| 词条 | Battle of Hormozdgan |
| 释义 |
|conflict =Battle of Hormozdgan |partof = |image = Battle of Hormozdgan.jpg |caption = Persian miniature depicting the Battle of Hormozdgan |date =April 28, 224 |place =Near Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran |coordinates = |map_type = |map_relief = |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |territory = |result =Decisive Sasanian victory |status = |combatant1 =Parthian Empire |combatant2 =Sasanian Kingdom |commander1 =Artabanus V{{KIA}} |commander2 =Ardashir I Shapur I |units1 = |units2 = |strength1 =An army larger than Ardashir I's army[1] |strength2 =10,000 cavalry[1] |notes = |campaignbox = }} The Battle of Hormozdgan was the climactic battle between the Parthian and the Sasanian Empires that took place on April 28, 224. The Sasanian victory broke the power of the Arsacid dynasty, effectively ending almost five centuries of Parthian rule in Iran, the rest of the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. HistoryThe battle was the culmination of rivalry between Ardashir I son of Papak, Parthian vassal king of Pars and his overlord, Shahanshah Artabanus V of Parthia. Ardashir ascended the throne of Pars in 208 after deposing his elder brother, Shapur. He immediately started expanding his domains and quickly conquered neighboring provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Susiana (modern Khuzestan), and Mesene (modern Maysan).{{sfn|Morony|2005|p=155}} This expansion brought the attention of the Arscacid Great King Artabanus V (r. 216–224). After a period of negotiation and maneuvering, war became inevitable. Ardashir moved his army into Khuzestan in the spring of 224 and took a favorable position in the field of Hormozdgan, near the modern Iranian city of Shushtar. His position allowed him to control the water supplies on the field. Artabanus moved with his army from the Arsacid capital of Ctesiphon in Mesopotamia, and had to take a less favorable position with limited access to water. What we know about the battle is based on biased Sasanian sources.[2] The two armies clashed on April 28, 224. Sasanian records indicate that the battle was over the same day. The manpower of the two armies as well as the number of casualties are unknown. We can speculate that both commanders fielded large numbers of cavalry. We may also speculate that both armies deployed horse archers in large numbers. Yet, it is reasonable to expect that at least Ardashir had some infantry on the field. It is also highly probable that both commanders relied on the shock effect of their core force of cataphracts to break the enemy line. What we know is that some Parthian forces defected to the Sasanian side, and Artabanus was killed in the battle. Sasanian sources picture Ardashir as the victor of a hand-to-hand combat with Artabanus. Given the mode of Iranian warfare, with its emphasis on protecting the commanders at any price, this claim may be apocryphal. Ardashir's son, prince Shapur (later Shapur I) was present on the field and based on rock relief evidence, led the Sasanian heavy cavalry. References1. ^1 HORMOZDGĀN, BATTLE OF, the engagement which brought Ardašir I and the Sasanian dynasty to power, 28 April 224 CE. Encyclopædia Iranica, 23 March 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013. [https://www.webcitation.org/6KgJ6VjCp Archived here.] 2. ^For example in the Book of the Deeds of Ardashir son of Babak. Sources
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7 : Battles involving the Sasanian Empire|Battles involving the Parthian Empire|Iranian civil wars|220s conflicts|224|Ardashir I|Shapur I |
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