| 词条 | Calafat |
| 释义 |
|subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{ROU}} |timezone=EET |utc_offset=+2 |timezone_DST=EEST |utc_offset_DST=+3 |map_caption = Location of Calafat| official_name=Calafat| |pushpin_map =Romania |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location of Calafat |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map= |image_skyline=Monument_Calafat.JPG |image_caption=The monument commemorating the soldiers who fought in the War of Independence in 1877| image_shield=ROU DJ Calafat CoA.svg| |subdivision_type1=County| subdivision_name1=Dolj County| |subdivision_type2=Status| subdivision_name2={{Autolink|Municipality}} |settlement_type=Municipality|| |leader_title=Mayor| leader_name=Lucian Ciobanu| leader_party=PSD (2016–present)| area_total_km2=| population_as_of=2000| population_total=21227 |coordinates = {{coord|43|59|09|N|22|57|27|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}} || website= }} Calafat ({{IPA-ro|kalaˈfat|-|Ro-Calafat.ogg}}) is a city in Dolj County, Romania, on the river Danube, opposite the Bulgarian city of Vidin, to which it is linked by the Calafat-Vidin Bridge, opened in 2013. After the destruction of the bridges of late antiquity, for centuries Calafat was connected with the southern bank of the Danube by boat and later on by ferryboat. The city administers three villages: Basarabi, Ciupercenii Vechi and Golenți. HistoryIt was founded in the 14th century by Genoese colonists, who employed large numbers of workmen (Calafatis) in repairing ships. This industry gave the town its name. In January 1854, during the Crimean War, when Russian forces were headed up the Danube, Ahmed Pasha, commanding the Turkish forces at Calafat, made a surprise attack on the temporary Russian garrison nearby Cetate, which was under the command of Colonel Alexander Baumgarten.[1] This diverted the initial Russian attack and allowed Ahmed Pasha to consolidate his forces in Calafat. On 28 January the Russians under the command of General Iosif Romanovich Anrep reached Calafat and began the siege which lasted until May. Riddled by disease and unable to take the town, Anrep withdrew.[2] Climate{{Weather box|metric first=DA |single line= da |location= Calafat |Jan high C=3 |Feb high C=5 |Mar high C=12 |Apr high C=18 |May high C=23 |Jun high C=27 |Jul high C=29 |Aug high C=29 |Sep high C=24 |Oct high C=17 |Nov high C=10 |Dec high C=4 |year high C= |Jan mean C=-1 |Feb mean C=2 |Mar mean C=6 |Apr mean C=12 |May mean C=18 |Jun mean C=21 |Jul mean C=23 |Aug mean C=23 |Sep mean C=18 |Oct mean C=12 |Nov mean C=6 |Dec mean C=1 |year mean C= |Jan low C=-4 |Feb low C=-3 |Mar low C=1 |Apr low C=6 |May low C=11 |Jun low C=15 |Jul low C=17 |Aug low C=16 |Sep low C=11 |Oct low C=7 |Nov low C=3 |Dec low C=-3 |Jan precipitation mm=38.1 |Feb precipitation mm=43.2 |Mar precipitation mm=45.7 |Apr precipitation mm=48.3 |May precipitation mm=58.4 |Jun precipitation mm=66.0 |Jul precipitation mm=40.6 |Aug precipitation mm=33.0 |Sep precipitation mm=33.0 |Oct precipitation mm=38.1 |Nov precipitation mm=50.8 |Dec precipitation mm=48.3 |year precipitation mm= |source 1=weather.com[3] }}{{Historical populations |source = Census data |1900 |7113 |1912 |7608 |1930 |7633 |1948 |8251 |1956 |8069 |1966 |9483 |1977 |15568 |1992 |20445 |2002 |21227 |2011 |16247 }} Transport{{Main|New Europe Bridge}}Calafat lies on the river corridor VII-Danube and the pan-European corridor IV which starts in Germany and ends in Istanbul and Thessaloniki . The city is at crossroads of DN56, DN56A, DN55A and E79. The city of Calafat and its neighbour, Vidin (Bulgaria), are linked by bridge over the Danube in the area called Bașcov (Danube Bridge 2) built by the Spanish company FCC. The project of constructing a Danubian bridge in the area of Calafat-Vidin dates from the year 1925. Road traffic between Vidin and Calafat were doubling every year, so it became necessary to construct a bridge with four lanes of road traffic, a railway line, a lane two meters wide for bikes and a pavement for pedestrians. The bridge has a total length of 1,971 m and its costs are estimated about US $200 million. It was officially opened on 14 June 2013.[4] NewspapersCalafat has several city newspapers. One of them is called Ziarul De Calafat,[5] which is also maintained online; another is Calafat Live.[6] International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}}Twin towns — Sister citiesCalafat is twinned with:
References1. ^Jaques, Tony (2007) Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century: A-E Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, Volume 1, page 247 {{ISBN|0-313-33536-2}} 2. ^Jaques, Tony (2007) Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century: A-E Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, Volume 1, page 184 {{ISBN|0-313-33536-2}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/ROXX0042 | title = Medii lunare pentru Calafat, Romania| format = | work =weather.com | accessdate = 2013-07-07}} 4. ^ Announcement of the Bulgarian president as published by Focus News Agency on 22 May 2013 (in Bulgarian), retrieved 31 May 2013 5. ^"News" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211070743/http://www.ziaruldecalafat.ro/# |date=2008-12-11 }} Ziarul De Calafat 6. ^http://www.calafat.ucoz.com External links{{commons category|Calafat}}
5 : Populated places on the Danube|Populated places in Dolj County|Cities in Romania|Port cities and towns in Romania|Bulgaria–Romania border crossings |
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