| 词条 | Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit |
| 释义 |
|image= Bechor-Shalom Shitreet.jpg |birth_date = 1895 |birth_place = Tiberias, Ottoman Empire |Year of Aliyah = |death_date = 28 January 1967 |death_place = |Knesset(s) = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |party1 = {{nowrap|Sephardim & Oriental Communities}} |partyyears1 = 1949–1951 |party2 = Mapai |partyyears2 = 1951–1965 |party3 = Alignment |partyyears3 = 1965–1967 |minister1 = Minister of Police |ministeryears1 = 1948–1967 |minister2 = Minister of Minority Affairs |ministeryears2 = 1948–1949 }} Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit ({{lang-he-n|בכור-שלום שטרית}}, 1895 – 28 January 1967) was an Israeli politician, minister and the only signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence to have been born in the country.[1] He served as Minister of Police from independence until his death in 1967, making him the longest-serving cabinet member in the same portfolio to date. BiographyBorn in Tiberias in the time of the Ottoman Empire to a Moroccan Jewish family who immigrated in the 19th century, Sheetrit was educated at a heder, Alliance school and a yeshiva. After school he attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he was certified as a lawyer. He became involved in Zionist activities as a youth, and was a founder of the Tehiya Zionist association in his home town. He also joined Hapoel Hatzair after being influenced by kibbutz Degania. During World War I he held the position of Mukhtar of Kinneret and organised local police until the British Army entered the area. Following the war he held several positions in the police, including Commander of the Lower Galilee area (where he helped organised the Jewish Mounted Police), deputy commander of the police academy in Jerusalem, and was the prosecutor in the Haim Arlosoroff assassination case. After being made a District Judge in 1935, he served as head district judge in Lod between 1945 and 1948. A prominent member of the Sephardim and Oriental Communities party, Sheetrit joined the pre-state legislature, Moetzet HaAm. He was also in Minhelet HaAm, the proto-cabinet, its only Sephardi member.[2] After signing the Israeli declaration of independence on 14 May 1948, Sheetrit was appointed Minister of Police and Minister of Minority Affairs (a new position) in David Ben-Gurion's provisional government.[3] Although Sheetrit held doubts about the loyalty to the new state of Israeli Arabs, as a native speaker of Palestinian Arabic he was popular with the Arab community. However, following disagreements with the Ministry of Religions and the Military government (which controlled most Arab areas after the war had ended), the Ministry of Minority Affairs was closed in 1949.[2][4] After the first Knesset elections in 1949, in which it won four seats under his leadership, the party rejoined Ben-Gurion's government and Sheetrit remained Minister of Police. Prior to the 1951 elections, Sheetrit defected to Ben-Gurion's Mapai, and was reappointed to his ministerial post after winning a seat for his new party in the elections. Re-elected in 1955, 1959, 1961 and 1965 (by which time Mapai had merged into the Labour Alignment), Sheetrit retained his cabinet post under new prime ministers Moshe Sharett and Levi Eshkol. He died in office in January 1967 after more than 18 years as a minister and serving in fourteen different governments. References1. ^For this reason we congregated {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013182456/http://www.tam.co.il/23_4_2004/magazin11.htm |date=13 October 2007 }} Iton Tel Aviv, 23 April 2004 {{he icon}} 2. ^1 Dowty, Alan (1988) The Jewish State : A Century Later University of California Press 3. ^The Signatories of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel Jewish Virtual Library 4. ^Peled, Alisa Rubin (2002) The Other Side of 1948: The Forgotten Benevolence of Bechor Shalom Shitrit and the Ministry of Minority Affairs Israel Affairs, Vol.8, No.3, pp 84–103 External links
23 : 1895 births|1967 deaths|Jews in Ottoman Palestine|Jews in Mandatory Palestine|People from Tiberias|Moroccan Jews|Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent|Zionists|Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni|Israeli police officers|Israeli judges|Signatories of the Israeli Declaration of Independence|Leaders of political parties in Israel|Sephardim and Oriental Communities politicians|Mapai politicians|Alignment (political party) politicians|Ministers of Public Security of Israel|Members of the 1st Knesset (1949–51)|Members of the 2nd Knesset (1951–55)|Members of the 3rd Knesset (1955–59)|Members of the 4th Knesset (1959–61)|Members of the 5th Knesset (1961–65)|Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–69) |
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