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词条 BMW 3 Series (E46)
释义

  1. Development

  2. Body styles

  3. Engines

      Petrol    Diesel  

  4. Drivetrain

     Manual transmissions  Automatic transmissions 

  5. Chassis

  6. Electronics

  7. M3 model

  8. Alpina models

  9. E46/5 hatchback

  10. Special models

      Performance package (ZHP)    325i SULEV    M3 GTR Straßen version  

  11. Model year changes

      2000    2001 facelift (LCI)    2003  

  12. Production and sales

  13. Motorsport

  14. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = BMW 3 Series (E46)
| image = 2000-2003 BMW 330Ci (E46) coupe (2011-07-17) 01.jpg
| caption = BMW E46 330Ci (Australia)
| manufacturer = BMW
| production = December 1997 – August 2006[1][2]
| assembly = {{ubl
|Germany: Leipzig
|Germany: Munich
|Germany: Regensburg
|China: Shenyang (BBA)
|Egypt: 6th of October City[3]
|Indonesia: Jakarta
|Malaysia: Shah Alam[4]
|Mexico: Toluca[5]
|Russia: Kaliningrad[6]
|South Africa: Rosslyn[7]
}}
| designer = {{ubl
|Erik Goplen (coupé, convertible, station wagon)
|Wolfgang Reitzle, Chris Bangle (sedan)
}}
| class = Compact executive car (D)
| body_style = {{ubl
|2-door coupé
|2-door convertible
|4-door sedan (saloon)
|5-door station wagon (Touring)
|3-door hatchback
}}
| layout = Rear-wheel drive,
All-wheel drive ("xi" models)
| engine = {{ubl
|Petrol:
1.8–2.0 L M43/N42/N46 I4
|2.0–3.2 L M52/M54/S54 I6
|4.0 L P60 V8
|Diesel:
2.0 L M47 I4
|2.9–3.0 L M57 I6
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2720|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}[8]
| length = {{convert|4470|-|4490|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1740|-|1810|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1410|-|1440|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1385|-|1770|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}[8][9]
| predecessor = BMW 3 Series (E36)
| successor = BMW 3 Series (E90)
}}

The BMW E46 is the fourth generation of the BMW 3 Series, which was produced from 1997 to 2006. The body styles of the range are:

  • 4-door sedan/saloon
  • 2-door coupé
  • 2-door convertible
  • 5-door wagon/estate (marketed as "Touring")
  • 3-door hatchback (marketed as "3 Series Compact")
All-wheel drive, last available in the E30 3 Series, was reintroduced for the E46 on the 325xi, 330xi and 330xd models.[10][11] The E46 was the first 3 Series to be available with an engine using Valvetronic (variable valve lift). Various electronic features were also introduced to the 3 Series in the E46 generation, including satellite navigation, electronic brake-force distribution, rain-sensing wipers and LED tail-lights.[12][13][14]

Following the introduction of the E90 3 Series sedans in late 2004, the E46 began to be phased out. However the E46 coupé and convertible body styles remained in production until 2006.

The E46 M3 is powered by the S54 straight-six engine with either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed SMG-II transmission. The M3 was released in late 2000 and was produced in coupé and convertible body styles.

Development

In 1993, the development programme for the E46 began under chief engineer Wolfgang Ziebart and head of R&D Wolfgang Reitzle. In late 1993, design work began under chief designer Chris Bangle and continued into 1995.[15] In May 1995, the general exterior design of the E46 by Erik Goplen of DesignworksUSA was approved and as a result DesignworksUSA was contracted by BMW to work alongside BMW Group's in-house design team to create the exterior body work for the 3 Series range in February 1996.[16][17][18] The design team put an emphasis on improving aerodynamics and increasing the car's aggressive stance.[17] Design patents were filed in Germany on 16 July 1997[19] and in the US on 16 January 1998.[20]

Chris Bangle and Dr. Wolfgang Reitzle (BMW Head of R&D)[21] were responsible through 1995 for the production sedan's exterior,[22][23] as evident in the 1997 design patent. Production development of the sedan took 24 months following design freeze and was 31 months from executive board styling approval in 1995 to its start of production in 1997. Goplen designed the production coupé and station wagon during 1996–1997. The E46 sedan was unveiled via press release on November 11, 1997 and was launched on the market at the end of April 1998 with customer deliveries.[24]

Body styles

Engines

Petrol

Model[25] Years Engine Power Torque
316i /

316ci[26][27]

 1999–2001 M43B19
4-cyl 		77|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}165|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2001 - 2004N40B16

4-cyl

85|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft)
2001–2004 N42B18
4-cyl 		85|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}175|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2004–2005 N46B18
4-cyl 		85|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}175|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
318i /
318ci[28]		 1998–2001 M43B19
4-cyl 		87|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}180|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2001–2005 N42B20
4-cyl 		105|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}200|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2003–2006 N46B20
4-cyl 		110|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}200|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
320i /
320ci[29]		 1998–2000 M52TUB20
6-cyl 		110|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}190|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2000–2001 M54B22
6-cyl 		125|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}210|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2001–2006 M54B22
6-cyl 		125|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}210|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
323i /
323ci[30]		 1998–2000 M52TUB25
6-cyl 		125|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}245|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
325i (EU) /
325ci (EU)[31][32]		2001–2006M54B25
6-cyl		141|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}245|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
325i (US) /
325ci (US)[33][34]		137|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}237|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
328i /
328ci[35]		 1998–2000 M52TUB28
6-cyl 		142|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
330i (EU) /
330ci (EU)[36][37][38]		2000–2006M54B30
6-cyl		170|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}300|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
330i (US) /
330ci (US)[39][40]		168|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}290|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
330i ZHP /
330ci ZHP[41][42]		 2003–2006 175|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}301|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
M3 (EU)[43]2000–2006S54B32
6-cyl		252|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}365|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
M3 (US)[44]248|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}355|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
M3 CSL[45] 2003–2004 265|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}370|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}

Diesel

Model[25] Years Engine Power Torque
318d[46]2001–2003 M47D20
4-cyl		85|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}265|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2003–2005 M47TUD20
4-cyl 		85|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|ftlb-f|0|abbr=on}}
320d /
320Cd[47]		 1998–2001 M47D20
4-cyl 		100|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2001–2006 M47TUD20
4-cyl 		110|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}330|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
330d /
330Cd[48][49]		 1999–2002 M57D30
6-cyl 		135|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}390|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
2003–2005M57TUD30
6-cyl		150|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}410|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}

Drivetrain

Manual transmissions

  • 5-speed ZF S5-39[50]
  • 5-speed Getrag S5D 250G[51]
  • 5 speed ZF S5D 320Z (ZF S5-31)
  • 6-speed ZF S6-37[52]
  • 6-speed ZF S6-53[53]

Automatic transmissions

  • 4-speed GM 4L30-E (A4S270R)
  • 5-speed GM 5L40-E (A5S360R)[54][55]
  • 5-speed GM 5L40-E (A5S390R)
  • 5-speed ZF 5HP19 (A5S325Z)[56]
  • 5-speed GM 5L50-E (A5S390R)
  • 6-speed SMG-II

Chassis

The body shell of the E46 was claimed by BMW to be 70% more rigid than its E36 predecessor.[60] Aluminium was used for an increased quantity of suspension components, in order to decrease unsprung mass.[60] However, with a curb weight of {{convert|1450|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},[57][58] the E46 328ci is {{convert|55|kg|lb|abbr=on}} heavier than the E36 equivalent.[59][60]

In tune with BMW's core values regarding handling dynamics,[61] the E46 was initially available with a rear-wheel drive layout and a 50/50 weight distribution.[62][63]

Electronics

The electronic components in the E46 are more integrated than previous generations of 3 Series, including the use of a CAN bus system.[64] Drivetrain information (such as engine, transmission and stability control) is communicated using the CAN bus.[65][66] Vehicle electronics (such as the radio, navigation, television and telecommunications) can communicate to each other via the K-bus.[67]

M3 model

{{main article|E46 M3}}

The E46 M3, first introduced in October 2000, was available with the 3.2-litre S54 M-tuned engine. It was available in coupé and convertible body styles.

The M3's S54 engine has a redline of 8,000 rpm. As with most M engines, the S54 has 6 individual throttle bodies, in this case electronically operated (drive-by-wire throttle. The transmission options for the M3 were a 6-speed manual or the 6-speed "SMG-II" automated manual transmission.

{{clear}}

Alpina models

{{main|Alpina}}

The Alpina "B3 3.3" and "B3 S" were based on the E46 and were powered by straight-six petrol engines.

E46/5 hatchback

{{main article|BMW E46/5}}

The hatchback version was marketed as the BMW 3 Series Compact.

{{clear}}

Special models

Performance package (ZHP)

The Performance Package was an option sold in North America, which is commonly referred to by its order code in the United States, ZHP (the order code in Canada was ZAM).[68] It was available for sedans from model years 2003 to 2005, and available for coupés and convertibles from 2004 to 2006.[74] It included various aesthetic changes over the regular 3 series, as well as functional and mechanical enhancements.

The ZHP was equipped with sportier camshafts and revised engine tuning to increase power output from {{convert|225|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} to {{convert|235|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} as well as an increase to the rev limiter from 6,500 rpm to 6,800 rpm.[69] Suspension was modified over the standard suspension with firmer springs and dampers, larger anti-roll bars, stronger front control arm ball joints, a lower ride height, heavy duty steering rack, and slightly more negative camber.[76] Car and Driver magazine track-tested the car, which recorded a 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 5.6 seconds and a 1/4 mile time of 14.3 seconds.[70]

325i SULEV

BMW introduced a super ultra low emission vehicle (SULEV) into the selected regions of the United States to meet stricter emission standards. California, New York, and Massachusetts received the SULEV E46's in 2003, and Vermont in 2004.[71] They utilised a variant of the M54 engine named the BMW M56.[71] The M56 meets SULEV standards, as well as partial zero emission vehicle (PZEV) and zero evaporative emissions requirements.[71] The M56 is claimed to have identical power output as its M54 counterpart.[71]

M3 GTR Straßen version

{{Main article|BMW M3#Road Version}}

In order for the M3 GTR race car to compete in the American Le Mans Series, BMW produced 10 examples of the "M3 GTR Straßen Version" (street version) in 2001.[72] As per the race M3 GTR, the roadgoing Version was powered by the BMW P60B40 4.0 L V8 engine which was slightly detuned and generated a maximum power output of {{convert|380|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 7,000 rpm.[73][74] Power was delivered to the rear wheels via a race type 6-speed dual clutch sequential transmission with M locking differential. The engine featured dry sump lubrication as its racing counterpart and bigger radiators.

The stiffer chassis and suspension system were a carryover from the race version. The car was lowered further than a standard M3 and featured additional strut braces between the firewall and strut towers as well as between the right shock towers. The redesigned front and rear fascias and the rear wing optimised aerodynamics.

The roof, the hood, the rear wing and front and rear fascias were made from carbon-fibre in order to reduced weight. Notable changes made to the interior included leather Recaro bucket seats, removal of rear seats and special M3 GTR sill plates.[75]

Model year changes

{{refimprove section|small=y|date=August 2017}}

2000

  • Electronic Stability Control ("Dynamic Stability Control") introduced, replacing the previous ASC+T traction control system.
  • Manual shift mode ("Steptronic") added to automatic transmissions

2001 facelift (LCI)

In September 2001, the facelift (LCI) versions of the sedan and Touring were released for the 2002 model year.

  • 325i (M54 engine) replaces 323i (M52TU engine).
  • 330i (M54 engine) replaces 328i (M52TU engine).
  • 318d, 320d engine upgraded from M47 to M47TU.
  • Display for navigation system upgraded to widescreen.
  • Sedan and Touring receive revised headlights, tail-lights, grille, hood, front fenders and front bumpers.
  • Xenon headlights now include Xenon for high-beam lamps ("Bi-Xenon headlights")

2003

In March 2003, the facelift (LCI) versions of the coupe and convertible models (except M3) were released for the 2004 model year.

  • Navigation system upgraded to Mark IV version, which is DVD-based.
  • Auxiliary input for sound system becomes available.
  • SULEV engine option (M56) becomes available for 325 models with automatic transmission.
  • Manual transmission for 330 models upgraded from 5-speed to 6-speed.
  • Coupes and convertibles receive revised headlights, tail-lights (LED), grille, hood and front bumper.
  • Adaptive headlights available for coupe and convertible models
  • 330d engine upgraded from M57 to M57TU.

Production and sales

Production dates for each body style are as follows:

  • Sedans were produced from April 1998 to May 2005[76][77]
  • Coupés were produced from June 1999 to 2006
  • Convertibles were produced from December 1999 to 2006[78]
  • Wagons were produced from October 1999 to 2005
  • Hatchbacks were produced from June 2001 to 2004

The highest selling year for the E46 chassis was 2002, when 561,249 vehicles were sold worldwide.[79]

Motorsport

Andy Priaulx won the 2004 European Touring Car Championship season and 2005 World Touring Car Championship season championships driving a 320i.[80] Franz Engstler won the 2006 Asian Touring Car Championship season in a 320i.[81]

The E46 has also competed in the British, European and Russian touring car championships.

YearChampionshipResult
2003European Touring Car Championship3
2004Danish Touringcar Championship1
2004European Touring Car Championship1
2005Danish Touringcar Championship1
2005Italian Superturismo Championship1
2005World Touring Car Championship1
2006Asian Touring Car Championship1
2006British Touring Car Championship11
2008European Touring Car Cup1

In the United States, the National Auto Sport Association organises a "Spec E46" amateur racing series. The Spec E46 cars are built to a standard with minimal modifications, to create increased competition between drivers.

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39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2003/1581860/bmw_330i.html |title=2003 BMW 330i (model since mid-year 2002 for North America U.S.) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2006/277580/bmw_330ci_convertible.html |title=2006 BMW 330Ci Convertible (model for North America U.S.) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupes/112_0311_2003_bmw_330i_performance_package/ |title=First Test: 2003 BMW 330i Performance Package |publisher=Motor Trend |date=November 2003 |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
42. ^{{cite web|title=BMW E46 330i ZHP Package|url=http://www.bmwblog.com/2015/06/09/bmw-e46-330i-zhp-package/|website=www.bmwblog.com|accessdate=11 May 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2000/276155/bmw_m3.html |title=2000 BMW M3 (model since mid-year 2000 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2001/277220/bmw_m3.html |title=2001 BMW M3 (since mid-year 2000 for North America U.S.) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2003/276470/bmw_m3_csl.html |title=2003 BMW M3 CSL (model since mid-year 2003 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1999/286100/bmw_318d.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150426160338/http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1999/286100/bmw_318d.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=26 April 2015 |title=1999 BMW 318d (model since mid-year 1999 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015 }}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1998/274505/bmw_320d.html |title=1998 BMW 320d (model since mid-year 1998 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1999/274520/bmw_330d.html |title=1999 BMW 330d (model since mid-year 1999 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/2001/275360/bmw_330d.html |title=2001 BMW 330d (model since mid-year 2001 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |accessdate=22 March 2015}}
50. ^{{cite book | last = Larimer | first = Fred | year = 2002 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_AUwce3kANoC&printsec=frontcover | title = BMW Buyer's Guide | publisher = MotorBooks International | pages = 154 | isbn = 0-7603-1099-8}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Part cross-reference|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/enUS/partxref?&q=23007505600&series=E46|website=www.realoem.com}}
52. ^{{cite web|title=23007532498 Exchange 6 speed gearbox|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/partxref?id=BD51-EUR-04-2006-E46-BMW-330Ci&mg=23&sg=05&diagId=23_0918&q=23007532498&series=E46|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=27 December 2017}}
53. ^{{cite web|title=23007531346 Exchange 6 speed gearbox|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/partxref?id=BV91-EUR-04-2006-E46-BMW-330Cd&mg=23&sg=05&diagId=23_0926&q=23007531346&series=E46|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=27 December 2017}}
54. ^{{cite web|title=BMW Automatic Transmission – The Other No-Reverse|url=http://blog.bavauto.com/13206/bmw-automatic-transmission-the-other-no-reverse-a5s-390r-a5s-360r-5l40e/|website=www.bavauto.com|accessdate=14 February 2017}}
55. ^{{cite web|title=www.bmwtips.com|url=http://www.bmwtips.com/tipsntricks/Tranny/SD92-113.pdf|website=Transmission and oil application chart|accessdate=14 February 2017}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=5HP19 catalogue|url=http://www.bimmerinfo.com/files/e46trans/ZF5HP19.pdf|website=www.bimmerinfo.com|accessdate=27 December 2017}}
57. ^{{cite web|title=1999 BMW 328i E46 specifications|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=96228|website=www.carfolio.com}}
58. ^{{cite web|title=Specifications for BMW 328Ci E46 Coupe (1999-2000)|url=http://bmwheaven.com/database/show.php?id=283|website=www.bmwheaven.com}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=1996 BMW 328i E36 specifications|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=15268|website=www.carfolio.com}}
60. ^{{cite web|title=Specifications for BMW 328i E36 Coupe (1995-1999)|url=http://bmwheaven.com/database/show.php?id=403|website=www.bmwheaven.com}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=BMW Innovations Lounge - 50:50 weight distribution|url=http://www.bmw.co.za/innovations/weight/overview.asp|website=www.bmw.co.za|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908143658/http://www.bmw.co.za/innovations/weight/overview.asp|archivedate=8 September 2009|dead-url=yes}}
62. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=66153 |title=BMW 3 Series |date=1 August 2003 |publisher=Edmunds |page=1 |accessdate=9 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831144900/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId%3D66153 |archivedate=31 August 2009 |df=dmy }}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.reveuro.com/buyers_guide/bmw/3series/e46.html|title=BMW E46 3 series buyers guide specs features|publisher=reveuro|page=1|accessdate=8 July 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720022959/http://www.reveuro.com/buyers_guide/bmw/3series/e46.html|archivedate=20 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.e38.org/bussystem.pdf |title=BMW Bus System |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 October 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026182818/http://e38.org/bussystem.pdf| archivedate= 26 October 2010 | deadurl= no |website=www.e38.org}}
65. ^{{cite web|title=CAN Bus Information|url=http://www.e46fanatics.com/forum/showthread.php?t=734615|website=www.e46fanatics.com|accessdate=28 February 2017|language=en}}
66. ^{{cite web|title=E46 Can bus project|url=http://www.bimmerforums.com/forum/showthread.php?1887229-E46-Can-bus-project|website=www.bimmerforums.com|accessdate=28 February 2017|language=en}}
67. ^{{cite web|title=BMW E46 K-Bus Troubleshooting|url=https://www.bmwgm5.com/bmwgm5/K-Bus_Troubleshooting.htm|website=www.bmwgm5.com|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
68. ^{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the BMW E46 330 ZHP Performance Package Option|url=http://www.zhpmafia.com/forums/showthread.php?1789-Frequently-Asked-Questions-%28FAQ%29-About-the-BMW-E46-330-ZHP-Performance-Package-Option|website=www.zhpmafia.com}}
69. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.brazeauracing.com/330i/index.html|title=BMW 330i ZHP|website=www.brazeauracing.com|accessdate=9 July 2009}}
70. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/hot_lists/car_shopping/entry_luxury/bmw_330i_with_performance_package_road_test/%28page%29/1 |title=BMW 330i with Performance Package |website=www.caranddriver.com |accessdate=9 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625180542/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/hot_lists/car_shopping/entry_luxury/bmw_330i_with_performance_package_road_test/%28page%29/1 |archivedate=25 June 2009 |deadurl=no }}
71. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.bmw-planet.com/lib/M56sulev.pdf |format=PDF |title=M56sulev |publisher=BMW |accessdate=10 January 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708074941/http://www.bmw-planet.com/lib/M56sulev.pdf |archivedate=8 July 2011 |df=dmy }}
72. ^{{cite web|title=BMW M3 GTR Strassen Version|url=http://www.ultimatecarpage.com/car/960/BMW-M3-GTR-Strassen-Version.html|website=www.ultimatecarpage.com|accessdate=18 February 2017}}
73. ^{{cite web |title=The BMW M3 GTR Bent the Rules to Beat Everyone |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/motorsports/a22767418/2001-bmw-m3-gtr-test/ |website=www.roadandtrack.com |accessdate=27 March 2019 |date=16 October 2018}}
74. ^{{cite web |title=BMW E46 M3 GTR - One of the most limited production models ever produced by BMW |url=https://www.bmwblog.com/2016/03/13/bmw-e46-m3-gtr-limited-model/ |website=www.bmwblog.com |accessdate=27 March 2019 |language=en |date=13 March 2016}}
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77. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.autointell-news.com/european_companies/BMW/bmw-3-98/bmw31.htm |title=BMW 3-Series 1999 |website=www.autointell-news.com |date=September 1998 |accessdate=21 March 2015}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bmweducation.co.uk/downloads/online-resources/fastfacts_april08.pdf |title=Fast Fact |publisher=BMW |date=April 2008 |accessdate=21 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912023452/http://www.bmweducation.co.uk/downloads/online-resources/FastFacts_April08.pdf |archivedate=12 September 2012 |df=dmy }}
79. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/27/178201.html | publisher=The Auto Channel | accessdate=24 July 2006 | title=Successful 2003 Financial Year for the BMW Group}}
80. ^2005 Championship point standings Retrieved on 22 February 2012
81. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fiawtcc.com/fiawtcc/personnews_prs135637.shtml |title=Franz Engstler |publisher=FIA WTCC |accessdate=21 March 2015 |archivedate=15 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115061103/http://www.fiawtcc.com/fiawtcc/personnews_prs135637.shtml}}
{{BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s}}{{Commons category|BMW E46}}

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