| 词条 | British Guiana 1c magenta |
| 释义 |
| common_name = British Guiana 1c magenta | image = | country_of_production = British Guiana (now Guyana) | location_of_production = Georgetown | date_of_production = 1856 | nature_of_rarity = Very limited printing | number_in_existence = 1 | face_value = 1c | estimated_value = US$9,480,000 (last sale, 17 June 2014, including buyer's premium)[1][2] }} The British Guiana 1c magenta is regarded by many philatelists as the world's most famous rare stamp.[1][2] It was issued in limited numbers in British Guiana (now Guyana) in 1856, and only one specimen is now known to exist. It is the only major postage stamp ever issued that is not represented in Britain's Royal Philatelic Collection.[3] It is imperforate, printed in black on magenta paper, and it features a sailing ship along with the colony's Latin motto "Damus Petimus Que Vicissim" (We give and expect in return) in the middle. Four thin lines frame the ship. The stamp's country of issue and value in small black upper case lettering in turn surround the frame. With its $9,480,000 sale on 17 June 2014[1][2] to Stuart Weitzman, this item has broken the world record for a single stamp auction price each of the last four times it has been sold.[4] BackgroundThe 1c magenta was part of a series of three definitive stamps issued in 1856 and was intended for use on local newspapers. The other two stamps, a 4c magenta and 4c blue, were intended for letter postage. The issue came about through mischance. An anticipated delivery of stamps by ship did not arrive so the local postmaster, E.T.E. Dalton, authorised printers Joseph Baum and William Dallas, who were the publishers of the Official Gazette newspaper in Georgetown, to print an emergency issue of three stamps. Dalton gave some specifications about the design, but the printer chose to add a ship image of their own design to the stamps. Dalton was not pleased with the end result, and as a safeguard against forgery ordered that all correspondence bearing the stamps be autographed by a post office clerk. This particular stamp was initialled E.D.W. by the clerk E.D. Wight. Description and historyOnly one copy of the 1c stamp is known to exist. It is in used condition and has been cut in an octagonal shape. A signature, in accordance with Dalton's policy, can be seen on the left hand side, along with a heavy postmark. It was discovered in 1873 by a 12-year-old Scottish schoolboy, Louis Vernon Vaughan, in the Guyanese county of Demerara (whose postmark the stamp bears), amongst his uncle's letters. There was no record of it in his stamp catalogue, so he sold it some weeks later for six shillings[1] to a local collector, Neil Ross McKinnon. In 1878 McKinnon's collection was sold to a Liverpool stamp dealer, Thomas Ridpath, for £120.[5] Shortly afterwards, in the same year, Thomas Ridpath sold the 1c to Philipp von Ferrary for about £150.[5] His massive stamp collection was willed to a Berlin museum but following Ferrary's death in 1917 the entire collection was taken by France as war reparations following the end of World War I.[6] Arthur Hind bought it during a series of fourteen auctions in 1922 for over $36,000 (reportedly outbidding three kings, including George V); on 6 April 1922, sale 3, lot 295, the stamp sold for 300,000 franc + 17½% tax (@48 frs. to £1 it was £7,343).[5] On 30 October 1935 it was offered for sale at Harmer Rooke & Co auction 2704, lot 26, where a bid of £7,500 was received from Percival Loines Pemberton. However the lot was withdrawn and returned to Mrs. Scala (formerly Mrs. Hind).[5] In 1940, she offered it for private sale through the philately department of Macy's department store in New York City. It was purchased for $40,000 by Fred "Poss" Small, an Australian-born engineer from Florida, who had wanted to own the stamp since he first heard about it as a boy.[7] In acquiring it, Small completed a full set of stamps from British Guiana. In 1970, Small auctioned his entire stamp collection (estimated to be worth $750,000), and the 1c stamp was acquired by a syndicate of Pennsylvanian investors, headed by Irwin Weinberg, who paid $280,000 for it and spent much of the decade exhibiting it in a worldwide tour. John E. du Pont bought it for $935,000 in 1980,[1][4] setting the world's record for a single stamp price again.[4] Subsequently, it was believed to have been locked in a bank vault while its owner was in prison.[8] Du Pont died while still incarcerated on 9 December 2010; 80 percent of the proceeds from the auction went to Bulgarian Valentin Yordanov, a retired Bulgarian wrestler, to whom Du Pont left the majority of his estate.[9]It was sold from the DuPont estate on 17 June 2014 at a Sotheby's New York auction, sale number N09154, for $9,480,000, including buyer's premium.[10][11] It took only two minutes to sell to an anonymous bidder, and was the fourth time the stamp had broken the world's record for a single-stamp bid; this time, the sale broke the 1996 record of $2,300,000 for the Treskilling Yellow, an 1855 Swedish stamp.[4] The purchaser has since identified himself as shoe designer and businessman Stuart Weitzman, who collected stamps as a child.[12] ControversiesAt one point, it was suggested that the 1c stamp was merely a "doctored" copy of the magenta 4c stamp of the same series, a stamp very similar to the 1c stamp in appearance. These claims were disproven.[13] In the 1920s a rumour developed that a second copy of the stamp had been discovered by then-owner, Arthur Hind, who quietly purchased the supposed second copy to subsequently destroy it. The rumour has not been substantiated.[26] In 1999, a second 1c stamp was claimed to have been discovered in Bremen, Germany. The stamp was owned by Peter Winter, who is widely known for producing many forgeries of classic philatelic items,[14] printed as facsimiles on modern paper. Nevertheless, two European experts, Rolf Roeder and David Feldman, have said Winter's stamp is genuine.[15] The stamp was twice examined and found to be a fake by the Royal Philatelic Society London. In their opinion, this specimen in fact was an altered 4c magenta stamp.[16][17] Public displayIn November 2014, the National Postal Museum of the Smithsonian Institution announced that the then-anonymous owner of the stamp had agreed to display it at the museum in Washington, DC, beginning 4 June 2015 and running through 2 December 2018.[18] Next to the Postal Museum exhibit is a copy of a Donald Duck comic book, The Gilded Man, (OS 422) from 1952 whose central plot element revolves around Donald and his nephews, Huey, Louie and Dewey, going to British Guiana to try to find another copy of the stamp. The comic is written and drawn by Carl Barks.[19] The stamp was exhibited in the Court of Honor at World Stamp Show-NY 2016 in New York City from May 28 to June 3, 2016.[20][21] See also{{commons category|British Guiana 1c magenta}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Carlton |first=R. Scott |year=1997 |title=The international encyclopaedic dictionary of philatelics |publisher=Krause Publications |pages=36–37 |isbn=0-87341-448-9}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-27890106|title=Rare stamp sets auction record|date=18 June 2014|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2014/03/why-this-red-smudge-is-the-most-valuable-stamp-in-the-world/ |title=Why This Red Smudge Is The Most Valuable Stamp In The World |last=Feinberg |first=Ashley |date=1 March 2014 |publisher=Gizmodo Australia |accessdate=8 December 2014}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |date=17 June 2014 |title=Rare British Guiana stamp sets record at New York auction |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-27890106 |newspaper=BBC News |accessdate=18 June 2014}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Williams |first=L. N. and M. |authorlink=Leon Norman Williams |year=1946 |title=Famous Stamps |publisher= Chambers |page=26}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://oldlouis.com/news/coins-stamps/the-one-and-only-british-guiana-1-magenta-part-ii/|title=The One and Only British Guiana 1c Magenta: Part I|date=29 August 2018|publisher=|via=oldlouis.com}} 7. ^{{cite news |last=McGann |first=George |date=8 April 1970 |title=What did it feel like to own the most valuable piece of paper in the world? |newspaper=Australian Women's Weekly |pages=2–3}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Rachlin |first=Harvey |year= 1996 |title=Lucy's Bones, Sacred Stones and Einstein's Brain |publisher=Henry Holt & Company |isbn=0-8050-6406-0}} 9. ^{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Robin |title=Du Pont stamp sells for record $9.5 million |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2014/06/18/stamp-owned-delaware-murderer-john-du-pont-sells-million/10723161/ |accessdate=14 February 2019 |work=The News Journal |date=18 June 2014 |language=en}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/2014/magenta-n09154.html |title=The British Guiana |date=17 June 2014 |publisher=Sotheby's |accessdate=19 July 2014}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/results.results.sale.pdf/2014/magenta-n09154.pdf |title=The British Guiana |date=17 June 2014 |publisher=Sotheby's |accessdate=19 July 2014}} 12. ^{{Citation | title=Stuart Weitzman to Display Rare Stamp That Fulfilled Boyhood Dream | newspaper=New York Times | date=4 June 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/nyregion/stuart-weitzman-to-display-one-cent-magenta-stamp-that-fulfilled-boyhood-dream.html}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/news-video/auction-essays/the-british-guiana/2014/05/18921922-ferrary-a.html |title=Part 5: The Story of the World’s Most Famous Stamp from 1892 to 1922 |publisher=Sotheby's |accessdate=8 December 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sheryll.net/Forgeries/Germany/Forgeries_article_Germany.htm |title=Peter Winter and the modern German forgeries on eBay |last=Oswald |first=Sheryll |date=28 July 2001 |accessdate=8 December 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.phila-kompass.de/fileadmin/PDF_Dateien/guiana.pdf |title=British Guiana 1c, 1856: Weltrarität oder Fälschung? |language=German |accessdate=8 December 2014}} 16. ^1 {{cite news |title=British Guiana: the rarest stamp in the world? |url=http://www.stampmagazine.co.uk/news/article/british-guiana-the-rarest-stamp-in-the-world/7109 |newspaper=Stamp Magazine |accessdate=8 December 2014}} 17. ^{{cite news |last=Pearson |first=Patrick |date=May 2000 |title=British Guiana Four Cent and One Cent of 1856 |newspaper=The London Philatelist |pages=108–120 |issue=1275}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=British Guiana One-Cent Magenta: The World’s Most Famous Stamp|url=http://postalmuseum.si.edu/stampgallery/magenta.html|website=Smithsonian National Postal Museum|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 19. ^Barrier, Michael (1982). Carl Barks and the Art of the Comic Book. M. Lilien. {{ISBN|978-0960765201}}. 20. ^{{Cite news |title=Unique British Guiana 1¢ Magenta Stamp Sells |publisher=Linn's Stamp News |date=17 June 2014 |work=Auctions |url=http://www.linns.com/news/breaking-stamp-news/587/Unique-British-Guiana-1and |access-date=12 December 2017 }} 21. ^{{cite news |title=British Guiana 1¢ Magenta to be displayed at World Stamp Show – NY 2016 |work=World Stamps |publisher=Linn's Stamp News |date=24 September 2015 |url=https://www.linns.com/news/world-stamps-postal-history/2015/september/british-guiana-1c-magenta-to-be-displayed-at-world-stamp-showny-.html |accessdate=12 December 2017 }} 2 : Postage stamps|Postage stamps of British Guiana |
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