| 词条 | Battle of Kombi |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Kombi |image= |caption= |partof=Dutch-Portuguese War |date=29 October 1647 |place={{ILL|Masangano, Angola|pt}} |result=Decisive Ndongo-Matamba/Dutch allied victory |combatant1={{flag|Dutch Republic}} Kingdom of Ndongo |combatant2={{flagicon|Portugal|1578}} Portuguese Empire |commander1= |commander2= |strength1=8,000 Njinga archers 400 Dutch soldiers |strength2=30,000 African archers 600 Portuguese soldiers |casualties1=Unknown |casualties2=3,000 killed or wounded }}{{Campaignbox Dutch-Portuguese War}}{{Dutch colonial campaigns}}{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}} The Battle of Kombi was a decisive battle in the war between Ndongo-Matamba and Portugal during the Dutch period of Angolan history. BackgroundWhen the Dutch forces occupied Luanda in 1641, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, the neighbouring countries of Kongo and Ndongo had welcomed them, sending embassies and receiving promises of assistance in driving the Portuguese out of the colony and central Africa. However, following the initial Dutch success, the Portuguese had fallen back into their interior positions, first at Bengo, where they were driven out, and then to the {{ILL|Forte de Massangano|pt}}. In 1643, deciding it was not worthwhile to continue the war with Portugal, the Dutch signed an agreement which effectively left Portugal in command of the interior presidios. However, the kingdom of Ndongo, a longtime enemy of Portuguese ambitions, then led by Queen Njinga fought on against the Portuguese without Dutch help. Following her defeat at Kavanga in 1646, however, the situation was sufficiently grave that the Dutch commander decided to commit forces to her support. Thus, in 1647 a combined force from Kongo, Ndongo, and a Dutch contingent of over 8,000 men met the Portuguese and their African allies with a field army of some 30,000 men somewhere north of Massangano (the battlefield has not yet been located). The Portuguese were routed by the alliance and over 3,000 Portuguese and their African allies were killed or wounded.[1] As a result of this victory, Nzinga and her army were able to lay siege to three of the Portuguese presidios in Angola, Ambaca, Masangano and Muxima. These sieges were not successful, largely because neither she nor her Dutch allies possessed sufficient artillery to conduct an attack. When the forces of Salvador de Sá e Benevides arrived in 1648, Njinga was forced to abandon the siege and return to her headquarters in Matamba.[2] Sources
References1. ^Linda Heywood and John Thornton, Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1665 (London and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 151. {{coord missing|Angola}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Kombi}}2. ^Heywood and Thornton, Central Africans, p. 152. 7 : Battles involving Kongo|Battles involving Portugal|Battles involving the Dutch Republic|Battles in Angola|Conflicts in 1647|1640s in Africa|1647 in Africa |
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