| 词条 | Bhagvat Singh |
| 释义 |
| name = Bhagvat Singh | image = H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwant Singhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal, GCSI, GCIE, 1911.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1865|10|24}} | image_size = 200px | caption = H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwat Singhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal GCSI, GCIE (then only a GCIE),a 1911 photograph, during his visit to London, for the Coronation of King George V. | birth_place = Dhoraji, Gujarat, India | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1944|03|05|1865|10|24}} | death_place = Gondal, India | religion = Hindu | title = Maharaja of Gondal | spouse = | father = |mother = | issue = }} Bhagvatsingh Sahib {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCSI|GCIE|FRSE|FRCP}} (24 October 1865 – 9 March 1944) was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Gondal from 1869 till his death in 1944, in whose reign the state was raised to 11-gun salute state.[1] He was the only Maharaja to take a medical degree and other degrees. Early lifeBhagvatsingh was born as Kumar Sri Bhagvatsinghji Sangramsinhji Sahib, Yuvaraja Sahib of Gondal, on 24 October 1865 at Dhoraji, the third and the youngest but only surviving son of Thakurani Bai Shri Monghiba Sahiba, daughter of Jhala Shri Rartansinhji Sahib of Minapur,[2] the third wife of Thakore Sagramji II, the Thakore Sahib, or chieftain, of Gondal, a small third-class princely state that was an offshoot of the great Jadeja dynasty. BackgroundThe Gondal branch of the dynasty had split off from the dynasty ruling Rajkot in the early 17th century. During the reign of Sagramji II, modern schools, courts and police force were established. In 1869, Sagramji II died, and Bhagvatsingh succeeded his father at the age of four.[3] Education and TrainingBhagvatsingh was educated at The Rajkumar College, Rajkot.[2] He then studied Medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1892,[4] where he graduated as a medical doctor in 1895[5] and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the only princely ruler ever to do so.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} In 1894, he became the President of the Organising Committee of the 8th International Congress of Hygiene and Demography at Budapest. He later rose to become Vice-President of the Indian Medical Association.[3] In 1900 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Turner, Douglas Argyll Robertson, Alexander Crum Brown and Peter Guthrie Tait.[6] ReignBhagvatsingh reformed the state administration, developed its resources, erected schools, colleges and hospitals, provided free and compulsory education for both men and women through university, built technical schools for engineers and training facilities for labourers.[3] As well, Bhagvatsingh improved the regional livestock through modern animal husbandry, built dams and irrigation networks and introduced sewage, plumbing, rail systems, telegraphs, telephone cables and electricity, becoming also a champion for women's rights.[3] Bhagvatsingh also published the first ever dictionary of Gujarati and a Gujarati encyclopedia, the "Bhagavadgomandal" in 1928.[3] Bhagvatsingh's four surviving sons were all educated abroad. The eldest son, Bhojirajsingh, studied at Eton School and Balliol College, Oxford, where he took an engineering degree. His second, Bhupatsingh, was educated at Harrow School and at Trinity College, Cambridge and became a doctor like his father, going on to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine at the University of London to become a Doctor of Tropical Medicine, Member of the Royal College of Physicians and LRCP. After returning to Gondal, Bhupatsingh became its chief medical officer. The youngest two sons, Kiritsingh and Natwarsingh, were both educated at the University of Edinburgh, and became directors of the state railways.[7] Only four years after his formal accession in 1888, Gondal was raised to the rank of a first-class state with an 11-gun salute; in 1887, Bhagvatsingh became "Sir Bhagvatsingh" after he was knighted that year.[7] FamilyOn 3 June 1881, Bhagvatsingh married Maharani Shri Nand Kunverbaiji Sahiba, CI (1867-9 March 1936). The couple had six sons and three daughters:
(Although Bhagvatsingh married three other wives, they do not seem to have provided him with children) [7]Later yearsDuring his reign, Bhagvatsingh abolished all rates, taxes, customs, octroi, and export duties in the state making Gondal the only state to be tax-free.[15] He not just removed the purdah system for women,[8] but 'Zananas' or restricted women's wing were no longer built in subsequent palaces.[3][9] By 1918, Gondal was the only state in the Western India States Agency to have compulsory education for girls in all villages[10][11] In October 1934, on the 50th anniversary of his accession to the throne he gave his weight in gold to charity.[12] Bhagvatsingh died on 9 March 1944 in his eightieth year after a 75-year reign, cementing his reputation as one of the most progressive monarchs in Indian history.[7] Titles
HonoursBhagvatsingh received numerous honours, both academic and political, through his reign. Here is a full list of his honours and academic degrees: Academic Degrees
HonoursDecorations
Medals
Honorary degrees
Academic societies
Works
References1. ^Salute states 2. ^1 Bhagvatsinghji Sangramsinhji Victoria and Albert Museum. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 The Royal Ark-India-Salute-Gondal 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://edin.ac/2HuWwAD|title=Bhagvat Singh (1865 – 1944)|work=The University of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite thesis |last=Maharaja |first=Bhagvats Singhji |date=1895 |title=History of Aryan medical science |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24115 |language=en |publisher=University of Edinburgh}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 The Royal Ark-India-Salute-Gondal 8. ^Purdah Women TIME, Monday, 24 November 1930. 9. ^Gondal 10. ^1 Gondal Gealogy at Queensland University. 11. ^Education for Girls, Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 11 June 1918. Page 11. 12. ^Gives His Weight in Gold, Chicago Daily Tribune, 21 October 1934. E7 – PART 8. 13. ^Gondal state The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908. v. 12, p. 320 14. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Court Circular|day_of_week=Wednesday |date=28 February 1900 |page_number=7 |issue=36077| }} 15. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/09/02/102096700.pdf Medical Work in India] Dr. William Osler, New York Times, 2 September 1897. 16. ^A Few Things Under the Sun: Vaccination, Anaesthesia, and Antiseptic Surgery Were in Vogue Two Thousand Years Ago. Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago, Ill. 20 December 1896, page 25. "Modern science is robbed of the credit of several of its most boasted discoveries by the revelations made in a remarkable book issued this week from the pen of a learned Indian Prince..."
22 : 1865 births|1944 deaths|People from Rajkot district|20th-century Indian medical doctors|Maharajas of Gujarat|Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India|Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|Indian knights|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians|Recipients of the Empress of India Medal|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Gujarati-language writers|Gujarati people|19th-century Indian medical doctors|19th-century Indian non-fiction writers|20th-century Indian non-fiction writers|Indian medical writers|Indian male writers|Medical doctors from Gujarat|Writers from Gujarat|19th-century British male writers |
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