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According to the website of the Embassy of The Republic of Kazakhstan: In the 17th and 18th Centuries the nomadic Jungar tribes directed by the Chinese Bogdykhans started a large scale war against the Kazakh khanate. However, thanks to the courage of the “batyrs” (knights), the decisiveness of the Kazakh leader Ablai Khan, the diplomatic skills of the Kazakh ‘biys’ (sages) Tole Bi, Kazdausty Kazybek Bi, Aiteke Bi, and self-sacrifice of the people, the Kazakhs escaped total capture and physical annihilation.[3][4] References1. ^Chapter II Common Law Philosophy of the Kazakhs: Potential for Democracy {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102123051/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/IIIC-2/chap-2.htm |date=November 2, 2006 }} Council for Research in Values and Philosophy {{Kazakhstan-gov-stub}}{{CAsia-hist-stub}}2. ^Kazakhstan {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093456/http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=60 |date=March 11, 2007 }} Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church 3. ^Embassy of Kazakhstan - History 4. ^Embassy of Kazakhstan - History 6 : Kazakh Khanate|Government of Kazakhstan|Judges|Legal professions|Law enforcement|Positions of authority |
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