| 词条 | Buddhist flag | |||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Buddhist flag is a flag designed in the late 19th century to symbolize and universally represent Buddhism.[1] It is used by Buddhists throughout the world.[1] HistoryThe flag was originally designed in 1885 by the Colombo Committee, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.[2] {{Dead link|date=October 2018|fix-attempted=yes}}The committee consisted of Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera (chairman), Ven. Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera, Don Carolis Hewavitharana (father of Anagarika Dharmapala), Andiris Perera Dharmagunawardhana (maternal grandfather of Anagarika Dharmapala), Charles A. de Silva, Peter De Abrew, William De Abrew (father of Peter), H. William Fernando, N. S. Fernando and Carolis Pujitha Gunawardena (secretary).[2] It was first hoisted in public on Vesak day, 28 May 1885[1] at the Dipaduttamarama, Kotahena, by Ven. Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera.[3] This was the first Vesak public holiday under British rule.[3] Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, an American journalist, founder and first president of the Theosophical Society, felt that its long streaming shape made it inconvenient for general use. He therefore suggested modifying it so that it was the size and shape of national flags.[1] In 1889 the modified flag was introduced to Japan by Anagarika Dharmapala and Olcott—who presented it to Emperor Meiji—and subsequently to Burma.[4] At the 1952 World Fellowship of Buddhists, the flag of Buddhists was adopted as the International Buddhist Flag.[5] ColoursThe six vertical bands of the flag represent the six colors of the aura which Buddhists believe emanated from the body of the Buddha when he attained Enlightenment:[6][1] Blue (Nīla): The Spirit of Universal Compassion Yellow (Pīta): The Middle Way Red (Lohita): The Blessings of Practice – achievement, wisdom, virtue, fortune and dignity White (Odāta): The Purity of Dhamma – leading to liberation, timeless Orange (Manjesta): The Wisdom of the Buddha's teachings The sixth vertical band, on the fly, is made up of a combination of rectangular bands of the five other colours, and represents a compound of the other five colours in the aura's spectrum. This compound colour is referred to as the Truth of the Buddha's teaching Pabbhassara ('essence of light'). Variants{{refimprove section|date=October 2018}}{{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left/right/center | footer = | footer_align = left | image1 = Sectarian Buddhist flag.jpg | width1 = 135 | caption1 = The variant Japanese flag in Kyoto.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} | image2 = Thai Buddhist flag.jpg | width2 = 135 | caption2 = The Dharmacakra flag, symbol of Buddhism in Thailand.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} }} The nonsectarian Buddhist flag is flown over the temples of many different schools. However, some choose to change the colors of the flag to emphasize their own teachings.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
Ban{{main|Huế Phật Đản shootings}}In 1963, the Catholic President of South Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem invoked a law prohibiting flags other than that of the nation, to ban the Buddhist flag from being flown on Vesak, when Vatican flags had habitually flown at government events. This led to protests, which were ended by lethal firing of weapons, starting the Buddhist crisis.[8] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=The Origin and Meaning of the Buddhist Flag|url=http://buddhistcouncilofqueensland.org/node/143|publisher=The Buddhist Council of Queensland|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Maha Bodhi, Volumes 98–99; Volumes 1891–1991|publisher=Maha Bodhi Society|page=286|year=1892}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Lopez, Jr.|first=Donald S.|authorlink=Donald S. Lopez, Jr.|title=A Modern Buddhist Bible: Essential Readings from East and West|publisher=Beacon Press|year=2002|page=xiv|isbn=9780807012437}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Buddhist flag marks 125th anniversary|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=43,9162,0,0,1,0|publisher=Sunday Observer|date=March 16, 2010|accessdate=November 8, 2018}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=Phillip|title=DK Eyewitness Books: Buddhism|publisher=Penguin Putnam|year=2003|page=64|isbn=9781782682875}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=The Buddhist Flag|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/b_flag.htm|publisher=Buddhanet|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Flags of the World: Buddhism|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/buddhism.html |accessdate=2008-09-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924075754/http://flagspot.net/flags/buddhism.html |archivedate=24 September 2008 |df=dmy }} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65180894|title=Renovating politics in contemporary Vietnam|last=Zachary.|first=Abuza,|date=2001|publisher=L. Rienner Publishers|isbn=1588261778|location=Boulder|oclc=65180894|page=191}} External links{{commons|Buddhist flag}}{{Portal|Buddhism}}
5 : Rainbow flags|Buddhist symbols|Religious flags|Symbols introduced in the 1800s|1885 establishments in Ceylon |
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