| 词条 | Brian Charlesworth |
| 释义 |
|name = Brian Charlesworth |image = |image_size =150px |caption = Brian Charlesworth | birth_name = Brian Charlesworth |birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|04|29}}[1] |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = British |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = Evolutionary biology |work_institutions = {{plainlist |
|alma_mater = University of Cambridge (BA, PhD) |doctoral_advisor = | thesis_title = Genetic variation in viability in drosophila melanogaster | thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451209 | thesis_year = 1968 |doctoral_students = | notable_students = Gilean McVean (postdoc)[2][3] |known_for = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = {{Plainlist|
|religion = |footnotes = |signature = | spouse = {{marriage|Deborah Maltby|1967}} | children = 1 daughter }} Brian Charlesworth {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSE}} (born 29 April 1945)[1] is a British evolutionary biologist at the University of Edinburgh,[5] and editor of Biology Letters. Since 1997, he has been Royal Society Research Professor at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IEB) in Edinburgh.[6][7][8][9] EducationCharlesworth gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences from Queens' College, Cambridge,[1] followed by a PhD in genetics in 1969 for research into genetic variation in viability in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.[10] CareerFollowing his PhD, Charlesworth did postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago, University of Liverpool 1971–1974 and the University of Sussex under John Maynard Smith[11][12] 1974–82. He returned to Chicago, to be professor of ecology and evolution from 1985 to 1997 after which he moved to Edinburgh.[5] ResearchCharlesworth has worked extensively on understanding sequence evolution,[13] using the fruit fly as a model species, and has also contributed theoretical work on aging, the evolution of recombination and the evolution of sex chromosomes.[14] In April 2010, the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B was dedicated to honour Brian's contribution to the field of population genetics.[15] Awards and honoursCharlesworth was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1991,[16] and won its Darwin Medal in 2000. He won the 2006 Frink Medal, of the Zoological Society of London and in 2010 was awarded the Darwin-Wallace Medal of the Linnean Society. His nomination for the Royal Society reads: {{centered pull quote|Distinguished for his theoretical and experimental studies of population genetics and evolutionary biology. He extended the theory of selection in age-structured populations which provides the genetical foundation for the study of the evolution of life-history patterns and ageing, and demonstrated experimentally genetic variation in such traits. He made major contributions to the theory of the related topics of selection for the rate of genetic recombination, the evolution of complexes of tightly linked genes and the evolution of separate sexes and outbreeding, and showed experimentally that recombination rates could be changed by selection. He has developed a theory for the population dynamics of transposable genetic elements which provide standard models for the analysis and interpretation of data on transposable element frequencies.[16]}} In 2015, the Genetics Society of America awarded Charlesworth its Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal. This award is give to recognize "lifetime achievement in the field of genetics. It recognizes the full body of work of an exceptional geneticist," according to the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal webpage. Personal lifeCharlesworth is married to Deborah Charlesworth (née Maltby) in 1967, and has one daughter. References1. ^1 2 {{Who's Who | surname = CHARLESWORTH | othernames = Prof. Brian | id = U10676 | volume = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}} {{FRS 1991}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Charlesworth, Brian}}2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Charlesworth | first1 = D. | last2 = Charlesworth | first2 = B. | last3 = McVean | first3 = G. | title = Genome sequences and evolutionary biology, a two-way interaction | journal = Trends in Ecology & Evolution | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 235–242 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11301152 | doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02126-7}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 10835411| pmc = 1461092| year = 2000| last1 = McVean| first1 = G. A.| title = The effects of Hill-Robertson interference between weakly selected mutations on patterns of molecular evolution and variation| journal = Genetics| volume = 155| issue = 2| pages = 929–44| last2 = Charlesworth| first2 = B}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 17209244| year = 2007| last1 = Lande| first1 = R| title = 2006 Sewall Wright Award. Brian Charlesworth| journal = The American Naturalist| volume = 169| issue = 1| page = iii| doi = 10.1086/510731}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/biology/evolutionary-biology/staff-profiles?id=bcharles&cw_xml=research_profile.php |title=Brian Charlesworth at the University of Edinburgh |date=2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archivedate=2015-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109143534/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/biology/evolutionary-biology/staff-profiles?id=bcharles&cw_xml=research_profile.php}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 25564667| pmc = 4330764| year = 2015| author1 = Viegas| first1 = J| title = Profile of Brian Charlesworth| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 112| issue = 6| pages = 1652–3| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1423862112}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511525711| title = Evolution in Age-Structured Populations| year = 1994| last1 = Charlesworth | first1 = B. | isbn = 9780511525711}} 8. ^Evolution: A Very Short Introduction (with Deborah Charlesworth) Oxford University Press {{ISBN|0-19-280251-8}} 9. ^Elements of Evolutionary Genetics (with Deborah Charlesworth) {{ISBN|978-0-9815194-2-5}} 10. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Brian|last=Charlesworth |title=Genetic variation in viability in drosophila melanogaster |publisher=University of Cambridge |date=1969 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451209}} 11. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Charlesworth | first1 = B. | authorlink1 = Brian Charlesworth| last2 = Harvey | first2 = P. | authorlink2 = Paul H. Harvey| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2005.0016 | title = John Maynard Smith. 6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004: Elected F.R.S. 1977 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 253–265 | year = 2005 }} 12. ^{{cite journal| pmid = 15579672| pmc = 1448785 | volume=168 | title=Anecdotal, historical and critical commentaries on genetics. John Maynard Smith: January 6, 1920 – April 19, 2004| date=November 2004| journal=Genetics| pages=1105–9}} 13. ^{{Scopus|id=23045968300}} 14. ^"Evolution - the Molecular Landscape Interview with BRIAN CHARLESWORTH interviewed by Matt Ridley" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109162347/http://www.scivee.tv/node/11692 |date=9 January 2015 }}, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 23 June 2009 15. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Loewe | first1 = L. | last2 = Hill | first2 = B. | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2009.0319 | title = Mutations and Brian Charlesworth | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 365 | issue = 1544 | pages = 1151–1151 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = 2871825}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1991%2F08%27) |title=EC/1991/08: Charlesworth, Brian |publisher=The Royal Society |archivedate=9 January 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VSDk05B5?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=%28RefNo%3D%3D%27EC%2F1991%2F08%27%29 |location=London |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9 : 1945 births|Living people|Evolutionary biologists|British biologists|Population geneticists|Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge|Academics of the University of Edinburgh|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |
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