1. Incomplete and damaged bridges
    Belgium  Canada  China  Czech Republic  France  Germany  Hungary  India  Indonesia   Italy   New Zealand  Norway  Philippines  Russia  Slovakia  Spain   Taiwan   United Kingdom  England  Scotland  United States 

2. Bridges to unpopulated or low-population areas
    Canada  Malta  Russia  United States 

3. Obsolete bridges and approaches

4. See also

5. References

A bridge to nowhere is a bridge where one or both ends are broken or incomplete and does not lead anywhere. If it is an overpass or an interchange, the term overpass to nowhere or interchange to nowhere may be used respectively.^[2][3] There are three main origins for these bridges:

• The bridge was never completed for reasons such as cost or disputed property rights.
• One or both of the bridge's ends have collapsed or have been destroyed – e.g., by earthquake, storm, flood, or war.
• The bridge is no longer used, but was not demolished because of the cost; for example, the bridges on an abandoned railway line.

Further, the term "bridge to nowhere" may be used by political opponents to describe a bridge (or proposed bridge) that serves low-population areas at high cost, a symbol of pork barrel spending.^[4]

Incomplete and damaged bridges

Belgium

• Rue Emile Pathé/Emile Pathéstraat in Forest/Vorst, Brussels ({{coord| 50.7996|N| 4.3067|E|}}), was originally intended to be part of the southern arc of the R0 Brussels motorway ring, which was never built owing to opposition from local residents. It now functions mostly as a car park.

Canada

• Port Nelson Bridge, an isolated rail bridge located near Port Nelson, Manitoba. The connecting rail line was never finished due to labour and material shortages, a lack of financial or political support, and high cost. The envisioned port was also a poor design and was found to require excessive dredging due to significant sand bars. The project was greatly criticized by several politicians, the media (calling it a "gigantic blunder"), and even the project's chief engineer.^[5]

China

• Yalu River Broken Bridge in Dandong. The south span was destroyed during the Korean War.
• New Yalu River Bridge in Dandong. The $330 million bridge was completed in 2015, but on the North Korean side it is not connected to the road network.^[6]
• Nandu River Iron Bridge in Hainan is a partially collapsed, steel truss bridge over the Nandu River. It was built by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In October 2000, flooding caused the collapse of the western part of the bridge, leaving three trusses.

Czech Republic

• The Borovsko Bridge, an unfinished motorway bridge from 1930s near Borovsko, part of Bernartice municipality, Central Bohemian Region.
• There are several bridges to nowhere, started to be built as a part of extraterritorial highway Vienna-Wrocław (so-called "Hitler's highway"), which remain unfinished and unconnected to the road network.

France

• Pont Saint-Bénézet in Avignon over the Rhône river. Several arches were broken by flood in the middle of the 17th century.
• The viaduc du Caramel and viaduc du Carei of the former tramway line from Menton to Sospel
• The jetée from the Grande Arche de La Défense to the U Arena in Nanterre. Its final stairs are not to be completed.

Germany

The colloquial name for a bridge to nowhere in Germany is "Soda-Brücke" (a pun on "so da" = "just there"). Many of the bridges were built in the 1970s as part of the Autobahn network, but the oil crisis and rising environmental consciousness slowed many highway extensions.

• The Bundesautobahn 66 had a bridge near Ahl (Bad Soden-Salmünster) built in 1966 that was not connected until 1994.
• The bridge near Euskirchen was planned to be part of Autobahn 56. Construction was stopped, and the existing parts of the highway were renamed Bundesautobahn 562. ({{coord|50|40|39|N|6|44|54|E|type:landmark_region:DE|name=Soda-Brücke}})
• The bridge near Merklinde, a suburb of Castrop-Rauxel, was to be part of the B245 expressway and the "New Hellweg". The bridge was completed in 1978 but was never connected. ({{coord| 51.5374|N| 7.3391|E|type:landmark_region:DE|name=Soda-Brücke}})
• The Schänzlebrücke in Konstanz was built 1975 but not connected until 2007. ({{coord|47.6701|N|9.1630|E|type:landmark_region:DE|name=Soda-Brücke}})

Hungary

• A former railway bridge sits over the Váci út in Budapest. Its rail line was disconnected in the early 90s, and the east side of the bridge was demolished to make room for new construction. ({{coord|47.554984|19.075610|type:landmark_region:HU}}) A second bridge sits over a minor road on the same rail line to the southwest, and the former station is now a parking lot.

India

• Broken bridge, located in Chennai, South India, partly collapsed due to strong currents of the river in the year 1977 and has never been repaired.

Indonesia

• An unused double-track concrete railway bridge over Ngaglik street in Surabaya. It was originally built for a proposed railway line that would connect Gubeng and Pasar Turi station on an elevated line. Due to economic crisis in the 1930s, which was followed by the Second World War, and lastly the Indonesian National Revolution, the project was never completed; the bridge stood as testimony of the forgotten project. ({{coord| 7|14|56|S| 112|45|11|E|type:landmark_region:ID|name=Ngaglik-Viaduct}})

Italy

• The Pons Aemilius in Rome

New Zealand

• The Bridge to Nowhere, built in 1936, is an isolated 40-metre road bridge over the Mangapurua Stream in Whanganui National Park, North Island.

Norway

• Eintveit Bridge, a 25-metre-long two-lane road bridge in Etne municipality in Hordaland county, was completed in 1962 and was intended to be part of a road on the northwestern side of Åkrafjorden. But the road was never built, and the bridge has remained unused except occasionally by hikers. In 2014 broadcaster NRK organized the "opening" of the bridge. Two cars were flown in by helicopter and then drove across the bridge.^[7][8]

Philippines

• The Loboc Bridge in the town of Loboc, Bohol. A steel and concrete bridge which commenced construction in the 1970s but was left unfinished allegedly due to opposition from the Loboc parishioners since the bridge might destroy the 400-year old Loboc Church.^[9]

Russia

• A two-lane vehicle bridge in Pavlovsky Posad, completed in 2011, continues the minor Vachevskaya Street in the west across the Vokhna River. In the east, there is a dead end, as no vehicle road has been built there, with only a footpath branching off to another street. The bridge may become integrated into traffic once a new road tunnel under railway is completed nearby, and together they would replace a problematic level crossing.^[10] The bridge was open for vehicle traffic in July 2015.^[11]

• A two-lane vehicle bridge in Porozovo, completed at the end of the 20th century. ({{coord|57.5042|42.0859}})

Slovakia

• Viaduct in Kopráš, a never-used railway viaduct in the village of Kopráš near the town of Jelšava in south Slovakia. The viaduct is 120 m long and 40 m high. It was finished in 1945 but was never used, because the railway to the viaduct was never completed due to the events of World War II.^[12] Next to the viaduct are two finished tunnels without any connection to railways. The tunnel near the village of Slavošovce is 2800 m long, and the tunnel near Kopráš is 350 m long. These tunnels to nowhere were also never used, because railway construction ended in 1948 before its completion.^[13]

Spain

• Bridge to Nowhere in San Martín de la Vega (built 1933, originally projected in 1926). It was damaged in March 1947 after severe flooding, and it was never repaired. Nowadays only a few sections of it stay in place, and the surroundings are now a recreational site.^[14] ({{coord|40.230249|-3.544043}})

Taiwan

• The Longteng Bridge was a brick arch bridge in Sanyi Township that carried the TRA Old Mountain Line. The 1935 Shinchiku-Taichū Earthquake caused all arches to fall, leaving behind the piers. The 1999 Jiji Earthquake further damaged the piers, which made the government preserve the ruins as a monument to the two earthquakes. It is currently a popular tourist attraction, especially during tung flower season in April to May.

United Kingdom

England

• Bewley Street Footbridge, in Colliers Wood, London, constructed in 2007, was blocked off at one end due to a dispute over the cost of building an access ramp.^[15] The ramp was finally completed in June 2015 and renamed "Gam Gurung Bridge" after a local councillor.^[16]
• Duddeston Viaduct, a railway viaduct in Birmingham commonly known as the "Viaduct to Nowhere", built as a through route in 1846 but never used as such due to inter-company politics.^[17]
• The Lichfield Canal Aqueduct built in 2003 in anticipation of the eventual restoration of the Lichfield Canal over the M6 Toll in Staffordshire.
• The Mancunian Way – the A57(M) – in Manchester has a length of unused slip road {{coord|53.4720|N|2.2362|W|scale:5000|display=inline}}) blocked off by a traffic sign, after modifications to local streets to accept traffic from the road (A34) were not carried out.^[18]
• Unknown bridge with unused slip road over the A120 east of Colchester, Essex ^[19] {{coord|51.8916|N|1.0117|E|scale:5000|display=inline}}
• Barracks Road and Calvalry Street bridges north of Westway in Burnley, Lancashire, cross the East Lancashire railway line and were stopped up at both ends to enable construction of the M65 in 1981.
• An abandoned highway bridge at {{coord|51.279002|-0.154646|scale:5000|display=inline}}. It was planned for the M23 to extended further north from its abrupt ending as part of the London Ringways scheme. Some of the southern end is still accessible and used as a depot for highway maintenance, but most of it is fenced off, notably when the A23 and open M23 pass under wide bridges.
• One part of the Borough Road, Birkenhead A5227 flyover adjoining to Queensway Tunnel is incomplete.

Scotland

• M8 Bridge to Nowhere, two separate bridges over the M8 motorway in Glasgow: one eventually had an office block constructed on it; the other, originally built in the 1970s, remained unfinished until July 2013.

United States

• Arboretum "ghost ramps" (built 1960s), a set of ramps and bridges south of Marsh Island near Portage Bay in Seattle that were intended to be an interchange from Washington State Route 520 and the proposed R. H. Thomson Expressway. When plans for the expressway were scrapped following a citizens' freeway revolt, the interchange ramps and bridges remained in place and are mostly unused. On January 31, 2013, Washington state announced that the ghost ramps would be removed sometime between 2014 and 2016.^[20] They were finally demolished in 2017, despite calls to preserve them in memory of the protests that cancelled the expressway project.^[21]
• Big Four Bridge (built 1895), a {{convert|770|m|ft|adj=on|order=flip}} single-track railroad bridge over the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky, which was abandoned in 1968 and had both its approach spans removed and sold for scrap the following year. In February 2013, the bridge was reopened on one end for pedestrian and bicycle traffic.^[22] In May 2014, the Jeffersonville, Indiana, ramp opened, allowing pedestrians and cyclists to travel between downtown Jeffersonville and Waterfront Park in Louisville.^[23]
• Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) (built 1936), an isolated road bridge over the San Gabriel River in southern California. The connecting road was never built. The bridge is a popular destination for hikers.
• Fort Duquesne Bridge (built 1963), a road bridge over the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which ended mid-air until the ramps were completed in 1969.
• Miles Glacier Bridge (built 1910), also known as the "Million Dollar Bridge", was converted from railroad use to motor vehicle use and located at the northern end of the unfinished Copper River Highway near Cordova, Alaska. Construction stopped in 1964 when an earthquake damaged the {{convert|472|m|ft|adj=on|order=flip}} bridge. Although since repaired and reopened, the bridge is nonetheless currently of limited utility due to damage along other points of the route.
• Hoan Bridge (built 1973), a {{convert|3|km|mi|adj=on|order=flip|0}} road bridge over the Milwaukee River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which was unused until access roads were completed in 1977, was lacking freeway connections at the southern end until 1998, and was "going nowhere again" for two months while closed for major repairs after a span partially collapsed in December 2000.
• Luten Bridge (built 1925), also known as "Mebane Bridge" or "Mebane's Bridge", is a road bridge over the Dan River in Rockingham County on the outskirts of the town of Eden, North Carolina, which was at the center of the landmark Luten Bridge Co. vs. Rockingham County lawsuit that made jurisprudence in 1929 when the contractor continued work on it well after the contract to build it was rescinded and subsequently sued to be reimbursed for this work.
• Pier 19 (demolished 2012) of a proposed second span of the Ambassador Bridge connecting Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, Michigan. No second span had ever been approved for this privately owned bridge, largely because the proposal would dump excessive traffic onto Windsor city surface streets, but its owners built ramps for the proposed span in an attempt to counter an internationally supported proposal for a Detroit River International Crossing to the Windsor-Essex Parkway further downriver.^[24] The unauthorized ramp was removed in 2012 by court order.^[25]
• An interchange on US 160 southeast of Durango, Colorado completed in November 2011.^[26] The bridge was intended to connect to a relocated US 550, but disputes arose over the new US 550 alignment's potential effect on wetlands, archaeological sites, and property fragmentation.^[27] The Colorado Department of Transportation signed an agreement with the Federal Highway Administration in spring 2015 regarding the final alignment of US 550, and is now seeking construction funding.^[28]
• The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge bicycle and pedestrian path was opened in September 2013, but was only connected on the Oakland end of the bridge. In October 2016, the connection to Yerba Buena Island was opened, but as of 2018 there is no bicycle or pedestrian access across the western portion of the Bay Bridge to San Francisco. ^[29]

Bridges to unpopulated or low-population areas

Canada

• In Jasper National Park, at the outlet of Maligne Lake, there is a bridge that crosses the outlet river and proceeds about 300 meters to a parking lot and several hiking trails and a boat launch. The bridge cost millions of dollars to build and was part of a proposed route through the mountains that was never completed.

Malta

• The St Elmo Bridge leads from the foreshore of Valletta to the breakwater at the entrance of the Grand Harbour. Critics disapproved of the construction cost of €2.8 million and have called it a "bridge to nowhere".^[30][31]

Russia

• The Russky Bridge in Vladivostok was criticised as a "bridge to nowhere", costing about one billion US dollars and serving an island where only 5,000 people live.^[32]
• A four-lane vehicle overpass across the Moscow Ring Road at its 83rd kilometer (sometimes called Molokovsky Overpass) continues the Molokova Street in the Lianozovo District of Moscow outside the city. The Molokova Street is located within a gated community with only local traffic allowed; at the other end, the bridge serves only the Lianozovo Cemetery with a small parking lot next to it, coming to a dead end before a forest. As a result, the overpass only receives significant traffic on prayer for the dead days such as Saturday of Souls.

United States

• Vincent Thomas Bridge (built 1963), a {{convert|1.85|km|mi|adj=on|order=flip}} road bridge over Los Angeles Harbor in California, originally dubbed a "bridge to nowhere" that later became a heavily used bridge
• In 1998, the Admiral Clarey Bridge connected Ford Island to the Kamehameha Highway and was called the "Bridge to nowhere" because of the considerable costs required to connect 45 families to O'ahu.^[33]
• In 2005, the United States Congress passed an omnibus spending bill that contained a $442 million earmark for constructing two Alaskan bridges. Pushed forward by Alaska Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, the Gravina Island Bridge was intended to provide a link between the Ketchikan airport on Gravina Island and the city of Ketchikan at a cost of $233 million in federal grant money. It received nationwide attention as a symbol of pork-barrel spending. Since Gravina Island only had a population of 50, the bridge became known as the "Bridge to Nowhere" during the run-up to the 2008 presidential election.^[34]
• In 2014, Alaska's longest bridge was completed across the Tanana River at a cost of $187 million. The bridge consists of a {{convert|12|ft|adj=on}} gravel path that connects a gravel spur road off the Richardson Highway near Salcha, Alaska, to the roadless Tanana Flats. The bridge will be almost exclusively for military use with limited access for hunting license holders.^[35] Due to the current lack of infrastructure in the Tanana Flats and the ongoing uncertainty in Department of Defense spending, there may be limited use of the bridge.^[36]

Obsolete bridges and approaches

• Ontario Highway 548 in Canada has a short stub of roadway (with double-yellow line still visible) next to a more recent bridge approach. The former ferry approach is now used as a parking lot for people to go fishing from an island connecting the longer bridge to a shorter bridge to St. Joseph Island.
• The former Bay of Quinte Railway mainline in Napanee (acquired by the now-defunct Canadian Northern Railway in 1910, extended to a Smiths Falls station but abandoned by the late 1970s) still has an Ontario Highway 401 overpass. The rail overpass served a Goodyear tyre factory across the highway until the track was disconnected at Napanee station in 2012; it now goes nowhere. A bascule bridge on the same defunct line crosses the UNESCO-listed Rideau Canal at Smiths Falls, Ontario; that rail bridge sits permanently open but is protected as part of a listed historic site.^[37]
• In the United Arab Emirates, a suspension bridge links Abu Dhabi city and Hodariyat island. The bridge was opened in 2012, but vehicles are not allowed to use it.^[38][39][40] Recently, the approach road has been extended on the island, and a parking lot has been paved. Access to the bridge may open soon.
• CN's Lachine Canal Swing Bridge in Montreal, Canada, an abandoned railway bridge that has been left in the 'open' position in the middle of the Lachine Canal between its successor rail bridge and the Wellington Bridge.^[41]
• McPhaul Suspension Bridge, in Arizona, United States

See also

• Abandoned railway
• Unused highway
• White elephant

References

• Heat (thermodynamics)
• Heat torch
• Heat trace
• Heat transfer fluid
• Heat transfer mechanisms
• Heat transfers
• Heat transport
• Heat Transport
• Heat treat
• Heat Treatment
• Heat treatment (metallurgy)
• Heat vision and jack
• Heat Vision (Heat Vision and Jack)
• Heat Vision & Jack
• Heatwave (comics)
• Heat wave (disambiguation)
• Heatwave (festival)
• Heatwave Holiday
• Heat Wave (Irving Berlin song)
• Heat Wave (Martha and the Vandellas album)
• Heat Wave (Martha and the Vandellas song)
• Heat Wave of 1980
• Heat Wave of 2006 derecho series
• Heat wave of 2006 derecho series
• Heat Wave (Pee-wee's Playhouse)