词条 | Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) |
释义 |
The Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) (ALP-AC) was the name initially used by the right-wing group which arose from the 1955 Labor split.[1] In 1957 it changed its name to the Democratic Labor Party, and was dissolved in 1978. HistoryAs part of the ALP split of 1955, in April 1955, 7 Victorian federal MPs and 18 state MPs were expelled from the ALP. The federal MPs were: Tom Andrews, Bill Bourke, Bill Bryson, Jack Cremean, Bob Joshua, Stan Keon and Jack Mullens. On the night of 19 April 1955, Henry Bolte raised a motion of no-confidence against Cain's government in the Legislative Assembly. After twelve hours of debate on the motion, in the early hours of 20 April, 11 of the expelled Labor members crossed the floor to support Bolte's motion. With his government defeated, Cain sought and received a dissolution of parliament later that day, with the election set down for 28 May..[2][3] The expelled ALP members formed the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) under the influence of B. A. Santamaria.[4] At the 1955 Victorian election held in May, 11 of the 12 expelled MPs in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, as well as other candidates, and the one MP facing re-election in the Victorian Legislative Council lost their seats. The party drew 12.6% of the vote, mainly from the ALP, but because its vote was widely spread only one of its candidates, the expelled Labor member Frank Scully, was re-elected. The party directed its 12.6% vote to the Coalition, and most of its supporters followed the party's preferences. Labor won 37.6% of the vote and 20 seats to the Liberals' 34 and the Country Party's ten. In any event, the Cain Labor Government lost government at the 1955 election. Five MPs whose terms had not expired remained in the Legislative Council until the expiry of their terms at the 1958 Victorian election, and all who recontested their seats were defeated. Frank Scully was the only expelled MP returned. He had been a Minister in the Cain Government and a member of the Catholic Social Studies Movement ("The Movement") in Victoria, and was expelled from the ministry and the ALP as part of the 1955 split.[5] He won the seat of Richmond in the Victorian Legislative Assembly in May 1955 and was the only member of the DLP in the Assembly until 1958.[6]All the 7 expelled federal MPs were defeated at the 1955 federal election held in December. However, Frank McManus was elected as a senator for Victoria at the 1955 election, and successful ALP candidate George Cole had chosen before the election to become part of this party. The parliamentary membership of the ALP (Anti-Communist) was almost entirely Roman Catholic. The only two non-Catholics were its federal leader, Bob Joshua, who represented Ballarat in the Australian House of Representatives, and Jack Little, who led the party in the Victoria Legislative Council between 1955 and 1958. It has been suggested that the party was substantially a party of Irish-ethnics,[7] a result of the ALP split of 1955 being a 'de-ethnicisation', a forcible removal of the Irish-Catholic element within the ALP.[8] However, many ALP (Anti-Communist) members were not of Irish descent. The party attracted many voters among migrants from Catholic countries in southern Europe, and among anti-Communist Eastern European refugees. In 1957, the party changed its name to the Democratic Labor Party, which formally dissolved in 1978. Those party members who refused to accept the party's dissolution, formed a successor party, the Democratic Labour Party. References1. ^Robert Murray (1970), The Split. Australian Labor in the Fifties, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, Victoria. 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article75437726 |title=Victorian Govt. Defeated; Election On May 28. |newspaper=The Central Queensland Herald |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=21 April 1955 |accessdate=10 April 2012 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 3. ^Ainsley Symons (2012), 'Democratic Labor Party members in the Victorian Parliament of 1955-1958,' in Recorder (Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, Melbourne Branch) No. 275, November, Pages 4-5. 4. ^Paul Strangio and Brian Costar (2005), "B. A. Santamaria: Religion as Politics", in Brian Costar, Peter Love and Paul Strangio (eds.), The Great Labor Schism. A Retrospective, Scribe Publications, Melbourne. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dlp.org.au/blog/frank-scully-passes-away-aged-95-years/|title=Frank Scully passes away, aged 95 years|date=August 14, 2015|publisher=Democratic Labour Party (Australia)|accessdate=18 August 2015}} 6. ^Ainsley Symons (2012), 'Democratic Labor Party members in the Victorian Parliament of 1955–1958,' in Recorder (Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, Melbourne Branch) No. 275, November, Pages 4–5. 7. ^Lyle Allan (1988), "Irish Ethnicity and the Democratic Labor Party", Politics, Vol. 23 No. 2, Pages 28-34. 8. ^Ernest Healy (1993), 'Ethnic ALP Branches - The Balkanisation of Labor,' in People and Place Vol.1, No.4, Page 38. Further reading
10 : Anti-communism in Australia|Anti-communist parties|Australian Labor Party breakaway groups|Australian labour movement|Defunct political parties in Australia|Labour parties|Political parties established in 1955|1955 establishments in Australia|Political parties disestablished in 1957|1957 disestablishments in Australia |
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