| 词条 | Blackburn Twin Blackburn | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Blackburn TB (for "Twin Blackburn") was one of the most specialized aircraft ever constructed – a long-range twin-engined anti-Zeppelin seaplane. It was Blackburn's first multi-engine aircraft to fly. Design and developmentThe first attacks by German bombing airships on the United Kingdom in the winter of 1914–15 resulted in the British Admiralty issuing a requirement for a two-seat aircraft with long endurance to attack Zeppelins by dropping incendiary Ranken darts onto the airships in the hope of igniting their gas envelopes, with an order for nine Blackburn TBs being placed in March 1915.[1] The TB was a seaplane with twin fuselages, situated 10 ft (3.35 m) apart, with the pilot in one fuselage and the observer in the other, having no means of communication other than hand signals.[2] Each of the twin fuselages was a wooden structure with fabric covering, with a tractor engine in front of each fuselage.[2] It had fabric-covered, wooden unstaggered, unswept and unequal-span wings. The upper wing extension was wire braced to steel pylons above the wing. The Blackburn had ailerons on the upper wings only.[2][3] Although it was intended that the TB would be powered by two 150 hp (112 kW) Smith Static radial engines, which promised low weight and good fuel consumption, these proved to be unsatisfactory, and 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 had to be substituted, this allowing the first aircraft to fly in August 1915.[4] Testing showed that the two Gnome engines gave insufficient power, with the aircraft being unable to climb above 8,000 ft (2,438 m) carrying the required three canisters of 24 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken darts. The weapon load was therefore reduced to two canisters.[2] The ninth (and final) TB was fitted with 110 hp (80 kW) Clerget engines with the hope of improving performance. This modification was found to have little effect.[2] Operational historySeven TBs were delivered to the Royal Naval Air Service. They did not see much action, four serving for a short time at RNAS Killingholme in 1917.[2] All seven, together with the remaining two that were held in store, were broken up in 1917.[5] Operators
Specifications (TB){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The British Bomber since 1914 [2] |crew=Two |capacity= |length main= 36 ft 6 in |length alt= 11.13 m |span main= 60 ft 6 in |span alt= 18.45 m |height main= 13 ft 6 in |height alt= 4.12 m |area main= 585 ft² |area alt= 54.4 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 2,310 lb |empty weight alt= 1,050 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 3,500 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 1,591 kg |more general= |engine (prop)=Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 |type of prop=rotary engine |number of props=2 |power main= 100 hp |power alt= 75 kW |power original= |max speed main= 75 kn |max speed alt= 86 mph, 138 km/h |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight |power/mass alt= |more performance=*Endurance: 4 hours
|armament=3 × canisters, each with 24 × 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken incendiary darts (intended) |avionics= }} References1. ^Mason 1994, p. 42. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Mason 1994, p. 43. 3. ^Jackson 1968, p. 94. 4. ^Mason 1994, pp. 42–43. 5. ^Jackson 1968, pp 96–97. Sources
External links{{commons category|Blackburn Aircraft}}
8 : Blackburn aircraft|British fighter aircraft 1910–1919|Floatplanes|Twin-fuselage aircraft|Twin-engined tractor aircraft|Rotary-engined aircraft|Biplanes|Aircraft first flown in 1915 |
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