| 词条 | Broglio Space Center | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = San Marco platform | image=San Marco launch platform.jpg | image_size=250 | caption=The San Marco Launch Platform, with a Scout rocket on the launchpad. | site = San Marco platform | coordinates = {{Coord|2|56|18|S|40|12|45|E|display=inline,title}} | location = Malindi, Kenya | operator = Italian Space Agency (formerly Sapienza University of Rome and NASA) | tlaunches = 27 | inclination =2.0–3.0°{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} | pads = 2 | pad1 = San Marco | status = Inactive | launches =24 | first = Scout B, 26 April 1967 | last = Scout G-1, 25 March 1988 | rockets = Scout Apache Nike Tomahawk Tomahawk Arcas Black Brant Astrobee | pad2 = Santa Rita | status2 = Inactive | launches2 = 3 | first2 = Apache, 25 March 1964 | last2 = Apache, 2 April 1964 | rockets2 = Apache }} The Luigi Broglio Space Center (BSC) is an Italian-owned spaceport near Malindi, Kenya, named after its founder and Italian space pioneer Luigi Broglio.[1] Developed in the 1960s through a partnership between the Sapienza University of Rome's Aerospace Research Centre and NASA, the BSC served as a spaceport for the launch of both Italian and international satellites (1967–1988). The center comprises a main offshore launch site, known as the San Marco platform, as well as two secondary control platforms and a communications ground station on the mainland. In 2003 a legislative decree handed the Italian Space Agency management of the center, beginning in 2004, and the name changed from the previous San Marco Equatorial Range.[2][3] While the ground station is still in use for satellite communications, the BSC is not currently used as a launch site.[4] HistoryThe San Marco platform was a former oil platform, located to the north of Cape Ras Ngomeni on the coastal sublittoral of Kenya, at {{Coord|2|56|18|S|40|12|45|E|}}, close to the equator (which is an energetically favourable location for rocket launches). Launches from the platform were controlled from the Santa Rita platform, a second former oil platform located southeast of the San Marco platform, and a smaller Santa Rita II housed the facility's radar. A ground station located on the cape forms the center's primary telemetry site.[3] {{Location map+|Kenya|relief=1|width=200|float=left|caption=Location of the BSC, just south of the Equator (represented by the nearby town of Nanyuki)|places={{Location map~|Kenya|lat=-2.938333|long=40.2125|marksize=6|position=right|label=Broglio Space Center}}{{Location map~|Kenya|lat=-3.216667|long=40.11667|marksize=6|position=left|label=Malindi}}{{Location map~|Kenya|lat=0.016667|long=37.066667|marksize=6|label=Nanyuki}}{{Location map~|Kenya|lat=-1.283333|long=36.816667|marksize=6|label=Nairobi}}}} The Italian space research program began in 1959 with the creation of the CRA (Centro Ricerche Aerospaziali) at the University of Rome. Three years later, on 7 September 1962, the university signed a memorandum of understanding with NASA to collaborate on a space research program named San Marco (St. Mark). The Italian launch team, trained by NASA, was to first launch a rocket from Wallops Island under NASA supervision and first launch successfully took off on 15 December 1964. The San Marco project was focused on the launching of scientific satellites by Scout rockets from a mobile rigid platform located close to the equator. This station, composed of 3 oil platforms and two logistical support boats, was installed off the Kenya coast, close to the town of Malindi. The program schedule included three phases:
The San Marco launch platform complex was in use from March 1964 to March 1988, with a total of 27 launches, primarily sounding rockets including the Nike Apache, Nike Tomahawk, Arcas and Black Brant launchers. Low payload weight orbital launches were also made, using the solid-propellant Scout rocket (in its B, D and G subvariants). The first satellite specifically for X-ray astronomy, Uhuru, was launched from San Marco on a Scout B rocket on 12 December 1970. The ground station is in use and continues to track NASA, ESA and Italian satellites. However, the two platforms fell into disrepair during the 1990s. Recently, the Italian Space Agency has conducted a feasibility study to reactivate it for the Russian launcher START-1.{{Ref_label|a|a|none}} Satellite launches
See also{{Portal|Spaceflight|}}
Notes{{Refbegin|2}}
(In March 2004, a delegation from ASI and a Russian delegation went to visit the Luigi Broglio Space Center in Malindi, Kenya, to verify the technical conditions of re-use of the launch site for use by Russian launchers of the type START-1. The result of the visit has been extremely positive and both parties have agreed on the feasibility of launching from the marine platform.)[5] {{Refend}}References1. ^{{cite web | title= The San Marco Project Research Centre | url= http://crpsm.psm.uniroma1.it/ | publisher= Centro di Ricerca Progetto San Marco – University of Rome "La Sapienza" | accessdate=23 August 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web | title= Italian Space Agency | url= http://cordis.europa.eu/erawatch/index.cfm?fuseaction=org.documentAjax&uuid=7D87D669-A64C-090E-C0A5A26C010F99E1 | publisher= European Commission – CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service) | accessdate=23 August 2010}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://space.au.af.mil/primer/rest_of_world_launch.pdf|format=PDF|title=Space Primer – Chapter 20 – Rest-Of-World (ROW) Space Launch Systems|publisher= United States Air Force Air University|pages=21|date=August 2003|accessdate=23 August 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Operations/SEMIIDUL05F_0.html |title=Malindi station |publisher= European Space Agency|accessdate=23 August 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asi.it/files/20061025030257PASN_2006-2008_1.pdf|format=PDF|title=Piano AeroSpaziale Nationale 2006–2008|publisher=Italian Space Agency|pages=69|accessdate=29 August 2010|language=it|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722025014/http://www.asi.it/files/20061025030257PASN_2006-2008_1.pdf|archivedate=22 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} External links
6 : Spaceports|Sea launch to orbit|Space program of Italy|Malindi|Transport buildings and structures in Kenya|Transport infrastructure completed in 1964 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。