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词条 Cold War tank formations
释义

  1. NATO

      West Germany    USA    France    United Kingdom    Turkey    Italy    Netherlands    Denmark    Belgium    Canada    Norway    Portugal    Greece    Spain  

  2. Warsaw Pact

      USSR    East Germany    Poland    Czechoslovakia    Bulgaria    Hungary    Romania  

  3. Other

      Sweden  

  4. Footnotes

  5. References

{{History of the tank}}

During the Cold War, NATO and the Warsaw Pact both had large tank formations present in Europe.

The following gives the number of armoured formations and tank strength as of 1981/1982 for Warsaw Pact and NATO member countries. These include formations and vehicles deployed outside Europe, such as in North America or the Asiatic USSR.

NATO

Grand Total: 30,711+ Tanks

West Germany

//German Army">German Army Formations
  • 6 Tank Divisions (Panzerdivisionen)
  • 4 Armored Infantry Divisions (Panzergrenadierdivisionen)
  • 1 Mountain Division (Gebirgsdivision)
  • 6 Home Defense Tank Brigades (Heimatschutz – Panzerbrigaden)
  • 6 Home Defense Armored Infantry Brigades (Heimatschutz – Panzergrenadierbrigaden (not complete)
Number of tanks[1]
MBTsIn reserveOn orderOther
1,200 M48 A2C/A2GA2
2,737 Leopard 1 A2/A3/A4/A5/A6/1A1A1
1350 Leopard 2
770 Kanonenjagdpanzer
350 Raketenjagdpanzer		 - - -

Total: 3,787 tanks [2]

(Total: 4,907 including Jagdpanzer)

USA

Formations
  • 4 Tank Divisions
  • 6 Mechanized Divisions
  • 4 Infantry Divisions
  • 1 Airborne Division (incl. 1 Tank Battalion)
  • 1 independent Tank Brigade
  • 4 independent Infantry Brigades
  • 3 Cavalry Regiments (Reconnaissance)
  • 3 Tank Battalions Marines
  • ? Tank Battalions National Guard (Reserve)
Number of tanks
  • 1,825 M48A5 MBT
  • 1,555 M60 MBT
  • 5,775 M60A1 MBT
  • 540 M60A2 MBT (But Reserve on 1976)
  • 2,500+ M60A3 MBT
  • 3,950+ M1 Abrams MBT
  • 4,147+ M1 Abrams|IPM1]] MBT
  • 2,456+ M1 Abrams|M1A1]] MBT
  • 1600 M551 Sheridan AR/AAV (330 for training purposes)
  • 2675 M60A1 ERA MBT with the Marines

Total: 12,320 tanks (min. 330 for training only)[3]

France

Formations
  • 6 Tank divisions (divisions blindées – the 2nd, 7th, 10th in France, the 1st, 3rd and 5th in West Germany)
  • 4 Light Armoured Divisions – the 6th, 9th, 12th, 14th
  • 2 Mechanised Infantry Divisions – the 8th and 15th
Number of tanks[4]
MBTsIn reserveOn orderOther
1,259 AMX 30 -145 AMX 30340 AMX 13 light tanks

Total: 1,868 tanks[5]

United Kingdom

Formations
  • 3 Armoured divisions (1st, 3rd and 4th) as part of the BAOR
Number of tanks[6]
TanksIn reserveOn orderOther
900 FV4201 Chieftain MBT
(60 in Reserve)		300 Centurion MBT stored240 FV4030/4 Challenger MBT271 tracked armoured reconnaissance vehicles

(FV101 Scorpion and Scimitar)

Total: 1,901 tanks and armored cars[7]

Before the 1980s

Earlier units included the Conqueror tank (1955–1966) and FV4101 Charioteer (TA 1950s). Initially containing 3 armoured divisions, the BAOR was reformed by 1960 into 3 mixed divisions and additional brigade groups. Then in the 1970s, as 4 smaller armoured divisions before reorganization as 3 armoured divisions in 1981–83.

Turkey

As of 1981/83:

Formations
  • 1 Tank Division
  • 2 Mechanised Infantry Divisions
  • 14 Infantry Divisions (some with tank battalions attached)
Number of tanks[8]
MBTIn reserveOn orderOther
3,000 M48 Patton
500 M47 Patton		 -70 Leopard 1A3 MBT -

Total: 3,570 Tanks[9]

Italy

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 4 Tank Brigades[10] (three tank battalion each)
  • 9 Mechanised Brigades[11] (one tank battalion each)
  • 5 Motorised Brigades[12] (one mixed tank-mechanized battalion each)
Number of tanks
  • 920 MBT Leopard 1
  • 300 MBT M60A1
  • 550 MBT M47 Patton (remaining of original 1,500)

Total: 1,620 tanks[13]

Netherlands

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 1 armoured division
  • 2 mechanised divisions (1 of which reserve)
Number of Tanks
  • 468 MBT Leopard 1
  • 343 MBT Centurion tank
  • 113 light tank AMX 13/105

Total: 924 tanks

Denmark

As of 1983:

Formations
  • 1 Mechanised Division (Jutland)
  • 1 Light Battlegroup (Jutland)
  • 2 Independent Mechanised Brigades (Zealand)
  • 4 Light Battlegroups (Zealand)
  • 1 Battlegroup (Bornholm)
Number of Tanks
Jutland
  • 120 MBT Leopard 1A3 (40 in each Brigade x3)
  • 18 light tank M41 Walker Bulldog (Recon Battalion)
  • 48 Centurion tank Mk.V with 84 mm gun (6x Anti-tank Squadrons in reserve(in four regions and one Light-Battlegroupe)
Zealand
  • 80 MBT Centurion tank MK.V2 with 105 mm L7A1 gun (40 in each Brigade x2)
  • 32 Centurion tank MK.V with 84 mm gun (4x Anti-tank Squadrons in Light-Battlegroups)
  • 18 light tank M41 Walker Bulldog (Recon Battalion)
Bornholm
  • 16 light tank M41 Walker Bulldog (1 Light Tank Squadron and 1 Recon Squadron)
  • 12 Centurion tank MK.V with 84 mm gun (Anti-tank Squadron in reserve)

Storage

  • 26 MBTCenturion tank MK.V2 with 105 mm L7A1 gun
  • 18 Centurion tank MK.V with 84 mm gun

Total: 388 tanks

Belgium

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 1 Armoured Brigade (17 Ps Bde - Spich-Altenrath)
  • 3 Mechanised Brigades (1 PsInf Bde - Leopoldsburg, 4 PsInf Bde - Soest, 7 PsInf Bde - Marche-En-Famenne)
  • 1 Reserve Mechanised Brigade
Number of tanks
  • 334 MBT Leopard 1
  • 62 MBT M47 Patton (reserve)
  • 136 light tank FV101 Scorpion
  • 154 light tank FV107 Scimitar
  • 80 tankdestroyer Kanonenjagdpanzer

Total: 766 tanks

Canada

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 1 Mechanized Brigade (4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, based in Germany)
  • 2 Motorized Brigades (1 Canadian Brigade Group and 5e Groupe-brigade du Canada, both based in Canada with NATO taskings to Europe. 1CBG provided personnel for REFORGER and 5GBC as the CAST Canadian Air-Sea Transportable Brigade Group earmarked for service in Norway).
  • 114 MBT Leopard 1
  • 195 AVGP Cougar (amphibious, direct Fire Support Vehicle (Wheeled) FSV(W) variant of the Canadian built Armoured Vehicle General Purpose AVGP based on the Swiss MOWAG 6X6 Piranaha hull with 76 mm gun in British FV101 Scorpion Tank Turret).

The Leopards and Cougars came into service in the late 1970s and replaced 274 Centurion Tanks used by Royal Canadian Armoured Corps units (The Canadian Centurion tanks served in Germany for 25 years, from January 1952 to January 1977).

Total: 114 MBT (+195 FSV) = 309 tanks

Norway

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • Independent Armoured Squadrons
Number of tanks
  • 78 MBT Leopard 1
  • 38 MBT M48 Patton
  • 70 light tank NM-116 (upgraded M24 Chaffee)

Total: 186 tanks

Portugal

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 1 Tank Regiment
  • 2 Cavalry Regiments
Number of tanks
  • 34 MBT M47 Patton
  • 30 MBT M48 Patton
  • Up to 16 light tank M24 Chaffee

Total: ~80 tanks

Greece

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 1 Armoured Division
  • 2 Independent Armoured Brigades
Number of tanks[14]
MBTIn reserveOn orderOther
170 AMX 30
800 M48 Patton
150 M47 Patton
190 M24 Chaffee		 - -

Total: 1,310 tanks

Spain

Members of NATO from 30 May 1982:

Formations
  • 1 Armoured Division
  • 1 Mechanised Division
  • 3 Armoured Cavalry Brigades
  • 1 Light Cavalry Regiment
Number of tanks
  • 340 MBT M47 Patton
  • 110 MBT M48 Patton
  • 200 MBT AMX-30
  • 180 light tank M41 Walker Bulldog

Total: 830 tanks

Warsaw Pact

Grand Total: 71,700+ Tanks

USSR

Formations

As of 1981/82 the Soviet Ground Forces had:

  • 46 Tank Divisions, including six Tank Armies with four tank divisions each.
  • 119 Mechanised Infantry Divisions
  • 6 Airborne Divisions
  • 1 Naval Infantry Division
  • 3 Naval Infantry Brigades
Tank strength
  • 45,000 MBT JS-2 and JS-3 (Reserve) T-10 / T-10M / T-54 / T-55 / T-62
  • 10,000 MBT T-64 / T-72 / T-80
  • 870 amphibious Reconnaissance Tanks PT-76 (Plavayushchiy Tank)
  • 1,800 med. tank T-34 (At the Chinese border – most used for driver training; withdrawn in 1979)

Total: 57,670 tanks[15]

East Germany

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 2 Tank Division
  • 4 Mechanised Infantry Divisions
Number of tanks
  • 1,500 MBT T-54 / T-55 / T-72 (further 1600 tanks stored)
  • 120 Reconnaissance tanks PT-76

Total: 1,620+ tanks[16]

Poland

As of 1981/82:

Formations
  • 5 Tank Divisions
  • 8 Mechanised Infantry Divisions
  • 1 Amphibious Assault Division
  • 1 Airborne Division
Number of Tanks
  • 3,400 T-54 / T-55 MBT
  • 30 T-72 MBT
  • 130 PT-76 Armored Reconnaissance tanks

Total: 4,010 tanks[17]

Czechoslovakia

As of 1980

Formations
  • 7 Tank Divisions (2 on full numbers, 3 on reduced numbers, 2 created by mobilization)
  • 8 Motor-Rifle Divisions (3 on full numbers, 2 on reduced numbers, 3 created by mobilization)
Number of Tanks as of year 1980
  • 31 T-72
  • 1,960 T-55
  • 1,804 T-54
  • 428 T-34

Total in 1980: 4,223 tanks[18]

Bulgaria

As of 1981/82

Formations
  • 5 Tank Brigades (in Sofia, Kazanlak, Karlovo, Sliven and Aytos)
  • 8 Motor Rifle Divisions
Number of Tanks
  • 1,800 MBT T-54 / T-55
  • 250 MBT T-62
  • 100 med. tank T-34
  • 250 light tank PT-76

Total: 2,400 tanks

Hungary

As of 1981/82

Formations
  • 1 Tank Division (in Tata)
  • 5 Motor Rifle Divisions (in Gyöngyös, Kiskunfélegyháza, Zalaegerszeg, Kaposvár and Nyíregyháza)
Number of Tanks
  • 181 medium tanks T-34-85
  • 954 MBT T-54 / T-55
  • 31 MBT T-72
  • 10 light tanks PT-76

Total: 1,176 tanks

Romania

As of 1981/82

Formations
  • 2 Tank Divisions (in Targu-Mures and Bucuresti)
  • 8 Mechanised Infantry Divisions (in Iasi, Braila, Constanta, Bucuresti, Craiova, Timisoara, Oradea and Dej)
Number of Tanks
  • 740 medium tanks T-34-85
  • 769 MBT T-54 / T-55,
  • 150 MBT TR-77-580,
  • 31 MBT T-72

Total: 1,690 tanks

Other

Sweden

As of ca 1980

Formations
  • 4 Armoured Brigades, type PB 63
  • 1 Armoured Brigade, type Gotland[19]
  • 1 Mechanized Brigade, type MekB 10 (under development)
  • 1 Independent Armoured Battalion, I 19/P 5[20]
Number of tanks
  • 240 MBT Stridsvagn 103 (72 per brigade, plus an independent battalion with 24)
  • 192 MBT Centurion (72 per brigade, plus a future mechanized brigade with 48)[21]

The swedish army was in the process of forming a mechanized brigade, type MekB 10, which became active in 1983/84.[22] This brigade was only equipped with 48 MBT's (Centurions) compared to the 72 MBT's of the regular armoured brigades, but instead received 24 Infanterikanonvagn 91 infantry support vehicles.[23]

Total: 432 tanks

Footnotes

1. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 73
2. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 73
3. ^Armed Forces 1981/82. Page 20
4. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 76
5. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 76
6. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 84
7. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 84
8. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 102
9. ^Armed Forces 1981/82. Page 102
10. ^Centauro, Ariete, Mameli, Pozzuolo del Friuli
11. ^Goito, Legnano, Brescia, Trieste, Manin, Vittorio Veneto, Gorizia, Granatieri di Sardegna, Pinerolo
12. ^Cremona, Friuli, Aosta, Sassari, Acqui
13. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 90
14. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 102
15. ^Armed Forces 1981/82
16. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 54
17. ^Armed Forces 1981/82 Page 57
18. ^Francev, Vladimir."Ceskoslovenske tankove sily 1945-1992". page 135. Grada Publishing, 2012. {{ISBN|978-80-247-4029-4}}
19. ^Hugemark, Bo."Den Stora Invasionen". page 248. Medströms Bokförlag, 2017. {{ISBN|978-91-7329-138-5}}
20. ^Kjellander, Bo."Pansartrupperna 1942–1992". page 405-411. Arméns pansarcentrum, 1992. {{ISBN|91-630-1253-7}}
21. ^Hugemark, Bo."Den Stora Invasionen". page 247. Medströms Bokförlag, 2017. {{ISBN|978-91-7329-138-5}}
22. ^https://web.archive.org/web/19991009205255/http://www.mekb10.mil.se/hist.html
23. ^Hugemark, Bo."Den Stora Invasionen". page 247. Medströms Bokförlag, 2017. {{ISBN|978-91-7329-138-5}}

References

  • Armed Forces 1981/82 In: The Military Balance of the International Institute for Strategic Studies London (Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1982.)
  • {{cite book |last=Ferdinand von Senger und Etterlin |title=Tanks of the World |publisher=Arms and Armour Press |location=London |year=1983}}
  • {{cite book |last=John Weeks |title=Armies of the World |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company Ltd|location=London |year=1981}}

4 : Tank units and formations|Military units and formations of NATO|Warsaw Pact|Cold War-related lists
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