was first consulted about work on the castle. The house was then irregularly shaped, and Adam came up with a plan for the addition of castle-style additions on the western side of the house which faced the Gare Loch. However, nothing came of this scheme and it wasn't until 1774 that Adam came up with a set of drawings for an addition to the southern half of the west front of the house. This addition was made up of three-bay-windowed, D-shaped tower set in between two smaller turrets (pictured left). Later photographs of Ardincaple Castle show that Adam's extension had been altered or that some features present in his sketch were omitted from being implemented. For instance, the conical roofs, the crow-stepped gable in the sketch do not appear in photographs of the castle. Photographs of Ardincaple Castle show that the tower and southern turret had one more storey than appear in Adam's sketch According to David King, it is possible that Adam was responsible for the added extra floor to the tower, but that is it very unlikely Adam altered the turret because the altered turret broke the symmetry of the addition. Also, Adam had planned that the tower would contain a D-shaped dressing room on its main floor (upper floor). However, it was later decided to make the room oval shaped. David King remarks that Adam had planned a pleasant ceiling for this room, but that there is no sign of it in photographs of 1957.[11] George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll was born at Ardencaple Castle on 30 April 1823.[12] By 1852 the Duchess Dowager of Argyll sold the Ardencaple estate to the wealthy Colquhouns of Luss.[13]

Modern era and destruction of the castle

In 1923, Sir Iain Colquhoun sold the castle to Mrs. H. Macaulay-Stromberg,[14] a wealthy American, who restored the castle and lived there until her death, in 1931.[15] The castle then passed to Adelaide Parker Voorheis until 1935,[15] when it passed to a consortium of developers who had constructed, in 1936-1937 a housing estate on what used to be the Tower Lawn.[15] The castle then was requisitioned by the Royal Navy[15] with the outbreak of World War II.

In 1957 most of the castle was demolished by the government in order to build naval housing for the nearby HMNB Clyde (Faslane Naval Base), though one tower was left to be used as a mount for navigational beacons and transit lights for the Royal Navy.[16] From then on, the {{convert|45|ft|m|0|adj=on}} high tower was known as "Ardencaple Castle Range Rear Light", and had two green lights mounted on its south-west corner.[17] Ardencaple Castle has been considered a Category B listed building since 14 May 1971.[2] Today, all that remains of the grand turreted mansion is one solitary tower.

Gallery

{{Commons category|Ardencaple Castle}}

See also

  • Clan MacAulay
  • Rhu
  • Helensburgh

References

{{Commons category|Ardencaple Castle}}{{Location map
|UK Scotland |relief=1
|label=Ardencaple Castle | marksize=9
|mark=Blue_pog.svg
|lat_dir=N | lat_deg=56 | lat_min=01
| lat_sec=
|lon_dir=W | lon_deg=4 | lon_min=45
| lon_sec=
|position=right
|width=150
|float=right
|caption=Location in Scotland.
}}
1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Black, Adam|author-link=Adam Black|author2=Black, Charles|title=Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland|year=1861|edition=15th|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|location=Edinburgh|page=440}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/historicandlistedbuildings/listedbuildingsresults.htm?p_out=xml&p_all=ardencaple&p_couname=0&p_parbur=0|title=Historic & listed buildings|accessdate=2008-05-08|work=Historic Scotland (historic-scotland.gov.uk)}}
3. ^{{cite book |author=John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Duke of Argyll |authorlink=John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll |title=Passages from the past |url=https://archive.org/details/passagesfrompast01argyuoft |volume=1 |year=1907 |publisher=Hutchinson |location=London |pages=185}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=The New Statistical Account of Scotland|volume=8|pages=73–75|chapter=Parish of Row|chapterurl=http://stataccscot.edina.ac.uk/static/statacc/dist/viewer/nsa-vol8-Parish_record_for_Row_in_the_county_of_Dumbarton_in_volume_8_of_account_2/ |title-link=Statistical Accounts of Scotland}}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Ingram-Brown, Robert|title=Brown's Nautical Almanac: Daily Tide Tables|year=1974|publisher=Brown, Son & Ferguson|page=}}
6. ^{{cite book|author=Newton, Michael|title=Bho Chluaidh Gu Calasraid: From the Clyde to Callander|publisher=Acair|location=Stornoway|year=1996|isbn=978-0-86152-265-1|page=143}}
7. ^1 {{cite book|title=The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland|author=Watson, William John|year=1926|publisher=W. Blackwood & Sons|pages=241|authorlink=William J. Watson}}
8. ^1 {{cite book|last=Irving|first=Joseph|authorlink=Joseph Irving|title=The Book of Dumbartonshire |url=https://archive.org/stream/bookofdumbartons02irvi |year=1879|publisher=W. and A. K. Johnston|location=Edinburgh|pages=301–302}}
9. ^{{cite book|author1=Cook, Barbara Collier |author2=Cook, James Wyatt |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5FMUU8fCldcC |title=Man-Midwife, Male Feminist: The Life and Times of George Macaulay, M.D., PH. D., (1716–1766)|publisher=Scholarly Publishing Office (University of Michigan)|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4181-6285-6|pages= 181–183}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=William|title=The Scottish Nation; Or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, And Biographical History Of The People Of Scotland|volume=2|year=1862|publisher=A. Fullarton & Co.|location=Edinburgh|page=710}}
11. ^{{cite book|last=King|first=David|title=The Complete Works of Robert & James Adam and Unbuilt Adam|year=2001|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn=978-0-7506-4468-6|pages=220–222}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10453.htm#i104526|title=Sir George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll|accessdate=2007-08-02|work=The Peerage (thepeerage.com)}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.colquhounimports.com/history.htm|title=My Clan History|accessdate=2008-05-09|work=(colquhounimports.com)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604070732/http://www.colquhounimports.com/history.htm|archivedate=4 June 2008|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmacaulay.org.uk/Heritage/Ardencapel/Ardencaple.html|title=Ardencaple|accessdate=2008-05-09|work=Clan MacAulay Association in Scotland (clanmacaulay.org.uk)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806064449/http://www.clanmacaulay.org.uk/Heritage/Ardencapel/Ardencaple.html|archivedate=2007-08-06}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.macaulay.org/Ardencaple.htm|title=Ardencaple Castle|accessdate=2007-08-19|work=Clan Macaulay USA (macaulay.org)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928185931/http://www.macaulay.org/Ardencaple.htm|archivedate=28 September 2007|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stayatlochlomond.com/article/helensburgh-history/|title=The History of Helensburgh|accessdate=2008-05-09|work=Loch Lomond B&B and Loch Lomond Self-Catering Accommodation (stayatlochlomond.com)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510143015/http://www.stayatlochlomond.com/article/helensburgh-history/|archivedate=10 May 2008|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.lighthousedepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=4211|title=Ardencaple Castle Light|accessdate=2007-08-02|work=Lighthouse Depot (lighthousedepot.com)| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070828175128/http://www.lighthousedepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=4211| archivedate= 28 August 2007 | deadurl= no}}
{{coord|56|0|32.88|N|4|45|25.09|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

9 : Castles in Argyll and Bute|Category B listed buildings in Argyll and Bute|Clan MacAulay|Category B listed lighthouses|Lighthouses in Scotland|Listed castles in Scotland|Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland|Helensburgh|Clan Campbell
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