| 词条 | 2006 Commonwealth Games | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| Name = XVIII Commonwealth Games | Logo = 2006_Commonwealth_Games_Logo.svg | Size = 200px | Host city = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia | Optional caption = | Nations participating = 71[1] | Athletes participating = 4071 [2] | Events = 245 in 17 sports | Opening ceremony = 15 March | Closing ceremony = 26 March | Officially opened by = Elizabeth II | Officially closed by = Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex | Athlete's Oath = Adam Pine | Queen's Baton = John Landy | Stadium = Melbourne Cricket Ground | Motto = United by the moment | previous = XVII | next = XIX }}{{2006 Commonwealth Games}} The 2006 Commonwealth Games, officially the XVIII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Melbourne 2006, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006. It was the fourth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games. It was also the largest sporting event to be staged in Melbourne, eclipsing the 1956 Summer Olympics in terms of the number of teams competing, athletes competing, and events being held. More than 4,000 athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event.[3] Zimbabwe withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation on 8 December 2003 and so did not participate in the event.[4] With 245 sets of medals, the games featured 17 Commonwealth sports. These sporting events took place at 13 venues in the host city, two venues in Bendigo and one venue each in Ballarat, Geelong, Lysterfield Park and Traralgon.[5] The site for the opening and closing ceremonies was the Melbourne Cricket Ground which was also used during 1956 Summer Olympics.[6] The mascot for the games was Karak, a red-tailed black cockatoo (a threatened species).[7] The official song of the games, "Together We Are One", was composed by the ARIA awardee Australian recording artist Delta Goodrem. During the closing ceremony of the games, President of the Commonwealth Games Federation Mike Fennell declared to the crowd "Melbourne, you are simply the best".[8] For the first time in the history of the Commonwealth Games, the Queen's Baton visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 km (112,500 miles). The relay ended when the Governor of Victoria, and former Commonwealth Games medallist, John Landy delivered the baton to Her Majesty the Queen at the Melbourne Cricket Ground during the opening ceremony.[9] The host nation Australia topped the medal table for the fifth time in the past five Commonwealth Games, winning the most golds (84) and most medals overall (221). England and Canada finished second and third respectively.[10] Host selectionDuring the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, two cities initially expressed interest in hosting the event; Melbourne, Australia and Wellington, New Zealand. Wellington withdrew its bid, citing the costs involved with matching the bid plan presented by Melbourne, which became the default host without members of the Federation going to vote.[11][12]
Preparation and developmentVenuesThe following venues were used at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The sport(s) that were played at that venue are listed after it.[5] Melbourne venues
Regional and suburban venues
CostEarly concerns arose about the large cost of staging the Games, with projected costs likely to be over AUD 1 billion and a high likelihood the Victorian taxpayer would have to cover the expense. The cost was described in some local media as excessive. National Party leader Peter Ryan said that the Labor government should win "gold (medal) for burning money".[13] However, not all of this money was wasted. The actual costs for hosting the games was AUD 1.144 billion and prior to the Games, accountants at KPMG were estimating that the gross income generated by this event could be as high as AUD 1.5 billion. DevelopmentMelbourne's premier sporting ground, the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), was redeveloped in preparation for the Games. An athlete's village in the inner suburb of Parkville housed approximately 7,000 athletes and support staff during the Games, and has been transformed into commercial housing with a distinctly eco-friendly image. The creation of this village attracted controversy, with critics claiming it was created by alienating public parkland, while proponents maintained that it represented the renewal of an otherwise derelict inner-city area.[14] The change from Daylight Saving Time to Standard Time in Australian states that follow it was delayed from 26 March to 2 April for 2006 to avoid affecting the games. In addition, state and private schools amended their usual term times so as to allow the first term holidays to coincide with the Games.[15] Melbourne's public transport system – train, tram and bus – ran to altered timetables with some amended or substituted services for the duration of the Games. For the most part, timetabled services were unchanged but suffered due to higher loads.[16] For the first time ever, the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games appointed a Goodwill Partner, Plan International Australia.[17] Participating teamsThere were 71 countries, territories and bodies competing at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.[18] The only difference between the 2006 games and the 2002 games was the absence of Zimbabwe, which withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations.
Calendar{{2006 Commonwealth Games Calendar}}Sports{{main|Events at the 2006 Commonwealth Games}}The 2006 Commonwealth Games included 17 sports, with 12 individual sports and 4 team sports. In total there are 245 events at the Games.{{Col-begin|width=65%}}{{Col-3}}
Opening ceremony{{main|2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony}}Both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the Yarra River were centrepieces for the ceremony, which included many fireworks, and other spectacle. The Games were opened by Elizabeth II, in her capacity as Head of the Commonwealth. The Queen is also Head of State of a number of Commonwealth countries. Closing ceremony{{main|2006 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony}}Both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the Yarra River were again centrepieces for the ceremony. Samresh Jung of India was given the David Dixon Award at the closing ceremony. He was the "Best Athlete of the 18th Commonwealth Games". The games were closed by The Earl of Wessex, Prince Edward. Medal table{{main|2006 Commonwealth Games medal table}}{{Medals table| caption = | host = AUS | flag_template = flaglink | event = at the 2006 Commonwealth Games | team = | gold_AUS = 84 | silver_AUS = 69 | bronze_AUS = 69 | host_AUS = yes | gold_ENG = 36 | silver_ENG = 40 | bronze_ENG = 34 | gold_CAN = 26 | silver_CAN = 29 | bronze_CAN = 31 | gold_IND = 22 | silver_IND = 17 | bronze_IND = 11 | gold_RSA = 12 | silver_RSA = 13 | bronze_RSA = 13 | gold_SCO = 11 | silver_SCO = 7 | bronze_SCO = 11 | gold_JAM = 10 | silver_JAM = 4 | bronze_JAM = 8 | gold_MAS = 7 | silver_MAS = 12 | bronze_MAS = 10 | gold_NZL = 6 | silver_NZL = 12 | bronze_NZL = 14 | gold_KEN = 6 | silver_KEN = 5 | bronze_KEN = 7 }} Broadcasting
MarketingLogoThe logo of the 2006 Commonwealth Games is an image of 2 figures, which represents sport and culture, achievement and excellence, while the colours green, yellow, and red represents celebratory, fresh and youthfully optimistic character of Melbourne city. The two figures in the logo joined together to form a letter M, which is the initial letter of Melbourne, the games host city.[27] MascotKarak was the mascot for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. He was modelled on a red-tailed black cockatoo, a threatened species within the host country, Australia.[28][29]Sponsors{{collapse top |title=Sponsors of the 2006 Commonwealth Games[30]}}Official Partners{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
Official Sponsors{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
Official Providers{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
ControversiesMissing athletesOn 20 March 2006 it was reported that two athletes had gone missing from the Commonwealth Games village: Tanzanian boxer Omari Idd Kimweri and Bangladeshi runner Mohammad Tawhidul Islam.[31][32] On 22 March 2006 it was reported that seven athletes from Sierra Leone (three women and four men) had also disappeared. A further seven Sierra Leonean athletes also went missing during the course of the Games, bringing the total runaway count to fourteen (two-thirds of the team). Victoria Police believed that they had fled to Sydney where the Sierra Leonean community is much larger than Melbourne's. Two hours before the Closing Ceremony on 26 March, officials from the Cameroon team reported to police that nine of their members had also vanished. These incidents were not without precedent: 27 athletes similarly disappeared from the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England (21 from Sierra Leone, 5 from Bangladesh and one from Pakistan), and over 80 athletes and officials overstayed their visas after the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.[33] On request of Sierra Leone officials, the Commonwealth Games Federation cancelled those athletes' Games accreditation, allowing the Australian Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (DIMA) to cancel their visas at midnight on 27 March, and begin investigating their disappearance. {{wikinews|Australia grants temporary asylum to 12 Commonwealth Games athletes}}At 7.20 am on that day, New South Wales Police located six of the Sierra Leonean athletes in a house at Freshwater near Manly Beach in Sydney. All six indicated they wished to seek political asylum in Australia, and were granted bridging visas by DIMA while their refugee applications were arranged. The athletes claimed to have been subjected to violence and torture in their home country; seventeen-year-old Isha Conteh stated she could be forced into female genital cutting if she returned.[34] On Tuesday 28 March, six further Sierra Leoneans turned themselves in to immigration authorities in Sydney and were also granted bridging visas.[35] Two of the missing Cameroonian athletes were later found in Perth, Western Australia. The Stolenwealth GamesThe Stolenwealth Games were protests at the 1982 and 2006 Commonwealth Games. People were protesting because they believed that the Commonwealth Games lead to the erasure of indigenous people.[36] There were also problems with land rights. These protests lead to the creation of the Global Indigenous Games. References1. ^The four Home Nations of the United Kingdom — England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland — send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games, as do the three Crown Dependencies — Jersey, the Isle of Man and Guernsey — and 9 of the 14 British Overseas Territories. The Cook Islands and Niue, non-sovereign territories in free association with New Zealand also compete separately. There are thus 53 members of the Commonwealth of Nations, but 71 competing teams at the Commonwealth Games. 2. ^{{cite book|title=1911-2010 Australia at the Commonwealth Games: Delhi 2010 XIX Commonwealth Games 3-14 October|date=2010|publisher=Australian Commonwealth Games Association|location=Melbourne|isbn=0958019010|page=111}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006|title=Melbourne 2006|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=2018-05-01}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/zimbabwe/1448864/Zimbabwe-quits-Commonwealth-over-suspension.html|title=Zimbabwe quits Commonwealth over suspension|last=Editor|first=Anton La Guardia, Diplomatic|date=2003-12-08|access-date=2018-05-01|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Sports+and+Venues/Venue+Statistics/|title=M2006 > Sports and Venues > Venue Statistics|website=m2006.thecgf.com|access-date=2018-05-01}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Sports+and+Venues/Venue+Locations/By+Venue/Melbourne+Cricket+Ground+(MCG)/|title=M2006 > Sports and Venues > Venue Locations > Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)|website=m2006.thecgf.com|access-date=2018-05-01}} 7. ^M2006 > Karak the Mascot > Display {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627093001/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Karak%2Bthe%2BMascot/Karak%2Bthe%2BMascot.htm |date=27 June 2006 }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/Sport/Melburnians-celebrate-at-Games-close/2006/03/26/1143330933415.html|title=Games farewelled with spectacular party - Breaking News - Sport - Breaking News|website=smh.com.au|language=en|access-date=2018-05-02}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://qbr.m2006.thecgf.com/?s=qbr|title=M2006 > Queen's Baton Relay|website=qbr.m2006.thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-01}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Schedule+and+Results/Medals|title=M2006 > Schedule and Results > Medals|website=m2006.thecgf.com|access-date=2018-05-01}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES: Melbourne looks set to host 2006 Commonwealth Games|publisher=The Independent|date=1999-04-11}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice|author=edited by John Nauright & Charles Parrish|page=371|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/commonwealth-games-spending-within-budget/2006/09/14/1157827093063.html|title=Commonwealth Games spending within budget - National - theage.com.au|website=theage.com.au|language=en|access-date=2018-05-02}} 14. ^Battlelines drawn as Parkville site chosen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104062149/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/23/1034561548343.html |date=4 November 2012 }} 15. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050616111614/http://www.det.vic.gov.au/det/schooled/schooldates.htm|date=16 June 2005}} 16. ^Public Transport {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129125746/http://www.theage.com.au/news/commonwealth-games/the-city/2006/03/28/1143441133896.html |date=29 November 2012 }} 17. ^Plan Australia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119103845/http://www.plan.org.au/contents/aboutus/GoodwillPartner.asp |date=19 January 2007 }} 18. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050622090721/http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/GamesInfo/UpcomingGames/2006/CompetingCountries.htm|date=22 June 2005}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportcal.com/News/PressReleases/92961?sportID=137&size=50&sportID=137&size=50|title=TWI Wins Contract to Host Broadcast Commonwealth Games {{!}} News {{!}} Sportcal|website=sportcal.com|access-date=2018-04-29}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/tv--radio/nine-wins-sunday-with-games-closing-ceremony/2006/03/27/1143330968554.html|title=Nine wins Sunday with Games closing ceremony - TV & Radio - Entertainment|website=smh.com.au|language=en|access-date=2018-04-29}} 21. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/4719492.stm|title=Melbourne coverage {{!}} BBC|last=|first=|date=2006-03-01|work=|access-date=2018-04-29|language=en-GB}} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://pedalmag.com/cbc-sports-commonwealth-games-schedule/|title=CBC Sports Commonwealth Games Schedule {{!}} Pedal Magazine|date=2006-01-24|work=Pedal Magazine|access-date=2018-04-29|language=en-US}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Commonwealth-Games/Blow-to-Games-prestige/2005/03/24/1111525290735.html|title=Blow to Games prestige - Commonwealth Games - http://www.theage.com.au|website=theage.com.au|language=en|access-date=2018-04-29}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportcal.com/News/PressReleases/92848|title=TVNZ To Broadcast The Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games In New Zealand {{!}} News {{!}} Sportcal|website=sportcal.com|access-date=2018-04-29}} 25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/TV/Prasar-Bharati-bags-broadcast-rights-for-2006-Commonwealth-Games_18979.html|title=Prasar Bharati bags broadcast rights for 2006 Commonwealth Games|work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=2018-04-29|language=en-US}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cablebahamas.com/cable-bahamas-brings-the-xviii-commonwealth-games-to-bahamians-on-cable-12/|title=Cable Bahamas brings the XVIII Commonwealth Games to Bahamians on Cable 12|last=|first=|date=|website=cablebahamas|access-date=}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Media+Centre/Newsletter/Newsletter+Issue+6+June+2003.htm|title=M2006 > Media Centre > Newsletter > Display}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Karak+the+Mascot/Karak+the+Mascot.htm|title=mascot}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Media+Centre/Newsletter/Newsletter+Issue+7+April+2004.htm|title=Games mascot unveiled}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://m2006.thecgf.com/Getting+Involved/Sponsorship|title=M2006 > Getting Involved > Sponsorship|website=m2006.thecgf.com|access-date=2018-05-01}} 31. ^{{cite news | first=Ellen | last=Whinnett |url=http://heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,18556695%255E2862,00.html | title=Mystery of missing athletes | work=Herald Sun | date=22 March 2006}} 32. ^{{cite news |url=http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=sportsNews&storyID=2006-03-23T042811Z_01_SYD317188_RTRUKOC_0_US-COMMONWEALTH-MISSING.xml&archived=False | title=Nine athletes vanish from Commonwealth Games | work=Reuters | date=22 March 2006}}{{dead link|date=July 2014}} 33. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4835826.stm | title=Athletes 'go missing from Games' | work=BBC News Online | date=23 March 2006}} 34. ^ABC {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306071745/http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2006/s1602299.htm |date=6 March 2016 }} 35. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/visas-for-second-group-of-athletes/2006/03/28/1143441127017.html | title=Visas for second group of athletes | work=The Age | date=28 March 2006}} 36. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|last=Latimore|first=Jack|date=2018-04-08|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-11-03}} External links{{Commons category|2006 Commonwealth Games}}
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