词条 | Calgary International Airport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = YYC Calgary International Airport Aéroport international de Calgary YYC | image = YYC logo.svg | image-width = 250 | image2 = Calgary Airport overview.jpg | image2-width = 250 | IATA = YYC | ICAO = CYYC | WMO = 71877 | type = Public | owner = Transport Canada | operator = Calgary Airport Authority | city-served = Calgary, Alberta, Canada | hub = {{bulleted list |Air Canada |Air Transat |Sunwing Airlines |WestJet}} |focus_city = | timezone = MST | utc = 00 | summer = MDT | utcs = 00 | elevation-f = 3,606 | coordinates = {{coord|51|07|21|N|114|00|48|W|region:CA-AB|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Canada Calgary#Canada Alberta#Canada#North America | pushpin_label = YYC | website = {{URL|http://www.yyc.com/}} | r1-number = 08/26 | r1-length-f = 6,200 | r1-surface = Asphalt | r2-number = 11/29 | r2-length-f = 8,000 | r2-surface = Asphalt | r3-number = 17R/35L | r3-length-f = 12,675 | r3-surface = Asphalt | r4-number = 17L/35R | r4-length-f = 14,000 | r4-surface = Concrete | stat-year = 2018 | stat1-header = Passengers | stat1-data = 17,343,402 | stat2-header = Cargo (tonnes) | stat2-data = 147,000 | stat3-header = | stat3-data = | footnotes = Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1] Environment Canada[2] }} Calgary International Airport {{airport codes|YYC|CYYC}}, branded as YYC Calgary International Airport, is an international airport that serves the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is located approximately {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} northeast of downtown and covers an area of {{convert|21.36|sqkm|abbr=on}}.[3] With 17.34 million passengers and 244,027 aircraft movements in 2017, Calgary International is the busiest airport in Alberta and the fourth-busiest in Canada by both measures.[4][5] The region's petroleum and tourism industries have helped foster growth at the airport, which has nonstop flights to an array of destinations in North and Central America, Europe, and Asia. YYC Calgary International is also a hub for two major Canadian airlines: Air Canada and WestJet. Built in the late 1930s, the site has since grown to house four runways, two terminal buildings with 5 concourses for passengers, warehouses for cargo handling, and other infrastructure. The Calgary Airport Authority operates the property while paying rent to the federal government. Close to the airport is the Deerfoot Trail freeway for transport into the city, and public transit also serves the airport. HistoryThe first airport to serve Calgary opened in 1914, in the neighbourhood of Bowness. It occupied one square kilometre ({{convert|1|sqkm|sqmi|disp=out}}) and consisted of a hut and a grass runway.[6][7] Operations shifted to a new airport southwest of the city in 1928, named Old Banff Coach Road Airport. However, issues with turbulence in the area prompted another airfield to be built the following year in Renfrew. This site was known as Calgary Municipal Airport.[7] As the city of Calgary grew in the area surrounding the Renfrew airport, the city government decided to relocate operations another time. It purchased an area of land north of Calgary in 1938 for about $31,000; this is the site of the current airport. It was named McCall Field after World War I ace and lifelong Calgarian Fred McCall.[6][8] Equipped with a paved runway, the airport opened on 25 September of the following year, about two weeks after Canada entered World War II. As a result, the federal government assumed control of the site in 1940, repurposing it as a fuel and maintenance stop for aircraft involved in the war effort. Regular passenger flights continued during this period.[6][7] At the end of the war, the airport had been expanded to include additional hangars and other infrastructure.[6] City officials resumed managing the airport and repurposed the new hangars as a passenger terminal.[7] An improved terminal opened in 1956.[6][7] Jet aircraft landed at the airport for the first time in 1961, and flights from Europe commenced the following year. The terminal received five expansions; however, the city government eventually did not have the funds to cope with rising traffic.[6][7] It proceeded to sell the site to the federal government in 1966 for $2 million. The new owner refurbished the runways and renamed the site "Calgary International Airport".[6] Eleven years later, it constructed a new terminal worth $130 million–the core of the present facility.[6][7] The airport again came under local management in 1992 when the Calgary Airport Authority was formed, although the authority still pays rent to the federal government.[6][9] Four years later, WestJet began operations with a base at the airport, occupying an expanded area of the terminal.[7][10] Another runway was inaugurated in 2014,[11] and a new international terminal opened in 2016 at a cost of $1.6 billion, adding 24 gates.[7][12] "YYC", the IATA code for the Calgary airport, was also affixed to the airport's official name following a successful branding effort.[13] InfrastructurePassenger terminalsThe Calgary airport houses two terminals, one for domestic operations and the other for international flights. The domestic terminal itself contains three concourses labelled A, B and C; the international terminal is composed of Concourse E for United States–bound flights and Concourse D for flights to other countries.[14] Passengers travelling to the United States clear customs and immigration prior to departure at the preclearance facility.[15] The international terminal operates under a call-to-gate system in which passengers wait in a main seating and shopping area; they then proceed to the gate once flight information is posted.[16] The two terminals are connected by both walkways and a separate path for the YYC Link service. Airport employees transport connecting passengers along this corridor in ten-seat vehicles.[12] WestJet has criticized the design of the international terminal, which opened in 2016. The airline's CEO stated that the distance between the terminals was too long for connecting travellers and that YYC Link was insufficient to solve this problem. As a result, WestJet had to alter its schedules in order to allow additional time for passengers transiting through Calgary.[17][18] The Calgary Airport Authority responded that it did not see issues with the connections process, although it said passengers would need some time to adjust to the new facilities.[17] RunwaysThe Calgary airport is equipped with four runways with the following dimensions:[1]
The longest runway in Canada at the time of its 2014 opening, Runway 17L/35R was built to reduce congestion and better accommodate larger, heavier aircraft: the weight of such aircraft, combined with the low air density resulting from the airport's high elevation and temperatures during the summer, means that a longer runway is necessary for take-off. Runway 17L/35R is also layered with concrete, a material more durable than the asphalt that composes the airport's other three runways.[19][20] CargoThe airport has allotted an extensive amount of area for cargo operations, including over {{convert|3000000|sqft|abbr=on}} of warehouse space. Freight airlines such as Cargolux make regular trips to Europe, Asia, and other destinations.[21][22] In 2017, the Calgary airport handled a total of 147,000 tonnes of cargo. Other facilitiesAt {{convert|91|m|abbr=on}}, the airport's air traffic control tower was the tallest standalone control tower in Canada upon its opening in 2013; compared to the previous tower, it has space for more air traffic controllers and is situated closer to the centre of the airport, giving controllers better views of the airfield.[23] Meanwhile, the headquarters of Canadian North as well as WestJet and its subsidiary WestJet Encore are located onsite.[24][25][26] There are also two hotels on the airport property.[27] Airlines and destinations{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle=Refs |Aeroméxico |Seasonal: Mexico City (resumes May 31, 2019)[28] | [29] |Air Canada|Cancún, Frankfurt, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Montréal–Trudeau, Newark, Ottawa, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver Seasonal: Halifax, Kahului, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Puerto Vallarta, San José del Cabo, Tokyo–Narita, Winnipeg|[30] |Air Canada Express|Castlegar, Cranbrook (ends April 28, 2019), Edmonton, Fort McMurray, Grande Prairie, Houston–Intercontinental, Kamloops, Kelowna, Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, Nanaimo, Portland (OR), Regina, San Francisco, Saskatoon, Victoria, Winnipeg, Yellowknife Seasonal: Phoenix–Sky Harbor|[30] |Air Canada Rouge|Las Vegas Seasonal: London (ON) (begins June 24, 2019) [31]|[32] |Air North|Edmonton, Whitehorse|[33] |Air Transat|Cancún, Puerto Vallarta, Toronto–Pearson Seasonal: Amsterdam, London–Gatwick, Montréal–Trudeau, Vancouver|[34] |Alaska Airlines|Seattle/Tacoma|[35] |American Eagle|Dallas/Fort Worth Seasonal: Chicago–O'Hare |[36] |British Airways|Seasonal: London–Heathrow|[37][38] |{{nowrap|Central Mountain Air}}|Edmonton|[39] |Condor|Seasonal: Frankfurt|[40] |Delta Air Lines|Minneapolis/St. Paul Seasonal: Salt Lake City|[41] |Delta Connection|Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma|[42] |Edelweiss Air|Seasonal: Zürich|[43] |Flair Airlines|Abbotsford, Kelowna, Vancouver, Winnipeg |[44] |Frontier Airlines|Denver | [45] |Hainan Airlines|Beijing–Capital|[46] |KLM|Amsterdam|[47] |Northern Air|Bonnyville|[48] |{{nowrap|Sunwing Airlines}}|Seasonal: Cancún, Cayo Coco, Huatulco, Ixtapa–Zihuatanejo, Liberia (CR), Mazatlán, Montego Bay, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, Varadero|[49] |United Airlines|Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental|[50] |United Express|Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, San Francisco|[51] |WestJet|Abbotsford, Atlanta, Cancún, Comox, Denver, Edmonton, Halifax, Hamilton (ON), Houston–Intercontinental, Kelowna, Kitchener/Waterloo, Las Vegas, London–Gatwick, London (ON), Los Angeles, Mazatlán, Montréal–Trudeau, New York–JFK, Orlando, Ottawa, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Puerto Vallarta, Regina, San Diego, San José del Cabo, Saskatoon, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Victoria, Winnipeg Seasonal: Austin (begins May 2, 2019),[52] Belize City, Dublin (begins June 1, 2019),[53] Fort Lauderdale, Honolulu, Huatulco, Ixtapa–Zihuatanejo, Kahului, Liberia (CR), Loreto, Manzanillo, Montego Bay, Nashville, Nassau, Paris–Charles de Gaulle (begins May 17, 2019),[53] Phoenix/Mesa, Québec City (resumes June 28, 2019), San Francisco, St. John's, Varadero, Whitehorse, Windsor|[54] |WestJet Encore|Abbotsford, Brandon, Comox, Edmonton, Fort McMurray, Fort St. John, Grande Prairie, Kamloops, Kelowna, Nanaimo, Penticton, Regina, Saskatoon, Vancouver, Victoria, Yellowknife Seasonal: Portland (OR) (begins April 29, 2019)[55] |[56] |WestJet Link|Cranbrook, Lethbridge, Lloydminster, Medicine Hat, Prince George|[57] }} StatisticsIn 2016, YYC Calgary International Airport was the fourth-busiest airport in the nation in terms of the total number of passengers that transited through the airport: about 15.7 million. Despite an ongoing recession, there was a roughly 1.3% increase over 2015.[58][59] Of the total for 2016, travellers bound for domestic destinations constituted about 71%, and people travelling to the United States and other countries amounted to 29%.[59] In 2017, YYC Calgary International Airport was again the fourth-busiest airport in Canada in total passenger volume: about 16.3 million, a 3.8% increase, more than double from 2016. This setting another record in passenger volume, surpassing the previous record set in 2016. YYC's cargo operations grew significantly with more than 147,000 tonnes of cargo moving through the airport, an increase of 7.7 per cent from 2016.[60] Passenger volumes for the period 2010{{ndash}}2017 are provided in the following table:[58][59][61]
Cargo volumes for the period 2011{{ndash}}2017 are provided in the following table:[63]
Ground transportationDeerfoot Trail provides freeway access to the rest of the city.[64] There is also a tunnel beneath Runway 17L/35R that links the east side of the airport site to the terminal buildings.[65] Two parking garages and a rental-car facility are situated across from the terminals.[14][66] Public transport options are also available at the airport: Buses operated by Calgary Transit link YYC Calgary International to downtown, a nearby station of the local CTrain light-rail network, and other parts of the city.[67][68]Notable accidents and incidentsA West Coast Airlines flight from Spokane to Calgary via Cranbrook made a crash-landing shortly before the runway on 24 August 1963, although no one onboard was killed. A likely cause of the accident is the fact that the Fairchild F-27 was approaching the airport too low.[69] Another incident occurred on the runway on 22 March 1984, when Pacific Western Airlines Flight 501 attempted to take-off. A component of the left engine broke off and hit the fuel stores in the wing, resulting in a fire that spread over the left and back portions of the Boeing 737-200. The pilots aborted take-off and exited the runway onto a taxiway, where flight attendants evacuated all passengers. While some suffered severe injuries, all the occupants survived.[70][71] Notes{{NoteFoot}}References1. ^1 {{CFS}} 2. ^Synoptic/Metstat Station Information {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201114641/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/metstat1_e.html |date=December 1, 2011 }} 3. ^{{cite web|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|url=https://www.yyc.com/en-us/media/factsfigures/factsheet.aspx|title=Fact Sheet|accessdate=12 January 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|url=https://www.yyc.com/en-us/media/factsfigures/passengerstatistics.aspx|title=Passenger Statistics|accessdate=6 April 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Aircraft movements, by class of operation and peak hour and peak day of movements, airports with NAV CANADA tower|url=http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=4010007&pattern=&csid=|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=April 6, 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=https://www.sfu.ca/geog351fall04/etc_webdesigns/cal_hist.htm|title=Calgary International Airport - History|website=Simon Fraser University|date=2004|accessdate=1 August 2017}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-airport-history-terminal-1.3804304|date=24 October 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|website=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|author=Dippel, Scott|title=Shiny new terminal just the latest in a long line of Calgary airports}} 8. ^Airport history at YYC site 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/business/local-business/privatization-no-cure-for-high-cost-of-air-travel-airport-ceo|date=7 December 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|title=Calgary airport CEO: Privatization no cure for high cost of air travel in Canada|website=Calgary Herald|author=Stephenson, Amanda}} 10. ^{{cite news|date=18 February 2015|title=WestJet's inspirational ascent from humble beginnings|url=http://calgary.ctvnews.ca/westjet-s-inspirational-ascent-from-humble-beginnings-1.2242474|accessdate=1 August 2017|website=CTV News}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/new-calgary-runway-officially-open-1.2691266|date=29 June 2014|accessdate=1 August 2017|website=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|title=New Calgary runway officially open}} 12. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2016/10/31/calgary-airport-international-terminal/93052590/|date=31 October 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|title=New international terminal opens at Calgary Airport|website=USA Today|author=Baskas, Harriet}} 13. ^{{cite news|date=6 October 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|url=http://www.660news.com/2016/10/06/city-airport-officially-named-yyc-calgary-international/|website=660 News|title=City airport officially named "YYC Calgary International"|author=Tarasko, Mike}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.yyc.com/Portals/0/TRAVELLER%20INFO/YYC-Terminal-Maps-print-web.pdf|title=Terminal maps|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|accessdate=1 August 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/ports-entry/operations/preclearance|title=Preclearance locations|website=U.S. Customs and Border Protection|date=22 June 2017|accessdate=2 August 2017}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/opening-day-flies-by-at-new-calgary-airport-terminal|title=Opening day flies by at new Calgary airport terminal|author=Jarvie, Michele|date=31 October 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|website=Calgary Herald}} 17. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/business/local-business/westjet-ceo-blasts-new-terminal-at-yyc-says-airport-authority-hasnt-listened-to-concerns|title=WestJet CEO blasts new terminal at YYC, says airport authority hasn't listened to concerns|website=Calgary Herald|date=27 December 2016|accessdate=1 August 2017|author=Stephenson, Amanda}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3142232/westjet-says-passengers-upset-with-calgary-airport-connection-travel-times/|title=WestJet says passengers upset with Calgary airport connection travel times|author=Tighe, Tony|date=21 December 2016|accessdate=2 August 2017|website=Global News}} 19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.airportimprovement.com/article/calgary-intl-builds-canadas-longest-runway|title=Calgary Int'l builds Canada's longest runway|author=Bradley, Jennifer|date=August 2014|website=Airport Improvement|accessdate=8 September 2017}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/million+runway+takes+calgary+airport/9941668/story.html|title=New $600-million runway takes off at Calgary airport|author=Stephenson, Amanda|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=8 September 2017|website=Calgary Herald}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/business/local-business/parker-airport-cargo-traffic-takes-flight|title=Parker: Calgary airport cargo traffic takes off|date=17 June 2016|accessdate=3 August 2017|website=Calgary Herald|author=Parker, David}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Massive cargo plane touches down at YYC for first time|date=22 October 2014|accessdate=3 August 2017|website=Global News|last1=Vaessen|first1=Doug|last2=Freeman|first2=Jenna|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1622111/massive-cargo-plane-touches-down-at-yyc-for-first-time/}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/691249/look-up-way-up-calgary-airport-unveils-new-air-traffic-control-tower/|title=Look up, way up! 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web|url=http://www.yyc.com/Portals/0/MEDIA/Media-PassengerStats/br_paxtotal.pdf|title=Calgary International Airport local E&D passenger statistics|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|date=19 July 2017|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235336/http://www.yyc.com/Portals/0/MEDIA/Media-PassengerStats/br_paxtotal.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2017}} 60. ^{{cite web|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|url=https://www.yyc.com/News/tabid/91/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/327/YYC-Achieves-Record-Passenger-Volumes-in-2017.aspx|title=YYC Achieves Record Passenger Volumes in 2017|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yyc.com/Portals/0/MEDIA/Media-PassengerStats/br_paxtotal.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214051851/http://www.yyc.com/Portals/0/MEDIA/Media-PassengerStats/br_paxtotal.pdf|title=Calgary International Airport local E&D passenger statistics|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|date=27 January 2015|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=14 February 2015}} 62. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.yyc.com/en-us/media/factsfigures/passengerstatistics.aspx|title=YYC > Media > Facts & Figures > Passenger Statistics|website=www.yyc.com|access-date=2019-02-04}} 63. ^{{cite web|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|url=https://www.yyc.com/en-us/businessatyyc/aircargo/cargostatistics.aspx|title=Cargo Statistics|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 64. ^{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Calgary+International+Airport+(YYC)/@51.1250641,-114.0190782,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x5371640f7bf63b77:0xdbe9871f5cbc7457!8m2!3d51.1250608!4d-114.0168895|title=Calgary International Airport (YYC)|accessdate=4 August 2017}} 65. ^{{cite news|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/traffic+takes+through+million+tunnel/9875015/story.html|title=Traffic takes off through $295-million tunnel|website=Calgary Herald|author=Ho, Clara|date=26 May 2014|accessdate=4 August 2017}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yyc.com/en-us/travellerinfo/groundtransportation/carrentals.aspx|title=Car rentals|website=YYC Calgary International Airport|accessdate=4 August 2017}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.calgarytransit.com/schedules-maps?route=100|title=Route 100 - Airport/McKnight Stn|website=Calgary Transit|accessdate=4 August 2017}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.calgarytransit.com/schedules-maps?route=300|title=Route 300 - BRT Airport/City Centre|website=Calgary Transit|accessdate=4 August 2017}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19630824-0|title=Accident description for West Coast Airlines Flight 794|date=4 August 2017|accessdate=4 August 2017|website=Aviation Safety Network}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19840322-0|title=Accident description for Pacific Western Airlines Flight 501|date=4 August 2017|accessdate=4 August 2017|website=Aviation Safety Network}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1&LLID=65&LLTypeID=14|title=Related accidents/incidents|website=Federal Aviation Administration|accessdate=4 August 2017}} External links{{commons category|Calgary International Airport}}
5 : Airports established in 1939|Certified airports in Alberta|Transport in Calgary|Canadian airports with United States border preclearance|National Airports System |
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